Manholes: I Ukucaciswa kanye nomklamo

Indle, njenganoma iyiphi enye, yakhiwa izakhi ezahlukene, okuyinto zenzelwe ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu. Lezi zihlanganisa futhi manholes, okuyizinto ezidingekayo ukuze kugcinwe futhi nokulawula uhlelo. Ukuhlelwa manholes iyadingeka uma ushintsha emthambekeni abaqoqi ubukhulu amapayipi kanye izinkomba zabo.

Izinhlobonhlobo manholes

Manholes, kuncike tesakhiwo, kungaba ingenye kwezinhlobo. Phakathi kwabo kufanele ezigqanyisiwe: yomugqa, rotary, ukhiye, ukulawula, ugeze, Perepadnaya, kanye nalezo laba banzi wawungakanani dweba. Ukuthuthukiswa esisogwini izigaba iqonde, swivel esetshenziswa kulezo zindawo lapho umugqa amapayipi ishintsha indlela. Nodal kahle kulezo zindawo lapho ijoyina amagatsha amaningana. engeyokuqala okunjalo kungaba abangeqile kwabathathu ukunikezela eyodwa esidayisa ipayipi. Uma ngalendoda omkhulu, isakhiwo ibizwa ngokuthi egumbini yokuxhuma. Control imithombo kufanele axazulule kulezo zindawo lapho ukuxhumana senziwa egcekeni, imboni, kanye naphakathi-network emgwaqweni. I nokugeza emithombo ezizindeni primary lapho kumiswa kwezulu ngenxa yesivinini esiphansi. Isidingo sabo siba khona nalapho kudingeka ukusebenzisa amapayipi egeza.

design

Manholes ingasho uhlobo oluthile, kodwa ngokuvamile banesikhathi tesakhiwo efanayo. Ngo Ukwakheka kwabo kuhlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo: entanyeni, ugqoko, sunroof, ekamelweni ukusebenza kanye isisekelo. Zingenziwa ngezinto ezahlukene, okungukuthi, plastic, ukhonkolo block, akhiwe ngezitini noma ngamatshe. Uma kahle isendaweni indawo ngaphandle kwamanzi umgwaqo, indawo izimpumputhe emhlabeni isakhiwo ziyadingeka, kubalulekile ukuba ngempumelelo amanzi ezikhukhula namapayipi. Manholes ngokuya avame isimo isikwele noma indilinga. Kumila wenziwe amapuleti ukhonkolo, zazo ogibele ochotshoziwe itshe umcamelo. Isakhiwo ipayipi siya ugqoko, okuyinto into enkulu kwezobuchwepheshe. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukuthutha amanzi anokungcola. ukuphakama kwalo Imininingwane akufanele ibe ngaphansi ububanzi enkulu ipayipi. Wenziwe ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu nokusetshenziswa izifanekiso. Kuzo zombili izinhlangothi ugqoko ogibele amashalofu, lapho evele umsebenzi. Lezi zici kufanele abe eyehlelayo kancane iqondiswe ekufezeni ugqoko.

Yini enye okufanele ukwazi ngezici isakhi mgodi

Sewer manholes ifakwe isitebhisi kanye ukudla ukwehla. ukuphakama Kuvame kakhulu 1800 amamilimitha angu ubukhulu kufanele zifane ububanzi we ipayipi. Intamo ngokuvamile zosayizi ojwayelekile, okuyinto ilingana amamilimitha angu-700. Luka manholes kufanele zitholakale endaweni ephakeme ezisukela amamilimitha angu-70 kuya kwangu-200 ngaphezu komhlabathi. Lo msuka iyisivikelo ikhamera kusuka odla. Kuvikela abantu ezingozini. Njengoba ukwaziswa cast iron ingasetshenziswa abophe, futhi izinto polymeric, lona wamuva yayo ayifani amandla, ukuqina futhi adambise. Sakaza elikhulu lensimbi nesembozo futhi nakakhulu, kodwa esisemqoka kubekwe phezu ingxenye yomgwaqo ebekelwe izimoto, lapho ziyobhekana imithwalo eliphezulu.

Izici mgodi

imithombo Ngasekuqaleni zazenziwe eziphathekako isitini, kodwa manje ngokwethukela kusetshenziswa imithombo plastic, okuyinto babe okusezingeni eliphezulu rigidity izici. E-West, lobu buchwepheshe Kuye wayekwenza isikhathi eside kakhulu. Okuphansi frost ukumelana we indaba akusho tente isikhathi esithile manje ukuthandwa kwalo mkhiqizo eRussia, kodwa namuhla, epulasitikini yesimanje Site izimo ezinzima kakhulu zezulu. ukwakhiwa plastic akahlukile ukhonkolo cishe lutho. Isakhiwo has a base, ikhava bese telescopic tube kushaft. Ngezinye izikhathi lapho ikhale mgodi futhi mgodi futhi ipuleti. izinhlelo Plastic kunezimo eziningi phezu ukhonkolo, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje ngesisekelo ukuvuleka uphuma khona, zifakwa usayizi amapayipi amapayipi. Uma sikhuluma izinhlelo ukhonkolo, zidinga ushintsho imigodi amashubhu kanye ukubunjwa yabo enikeza isikhathi kanye nezindleko.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi imithombo plastic Ubonakala ngempela ethambile, ukuthembeka ungabahlukanisa phakathi izici zawo, ngoba imikhiqizo enjalo kungaba sikhuthazele umfutho ophakeme. Uma ucabangela omunye izakhi ukukhucululwa, uthola imakwe 3634 99 - kubhaklazeka manholes phambi kwakho. Bangaba abamukelayo imvula ekhethekile, ngamunye elingelakwaJuda umthwalo ekilasini lakhe. Okuvame kakhulu yiwona amakilasi alandelayo: ikilasi B, elikwaziyo ibhekane nomthwalo amathani 12.5, futhi D ekilasini, ngesikhatsi ukuhlinzwa kungaba ukumelana izimpahla ezingamathani angu-40 umthwalo.

Izici amanzi manholes plastic

Awu abakhwabanisi ukuhlolwa plastic eminyakeni yamuva nje siye ngokuya atholwe amakhasimende. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ingasetshenziswa nge kunalokho ububanzi lokushisa ububanzi kusukela degrees -25 kuya +45. I kwangaphakathi tube amaqabunga abushelelezi, okuyinto enomthelela yokuhlanza lula. Amanzi imithombo ezisetshenziswa amapayipi amanzi kanye nokuqoqwa okwalandela bamanzi amanzi. Ukuphakama ipayipi ngenduku inani ompompi kungase kushintshwe ngamunye ngumthengi, ke kuzoncika sezwe. imiklamo okunjalo alungele ukukhonza iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-50, futhi zisekelwe polypropylene amapayipi. Inqawe abe ubukhulu manholes okukhipha phakathi amamilimitha angu-63 kuya ku-200, kuyilapho ububanzi we stem pipe ejwayelekile futhi ilingana 315 amamilimitha angu.

Ibanga phakathi manholes uhlobo lwento

Ibanga phakathi mgodi komugqa kweyeme ubukhulu tube. Ngakho, uma ubukhulu kuyinto amamilimitha angu-50, ibanga 35 kwangu. Uma ubukhulu ingaphezu 2000 mm, izikhala phakathi imithombo kufanele sifinyelele amamitha angu-300. Lapho i value isilinganiso in the uhla kusuka kwangu-700 kuya ku-900 kufanele kususwe emithonjeni komunye nomunye at ibanga amamilimitha angu-100.

I of amapayipi mgodi ukujula

Ukufakwa amapayipi mgodi kufanele igcwaliswe ukufakwa amapayipi amapayipi. Ukujula Kokuhlakanipha kubekwa kungenziwa ahluka ngamasentimitha 30 kuya 40, kodwa kubalulekile ukuba acabangele emthambekeni ipayipi emhlabathini, kufanele wenze okukodwa isentimitha imitha ithrekhi ngamunye. Ahileleke eyehlelayo akulona kunomvuzo, kusukela ngokufaka kahle kufanele kube ephakeme, okuzokwenza neqhaza ekulahlekelweni sakugcina umthamo. Akufanele sibakhohlwe mayelana ungangenisi amanzi of manholes. Lapho ukumba emseleni akudingekile sokumba notch ukujula okukhulu kakhulu, ngisho noma uhlela ukuthulula ezweni ngaphansi ipayipi. Kungcono ukushiya nesilinganiso encane, njengoba inhlabathi wafafaza kungaba prosest Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kungabangela ukulahlekelwa emthambekeni komgwaqo. Underlay ithrekhi izinto kungavunyelwe, njengoba kungabangela ukulimala ipayipi.

isiphetho

Akubalulekile ukulahla yokufuna izakhi plastic esivuna ukhonkolo phambi ilungiselelo manholes, njengoba bebizwa ngokuphelele uphawu, isitayela ulula kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo esindayo, futhi siphansi in izindleko. Ukufakwa akadingi ukusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile, kanye ngesikhathi yokulayisha athula, le misebenzi, ungakwazi ngisho bafeze ungasizwa muntu. izakhi okunjalo usebenze njengoba nje unganikezi isidingo yokuhlanza njalo. izinto eco-friendly asetshenziswa ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza.