"Lee-Enfield" - isibhamu British. Incazelo, izici, izithombe

umlando Umhlaba Armoury uyazi Ezimweni eziningi lapho abanye isibhamu iba real "ubuso" isikhathi sakhe. Lokhu kwaba "trehlineyka" yethu, isibhamu efanayo "Lee-Enfield". Kuze kube manje, abaqoqi emhlabeni kungaba ibhaxa noma iluphi jackpot ehloniphekile lucky abangakwazi ubaphe isampuli yale isikhali zisesimweni ephelele. E-UK ngokwayo lolu hlobo ngezibhamu ube ukubaluleka efanayo, esinakho edume "mosinka".

Indlela Bonke baqala?

Ngokokuqala ngqá isibhamu sohlobo lwe-English yalolu hlobo wamukelwa Royal Army 1895. Empeleni, kwaba eyandulela ngqo isibhamu "Lee-Enfield" e 1853. Ngokuthakazelisayo, yasekuqaleni isikhali is sidaliwe ngqo black powder. Lapho Sahlola cartridges nge amasampula entsha kagwayi, kanye kwaba sobala ukuthi isikhali ukuze isetshenziswe lungafanelekile ngokuphelele.

AmaNgisi kwadingeka ukuba ngokushesha ukuthuthukisa emgqonyeni entsha ukucushwa ezahlukene rifling. Yiqiniso, zabhekana ekuguqulweni nensimbi mbukwane. "Ukufaneleka" Umbuso wakhe omusha "Lee-Enfield" wabonisa ngokugcwele ngesikhathi olunegazi Boer War.

Uma une ingane ukufunda adventure amanoveli, cishe ukukhumbula "amabhunu" futhi "Izinyunyana", okuvumela ukuba ushaye Umphikisi nge eqolo ngesikhathi amabanga. Empeleni, ezimweni eziningi nje kwaba okufanayo mayelana British "Lee-Enfield", njengoba amabhunu (bamakoloni Dutch) esetshenziswa ogxile German "Mauser".

Phela, imikhiqizo German kulezo izingxabano zazizinhle kakhulu, kodwa British yokushisekela izwe touted isibhamu sakhe, eye kusukela ngokuvamile walibiza ngokuthi "brown."

Saveza ukuthi izigigaba Afrika?

Britain bayinqoba impi, kodwa CSKA baye bahlupheka kakhulu kusukela ngqo "Mauser". Akumangazi ukuthi sebetholile ababekuqondile Ucele ukuguqulwa ophuthumayo izibhamu zawo. Yingakho ngo-1903 model entsha - SMLE Mk I. Yeka eyenza ihluke ezazingaphambi kwayo?

Ukulandela isibonelo amaJalimane, i-British ngabe senginquma ukwenza okuthile Lesisemkhatsini phakathi carbine abagibela amahhashi "agcwalisa" isibhamu ngobukhulu (njengokuthi "Mauser K98"). Lokhu kwaba ushintsho olukhulu ngempela isixazululo iphila, njengoba kakade empini kwaba sobala ukuthi abakhwele amahhashi wayebe ezingabalulekile futhi ukuthi amasosha ihhashi njalo kufanele dismount ukuze umlilo empini imodi.

Ngo-1907 bamukela ukuguqulwa wathatha SMLE Mk.III, esibonakala by kungenzeka ukushaja okusheshayo nge Ukugunda. Lokhu isibhamu "Lee-Enfield" eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi phakathi neMpi Yezwe I futhi kuhle sazibonakalisa. Amasosha wayithanda le gun for ukunemba kwawo kanye ukunemba. Ngo-1916-ke zamukela le "Lesisemkhatsini" version of the isibhamu, okungase kwenziwe ubuchwepheshe lula, ukuthi kwezimo zempi kwaba ngempela engadingekile.

Izikhali ngakho njengamadoda empi?

Naphezu kwezingqinamba ngobuchwepheshe eziphambili "wamkhohlisa ', i-British bakwazi ukwakha isikhali okunokwethenjelwa kakhulu. Kukhona amacala lapho amasosha zihambisana yesivalo amanikiniki oily, bese laliqhubeka nokulwa ngisho elele imisele yamanzi. Lapho ebhekene ukuhlaselwa njalo izibhamu ezinkulu lapho zonke okuqukethwe imisele kuba embozwe ungqimba obukhulu ngodaka isihlabathi, ukuthembeka kulezi ngezibhamu isanda kuyisipho esivela ngenhla.

ukuqhubeka

Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II wamukelwa ukuguqulwa SMLE No.1 (SMLE WESI-4 Mk. I). ezintsha Major baye ukhathazekile ukudalwa ipotimende eziqinile ngaphezulu, umsakazo odlala ama elula manufacturable. Futhi, ngenkathi kwakukhona elula emehlweni misa, ekuthuthukiseni kakhulu ukunemba kuhloswe futhi umlilo.

Uma siqhathanisa isibhamu esisha ukushintshwa ngaphambili, sekuyinto elula ngisho nethembekile. Izikhungo izikhali uqala esiningi isikhathi esincane. Shutter inkambo mufushane, kungaba kusheshe futhi kube lula ukwenza. Ekugcineni, izinga le isibhamu okokuqala singcono kakhulu ukuthi we "Mauser".

Mayelana "isisindo" izimfanelo

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi amasosha aseBrithani imakwe ethile eyodwa kuphela - isisindo. ukuguqulwa yesihlanu kuphela kuhlaziywe 3.3 kg, kanye nazo zonke ezinye ezahlukeneyo ezazisemizini ububanzi 4 kg (kuqhuma Cha 4 Mk. ngasengilinganisa 4.11 kg). Ngakolunye uhlangothi, "mosinka" insabule sidonswe zonke kg 4.5, ukuze lokhu kusimo okungabazekayo ngokumelene nezinye izimbangi. By endleleni, "Mauser K98" walinganisa kg mayelana 4.1, ngakho lapha - silinganiso egcwele.

Sniper "modding" nezinye ukulungiswa

Ngesisekelo ukuguqulwa odlule saqala ukwakha kanye sniper izibhamu, njengoba isidingo wodwana izikhali ngoba "sharpshooters" ngaleso sikhathi kwabonakala. Nokho, i-British akazange ukufinyelela yokukhiqiza ku zokuthutha ngawodwana umane ukhethe izikhali kusukela inqwaba jikelele, ngokusekelwe ukunemba kakhudlwana futhi ukunemba (ngendlela efanayo ukuthi senza ukuthi Wehrmacht). Amagama sniper ukulungiswa - SMLE WESI-4 Mark. Mina (T).

Ngo-1944, kwagqashuka impi eshubile eBurma nezinye izingxenye Asia, lapho British wazama ukuba axoshe Japanese, ubani kalula ukuchilizwa aphume British ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II. Kwasheshe kwacaca ukuthi ejwayelekile elihamba isibhamu ehlathini bazizwe bengakhululekile ngoba umgqomo eside kukhawulela kakhulu nenkululeko iqhinga.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abaklami ngokushesha esungulwe kuqhuma Cha 5 Mark. Mina Jungle carbine. Kulesi sokuzingela flash suppressor laliphinyiselwa, futhi kwadingeka emgqonyeni sifushane futhi forend. Kodwa amasosha lokhu ukuguqulwa ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene akakuthandanga wezempi, lesi imodeli alisetshenziswa kabanzi.

By the way, yini uhla umlilo isikhali? Akuve umxhwele: e nokulungiswa lokuqala - 2743 amamitha, ngesikhathi kuqhuma Cha 5 Mark. Mina Jungle - 1000 amamitha. Yiqiniso, konke lokhu - "ihhashi esikhaleni nje", kusukela, ngokomthetho uhla ngempumelelo komlilo akukho kuka 500-900 amamitha, kodwa le miphumela (ngisho ngezindinganiso lanamuhla) muhle kakhulu. Ukuze ukulwa eduze lwenzelwe insabule, "Lee-Enfield" kwaba ifakwe i blade umxhwele, okuyinto namanje kakhulu bayakwazisa abaqoqi.

Tales futhi "ukuzingela isiko"

Kuze kube ngasekupheleni kwawo-50-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule, lezi zikhali lawa abehlome ngezibhamu Royal Army. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo isibhamu of omunye onobuhle ngenhla angasahlelwa kalula etholakala kulawo mazwe ukuthi babe amakoloni British. Kuyaziwa ukuthi mujahideen e Afghanistan ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa "Enfields" e ukuhlaselwa amasosha ethu. Ngesikhathi yezinganekwane efanayo ezichaza ukusetshenziswa langempela le "amabhunu", uye kusukela zanqwabelana eziningi ezinkulu.

Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka ukuba avumelane yokuthi inhlamvu ixoshe kusuka isibhamu ubudala isiNgisi, iphula ngempela indinganiso ibutho flak jacket. Kodwa izindaba lo iphele izisebenzi armored yenethiwekhi ...!? Ukuyibeka ngobumnene, lolu lwazi kubangele ukungabaza phakathi ochwepheshe njengoba izikhali BTR-70/80 yombango Nokho kungekho ekugxiliseni, osezingeni 12.7 mm. Kukhona ulwazi ukuthi kusukela "amabhunu" ezokuthutha ezinophephela emhlane kwamaSoviet hit izikhathi eziningana.

Nalokhu, ungakwazi futhi uyavuma: the "I-MI-8" zempi akuyona njengoba ikilasi, ngakho ayikho into isimanga iziqephu ezifana khona. Phela, eVietnam US "Hugh" ubizwa nangokuthi akhishwe elula ngezibhamu ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kafushane, mpikiswano impikiswano mayelana emihle nemibi "Enfield" kwenziwe kuze kube manje, futhi ngeke babone kuze kube sekupheleni.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Kusukela iphuzu kwesakhiwo Ngenxa isibhamu sohlobo lwe-English kuyinto omele zakudala isikhali yokusetha kabusha incwadi yomholi bese umshudo beya. The main isici - desyatizaryadny esitolo, okuyinto, nakuba kakhulu esivuna Ubukhulu "sokuprakthiza" akunakudluliswa esikhiphekayo. Esikhathini photo ngokucacile isikhali ebonakalayo.

Ngamafuphi nje, kubalulekile ukuba ukushaja, ukusunduza valve kwindawo ukuphela (njengoba trehlineyke noma "Mauser"). Nokho, ezindaweni ezijulileyo yabalindi inhlamvu kuyinto isiqhebezo angasetshenziswa ukususa esitolo. Nakuba le ndlela isetshenziswa kuphela uma kudingeka ukuba afeze wekulihlanta noma esikhundleni izingxenye.

izinhlamvu

Ukushaja kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa slot longitudinal ku umamukeli. Kuyinto, njengoba sishilo ngenhla, ikhishwe kuphela uma yesivalo ivuliwe ngokugcwele. Shaja isikhali kungaba sengathi enye abavikela, ezinjengenyanga, ngamunye eyayintula imizuliswano ezinhlanu. Njengazo zonke izibhamu kwesikhathi, kube lula uhlobo yokugcina yokulayisha e anemifantu kakhulu umamukeli nepepper.

By the way, onjani igobolondo isetshenziswa lapha? "Lee-Enfield" uzihlomisa izinhlamvu likubeka ngokucacile: Calibre .303 British, ukuthi abantu ohlelweni imethrikhi - 7.7 mm. emikhonweni obuphelele - 56 mm. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi yasekuqaleni osezingeni izikhali zaba 7,69 mm, kodwa kamuva ngenxa ushintsho ohlelweni olusha rifling kwathatha ukushintsha.

Izici kanye yesivalo inhlamvu

Ezansi lesango zaziyizingalo ezimbili, ngo-okuthela ukukhiya okunokwethenjelwa umgqomo. Uma ukuvala yesivalo ngokuzenzakalela kuvuse cocked. Yiphathe ukusingatha sokuzivuselela kwaba kancane bent, bakhothama. Sam yesivalo Kulula kakhulu ukusingatha, has a "okuqinile", kodwa, ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stroke iDemo. Ngenxa yokuthi yokugcina inikeza izinga kakhudlwana, abelokhu sokuzingela adumile "Lee-Enfield".

USM (ie inhlamvu indlela) - elula, umgadli hlobo. Kukhona fuse elise ohlangothini lwesobunxele owamukelayo. Ngokungafani trehlineyki yethu lento kwi "oyiNgisi" lalinethezeke kakhulu, nge-fuse ikwazi umunwe yesandla esisodwa ngaphandle kokushintsha izikhali isango.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu, "Lee-Enfield" kwaba esinezinyathelo Uzalo, okuyinto Ithuthukisa kakhulu ukunemba. Kuyathakazelisa kakhulu ukukwenza ngesidunu entanyeni: kokuba cishe "isibhamu" ukuma, it has a ergonomic kakhulu, okuyinto kakhulu ngcono izikhali isango.

Uma ubheka ngesidunu, uzothola kukhona izimbobo ezintathu ezincane, eliklanyelwe ukuba sigcine amadivayisi yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, nezinye ezimbili ezidingekayo ukunciphisa isisindo ingqikithi sikhali. Ngokuvamile, izinkuni ekwakhiweni eziningi: isithombe ikhombisa izikhali ezenziwe kulokhu kwaziswa bonke ukunqwabelanisa.