Kanjani na ukukhetha okungcono ukufulela impahla ngoba uphahla. Izinhlobo ukufulela impahla ngoba uphahla

Esikhathini esidlule yamuva emakethe ukwakhiwa ibanga elilinganiselwe zokwakha uphahla otholakele. Yena waklonyeliswa nge slate, amashidi steel futhi lashukumisa. Kodwa isimo sesishintshile: manje ikhasimende akulula kangako ukukhetha impahla ukufulela ukwakha uphahla, ngoba emakethe kukhona umncintiswano sina, futhi uhla yandile kakhulu.

nenqubo yokukhethwa

Uhlobo ngalunye impahla has izici zayo siqu, kahle noma kabi liwuhlukanise kwabanye. Zophahla zethu ezingokwenyama uphahla ezimweni ezithile zidinga ezahlukene. Indlela yokukhetha yayo ngendlela elandelayo:

• izimo yokusebenza (umthwalo kulindeleke). Ekubaleni yayo kuthatha isisindo uphahla, nazo zonke izakhi zawo (semishayweni, battens, ukwahlukanisa, njll). Ikhumbula izimo zezulu yesifunda, ngokukhethekile isilinganiso isivinini somoya kanye kwezulu (isisindo isembozo iqhwa).
• Isixazululo yezakhiwo. Okusalungiswa design ivumela ukucacisa ukuma ophahleni, owawuthi material ofanele ikhethwa ukwakha uphahla. Ngokwesibonelo, uma unquma ukusebenzisa Tile Ceramic, umakhi kumele zithobele iphimbo ophahleni 30-35 degrees. Lesi simo kuyadingeka ukuba bagcine isikhathi impahla inikezwe.
• Isikhathi wokusebenza, nomlilo ukumelana. Izinto wokufulela Kufanele kukhethwe kuye ngenjongo yokwakha, izimo zokusebenza. Ngokwesibonelo, asikho isidingo ukusebenzisa ezintweni zokwakha uphahla for ophahleni, intengo okuyinto kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu yokwakha kwezomnotho.

I UKUQINA izinto

izinto eziningi ngoba uphahla abe sewaranti, nesebenzela kuphela icala engalungile ubuchwepheshe obandayo. Ekusebenteni, isikhathi sabo msebenzi izikhathi eziningana ezinkulu. Ngaphandle ukulungisa, banabo imigomo yesevisi elandelayo:

• Bituminous amashidi lukathayela - iminyaka 15-25;
• Asbhestosi-usimende ibhodi (slate) - iminyaka 30-40;
• metal - iminyaka 30-50;
• Tile ezithambile - iminyaka 30-50;
• emi ophahleni umphetho - kuze kube iminyaka engu-50;
• ibhodi lukathayela - kuze kube iminyaka engu-50;
• amathayili yemvelo - kuze kube iminyaka engu-100;
• slate kophahla - iminyaka 150-200.

lenqwaba imikhiqizo efanayo emakethe. Nokho, akubona bonke izinhlobo ukufulela impahla ngoba uphahla abe namandla anele, ukuqina kanye sezulu ukumelana okuhle. Kuyaqondakala njengoba ukumelana namandla ngenyanga, emoyeni asidi, ukugqwala, emisebeni yelanga. Ukubalwa ezintweni zokwakha uphahla ukwakha uphahla noma kungaba kwenziwe ngokuzimela noma ngosizo ochwepheshe. Ngokuvamile, endaweni yayo ehlukaniswa endaweni izici ngamunye komsebenzi. Ngokusekelwe idatha etholwe, kwathiwa ibalwa inani elidingekayo.

Tile Ceramic

Isakhi esiyinhloko okokusebenza - nenqwaba ubumba aphathwe esithandweni ekhethekile nganoma lokushisa 1000, lapho kuba abomvu ansundu. Ngaphambi labadubuli, amathayili Ceramic embozwe ifilimu avikelayo okuyinto kwezulu ziyasuswa ngokuyimpumelelo. Ngesikhathi okukhiphayo ukunikeza Tile yokulinganisa 30 ngo-30 cm futhi enesisindo 2 kg. Lokhu kwaziswa ukufulela ngoba uphahla has zenyathi eziningana: abavamile, ibhande flat, olulodwa-wave, kanye nezinye sheave Tile. Ezinconyiwe ophahleni emthambekeni for isicelo sabo - kusuka 25-35 kuya ku-60 degrees. Kubalulekile ukugcina iziqondiso ezilandelayo:

1. Lapho emthambekeni lingaphansi kuka 22 degrees liyadingeka ukuze akwazi ukufeza umsebenzi ekuthuthukiseni ungangenisi amanzi kanye nobudlova.
2. Lapho eyehlelayo 22-60 degrees usebenzisa iziqobosho ejwayelekile.
3. Lapho izinga iphelile degrees 60, isetshenziswa njengenhlangano ezengeziwe yasibamba ngezikulufo, izinzipho.

izakhi ngabanye of the ezibonakalayo oxhumene esebenzisa uvala izinhlelo. Ngu furring Tile enamathiselwe ngenxa izimbobo. Ngakho-ke, izici engenhla impahla wabeka phansi, ukwakha ungqimba okuqhubekayo, ekuqedeni elinye ukuvuza. Njengoba sekushiwo, isikhathi sakho wokusebenza ngaphandle ukulungisa kuze kube iminyaka engu-100. Amashingili esetshenziselwa ukufulela izindlu isitini, ngokhuni noma ngamatshe kwanoma iyiphi ukuphakama. Izindleko ngamunye imitha square, njengoba umthetho, kuba kusukela emaRandini ayizigidi 25 kuya 50. Ukusebenzisa ezintweni zokwakha uphahla for ophahleni, intengo okuyinto isidingo ingasakhulunywa abayiqondayo le mfanelo zabo kuyafaneleka.

Izinzuzo zama-tile:

• eziphansi kokulondoloza isimo esihle (ukuhlanzwa emiseleni, kanye ukulungisa lendawo abazenzi kanye kuphela ngonyaka);
• umsindo ukumuncwa (umsindo imvula cishe lingezwakali);
• Ukumelana ukugqwala;
• Akukwazi umlilo;
• okusezingeni eliphezulu frost ukumelana;
• anhlobonhlobo imibala;
• khona micropores, okuvumela phahla "ukuphefumula." Bavumela umswakama aqoqana ngaphansi kophahla, ukuhwamuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

nemibi:

• eziningi isisindo;
• amandla ongaphakeme;
• zobuchwepheshe kanye ukufakwa impahla ezakhiweni eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Usimende-isihlabathi Tile

Ngenxa yokuthi ama-tile Ceramic impela ukwehla kwesisindo somzimba, wathola esikhundleni, owawungumnyaka Tile usimende-isihlabathi. Kwakuyoba kakhulu lula umklamo iyonke. Lokhu kwaziswa ukufulela ngoba uphahla siqukethe usimende, inhlabathi nensimbi oxide. Lesi sakamuva udayi. Usimende-isihlabathi Tile zibukeke cishe izakhamuzi zaseBosnia zifana kusuka sobumba. Nge ukusebenzisa kwayo emthambekeni kophahla kufanele kube 20-60 degrees. amathayili Laid ku ikesi ukuze izici umugqa wangaphambilini zazishintshwashintshwa ngesigamu ebubanzini nasekujuleni kwazo. Njengoba lisetshenziswe anchorages izipikili ukuthi clog kule izimbobo wenza efektri ngesikhathi womshini Tile.

Izinzuzo:

• ukumelana imvelo yangaphandle;
• frost.

nemibi:

• massiveness (ukujiya - 10 mm);
• umonakalo omkhulu kuya impahla uma ezokuthutha okungafanele (10%).

amathayili Usimende-isihlabathi zisetshenziselwa wokufulela njengoba izindlu zokhuni isitini eziphakeme ezahlukene. Izindleko zokwakha kuyinto ayi-10-30 US $ / m ^2. It kukuvumela ukuthi unikeze nomphumela ofanayo zokuhlobisa, njengoba tile Ceramic, imali ngemali encane.

ezimise okwama-tile

Limelela fiberglass, okuyinto ezisonga itiyela, ukwakha enamathela iyunifomu nhlangothi zombili flat. Ngezinye ungqimba layo elingenhla sisetshenziswa itshe posypku, kanye aphansi - primer-ingcina glue, senzelwe kunenze nisondelane kumila ophahleni. imikhiqizo enjalo ihlukaniswa njengoba 'soft ezintweni zokwakha uphahla for ophahleni. "

Ishidi bituminous Tile unamahlangothi 1 m ngu 30 cm, ngokulandelana. Ngenxa ivumelana nezimo, kungaba liphindwe cishe noma yiluphi uhlobo ophahleni isakhiwo. Ezazisetshenziselwa ukwenza uphahla nge emthambekeni degrees ezingaphezu kuka-12 (ngendlela enkulu ayikho imikhawulo). Kudinga ukusetshenziswa udoti ungqimba. Its wabeka yonkana phahla lath, okungase amelwe plywood waterproof noma OSB.

Amashingili livame ukusetshenziswa umhlobiso izindlu, Villas, izakhiwo zomphakathi. Liphinde ukucindezelwa kwakuvame ukusetshenziswa njengezaba ukufulela impahla for ophahleni egalaji.

Izinzuzo:

• impahla akusho aphule phakathi yezokuthutha ukufakwa;
• Akukona nokugqwala;
• Akukona ukubola, akusho nokugqwala;
• kungenzeka ukwenza esheshayo ukulungisa lendawo ngenani aphansi;
• kungekho msindo ngesikhathi kwezulu.

nemibi:

• ingozi eliphezulu umlilo;
• izithombe kubhekwe "ekilasini lesibili";
• wadalula ekukhanyeni ultraviolet;
• akumelwe ifakwe ubusika.

metal

Kuyinto ishidi lashukumisa steel nge enamathela polymeric, edlala indima zokuzivikela. Abakhiqizi ukukhiqiza impahla ngenombolo ezahlukene izingqimba. Metal akufane ukuthungwa ukuba "zobumba", kodwa akuyona amathayili usayizi encane, futhi wonke steel ishidi ribbing ngomala. Bona angusayizi ohlukile, ukushuba yabo silinganiselwa 0.4 mm.

Material ukuncoma ukusetshenziswa ku uphahla nge emthambekeni degrees 15. Against isizinda nezinye, yena umi Easy ukukhweza kuya ukufulela sheathing sensimbi kuvikelwe ukufulela nezikulufi ekhethekile. Yisebenzise cishe kunoma yisiphi izakhiwo ophahleni, ezisukela zinsiza ziphethe izakhiwo ephezulu liphumele noma izindawo zezimboni.

Kwabaningi, lokhu okungcono ukufulela impahla ngoba uphahla ngokuya sithola okufanele ngemali esiyikhokhayo (kubiza aphansi izikhathi 2-3 kwalawa angenhla ezimbili izinhlobo tile).

Izinzuzo:

• ukufakwa okusheshayo;
• eziphansi;
• isisindo ongaphakeme (35 kg / m ^2);
• amandla (ngesikhathi ezokuthutha alilinyaziwe).

I yokuntula of indaba uphansi umsindo ukwahlukanisa yayo (imvula nesichotho ephelezelwa umsindo omkhulu).

slate

Kuyinto impahla usimende, amandla awo luyanda asbestos zesivikelo sesifuba. Siqukethe 15% asbestos korotkovolnistogo futhi 85% Portland usimende. Indaba kukhiqizwa ngesimo amashidi unxande nge corrugation mihlobiso. Basuke baprofetha ku gasket ukubekwa uphawu abethela kuya sheathing ngezipikili. Lokhu ophahleni ukufulela ngempumelelo lucwaningo ukusebenza kwawo lapho ukuthambekela salo kuleli uhla 12-60 degrees.

Slate ikakhulukazi esetshenziselwa emadlangaleni, ehlobo emakhishini nezinye izakhiwo zingabalulekile. Ngokuvamile, kuyafaneleka lapho ufuna ukulondoloza (1 m ² izindleko $ 2-3). Modern ezintweni zokwakha uphahla for ophahleni izinga okusezingeni nokunokwethenjelwa, kodwa izindleko zabo iphezulu kakhulu.

Izinzuzo:

• amandla kuqhathaniswa okusezingeni eliphezulu;
• ukufinyeleleka;
• It kungenziwa usike grinder.

nebubi:

• ethambile;
• alithandeki;
• eyingozi empilweni;
• ukuqongelela umswakama (nge isikhathi kuso avele ukhunta, moss).

decking profiled

Kuyinto elula ukufulela impahla. Limelela amashidi profiled ensimbi lashukumisa. Waves kubo angase abe trapezoid, sinusoidal noma simise oyindilinga. Zenza izinto ikhange nakakhulu futhi kube docking kulula amaqabunga ayo.

Ukuze lukathayela ophahleni emthambekeni kumele kube degrees okungenani 10. Beka likhreyithi impahla lwemishayo usebenzisa pergaminovoy napkin okwandisa ungangenisi amanzi properties. Namathisela ngezikulufo decking.

Le nto, like slate, beyibangisana ukugqagqana 200 mm noma ngaphezulu. Liphinde advantageously esetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo kwezohwebo. Ukusetshenziswa ukwaziswa okusencwadini embonini yezokwakha (izimboni, nezitolo ezinkulu).

Izinzuzo:

• ukufakwa lula;
• the cheapness isihlobo;
• ukuphila isikhathi eside;
• a amandla flexural sezingeni eliphezulu.

I yokuntula of indaba uphansi umsindo kude kwaso.

Steel umphetho ukufulela

Lokhu enamathela of bushelelezi ishidi steel, ukuvumela amanzi ukuba kugeleze gradients ngokukhululekile ngisho ezincane. I amashidi kungenzeka lashukumisa, plastic camera noma uncoated. Ezitshekile uphahla ophahleni steel kuyakuba degrees 20. Izakhi basuke oxhumene nge izingwegwe amashidi eduze. I umphetho kwakheka kulesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi umthungo noma kwakwakhe rebated.

Izinzuzo:

• It akabi;
• It has an ukubukeka ekhangayo;
• Ukuzivumelanisa nezimo;
• kungenzeka ukusebenza ashisa ongaphakeme;
• isisindo ukukhanya - 5.4 kg / m ^2.

nemibi:

• ukuchayeka ukucindezeleka mechanical;
• ophahleni kudingeka extra ukushisa namakhaza.

Uphahla lwezindlu esakhiwe ngezinto zemvelo

Ukuze ngezinto zemvelo wokufulela zihlanganisa utshani, umhlanga, ukhuni. Namuhla, ngokusebenzisa kwawo kuyinto okuhlukile ngokuqondene nalo mthetho. Lezi izinto eco-friendly ngokuyinhloko asetshenziswa zokudla, amahotela kanye nezinye izikhungo. ingasetshenziswa Lapho, nezinto ezintsha ukufulela ukwakha uphahla, kodwa umsebenzi oyinhloko zidonse ukunaka kwanoma labo abangase babe abathengi, ngakho izixazululo ezintsha babe inzuzo.

Imiphumela

A ezahlukene ezintweni zokwakha uphahla kungabangela ubunzima ezithile. Kodwa singenzeka kuphela ulwazi lapho enganele. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukutadisha izakhiwo izinto futhi intengo zabo ezahlukene, ngemva kwalokho ukhethe best.