Su-47 "Berkut": izithombe, izakhiwo. Kungani eduze iphrojekthi?

ukwakhiwa Aircraft, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni lempi, siye ikhokhwe njalo ngokukhethekile - ubude imingcele kuyinto enkulu, kodwa ngoba akukho izindiza ukulwa nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ngisho kule minyaka 90 kulomkhakha uye wakwazi ukuba asinde. Mhlawumbe othile uyakhumbula ukubukeka kwesigijimi C-37, kamuva yaba Su-47 "Berkut". Umthelela ukubukeka kwayo bekulokhu kuyamangalisa, ubuchwepheshe obusha uye wabangela isithakazelo Amazing hhayi kuphela ezweni lethu kodwa futhi phesheya. Kungani lokhu kwenzeka?

Imininingwane Basic ohlelweni

Iqiniso ukuthi indiza idonse amehlo emhlabeni wonke ngenxa amaphiko phambili-izoshanelwa. Kwakuyintokozo yodwa kwakusobala kangangokuthi engxoxweni ngisho lanamuhla yephrojekthi PAK FA kulabo izenzakalo ungayifinyeleli. Zonke izazi wabikezela okujabulisayo esizayo entsha ukuthuthukiswa futhi sizibuza uma uzokwethula Su-47 amasosha "Berkut". Kungani shaqa iphrojekthi uma kwaba zonke ezimangalisayo ngakho? Kuleli, kanye mlando ukuthuthukisa le indiza namuhla futhi sizobe ukukhuluma.

"Phezulu imfihlo" into

Kuyaziwa ukuthi sibonelo owokuqala wathatha lifika esibhakabhakeni eduze eMoscow ekupheleni September 1997. Kodwa lona kanye iqiniso ukhona waziwa kudala kakhulu kunalokho. Kakade ngasekupheleni kuka-1994, abezindaba aseNtshonalanga baye wabhala ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuthi eRussia ethuthuka indiza ezinye imfihlo. Ngisho ekhonjiwe kwegama - C-32. Ngokuvamile, kubonakala sengathi imfihlo yokuthi bokuba khona indiza lakhiwe kithi, ngoba abezindaba kanye uthi esentshonalanga shanela reverse wabhala obala.

Domestic efanayo lempi abathanda ubuchwepheshe wathola isiqinisekiso lolu lwazi kuze kube sekupheleni 1996. Nakomagazini yasekhaya isithombe wabonakala, ngokushesha yabangela imibuzo. Kwaba izindiza ezimbili: omunye wabo Kulula ukuqagela Su-27, kodwa imoto yesibili kwakungeyona into efanayo. Okokuqala, kwaba abamnyama ngokuphelele, ukuthi ezifuywayo Air Force akuyona ejwayelekile kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, Kwase wahlasela amaphiko. Ngemva komunye ngemva kwezinyanga ezithile (futhi lokhu akumangalisi) kwabezindaba efanayo angaphandle abanalo uhlelo sasivumela eningiliziwe izindiza ezintsha. Uma othile Akakubonanga kwaba Su-47 "Berkut".

Ngokuvamile, ukutholakala kwamahala kwenani elithile ekusithekeni ukugcina konke okufanayo kuhlulekile: kwathi kamuva ukuthi imisebenzi iphrojekthi kwaqalwa ngawo-80. Ngemva kokuwa kweSoviet Union uvele domain yomphakathi cishe lonke ulwazi lwalolu hlobo, "konke kusenjalo." Nokho, lokho akusona isimanga.

Indlela Bonke baqala

In the 70s sekwephuzile bonke abaphathi be-USSR Air Force Uzindla isu izindiza ngenxa eminyakeni ezayo. Kakade 1981, waqala uhlelo, inhloso ukuthuthukisa "othanda ukulwa omusha '90s." The main design ehhovisi esimisiwe Mikoyan. Kodwa kobuholi iphrojekthi Sukhoi wehluleka ukwenza iziphathimandla ukuthi akhona Su-27 kuyisisekelo umxhwele ngoba sesimanje, futhi ke kumele kube ukuthuthukisa umshini ekhona kunokuthi "reinvent isondo".

Ngaso nje leso CEO nesikhathi CB waba MP Simonov, ngubani nokho anquma ukuba sisuke kuleli amacebo nesimanje ngokunikeza ukudala into entsha ngempela. Lokhu kungenxa yokungabikho yokuthi abaklami wayefuna ngempela ukuhlola eziningi imibono ezithakazelisayo, ngaphandle ingozi "zisishise" kuphrojekthi kuhlulekile: uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka akunakubangelwa zonke lensha. Nokho, akungabazeki ukuthi lezi zenzakalo kubo iyoba wusizo kakhulu kunoma isiphi isimo, okungenani ngokombono yesayensi nobunjiniyela ngisho ke kwaba khona.

Kungani ukhethe "okungalungile" iphiko?

Ngakho, kungani ukuphayona Su-47 "Berkut" kwaba iphiko forwardswept? Ngokuqhathaniswa imiklamo ezivamile, ke kwadingeka eziningi eziwusizo abalulekile:

• ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya Excellent, ngisho ngesivinini aphansi, lokhu inzuzo kungabonwa ngokushesha.
• Superb buoyancy, eliphakeme kunalezo imiklamo zakudala wamaphiko.
• Okuthuthukisiwe handling izici phakathi ukusuka kanye kokwehla.
• Kuyaphawuleka mancane amathuba okuthi aye 'izimpumputhe "tailspin.
• Beautiful ukuqondanisa - njengoba izakhi umthwalo esindayo we hambisa iphiko ngase umsila, egumbini emaphakathi ikhishwe isikhala kakhulu ilungiselelo okunengqondo nezinhlamvu.

izinkinga ezihlelekile

Konke okungenhla kuyinto kwakuthiwa kungenzeka ukwakha fighter ephelele ngempela. Kodwa uma kwaba kuhle, ibutho izwe lalingeke eside kusukela zafinyelela ku izindiza ezinjalo. Iqiniso lokuthi amangqamuzana ethu ukuxazulula eziyinkimbinkimbi design izinselele ekudaleni le mishini:

• I kwehlukana nokunwebeka iphiko. Ngamafuphi nje, it is nje basonta ngesivinini ethile. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa, ngasendleleni, senzakalo futhi eJalimane lobuNazi, lapho kwakukhona imizamo ukwakha izindiza ezifanayo. Isixazululo okunengqondo kwaba ukwandisa rigidity kuya esiphezulu.
• Okwanda isisindo izindiza. Lapho ephikweni izinto ezazikhona ngesikhathi uthola nzima kakhulu.
• Ukwandisa Coefficient hola. Ukulungiselelwa ethize iphiko kuholela ekwandeni e ukumelana endaweni yonke imiphumela yaso.
• Kakhulu nganhlanye focus sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza, okuyinto cishe aqede ukuzanywa inhlukano ezimweni eziningi: nakanjani badinga electronics "smart" ngaphambi kokuba izinze.

Abaklami kwadingeka okuningi izithukuthuku ukuxazulula lezi zinkinga, kanjalo ukuthi Su-47 "Berkut" ngokuvamile wayengacela fly.

The main izixazululo zobuchwepheshe

Enough ngokushesha ukunquma main izixazululo lobuchwepheshe. Ukuze kuzuzwe ubulukhuni oyifunayo, kodwa lokho akusho utjheja isakhiwo, iphiko unqume ukwenza esiphezulu Ukusetshenziswa okungaba carbon fibre. Lapho kungenzeka khona, senza udlulisa zensimbi. Kodwa-ke kwathi konke ekhiqizwa eU.SSR izindiza izinjini akakhiphanga uyilokho okudingekayo, ngakhoke phrojekthi okwesikhashana ehlile.

C-37, i-preimage lokuqala

Lapha Abadali we Su-47 (S-37) "Berkut" wawusungene ezikhathini ezinzima. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo iphrojekthi ngokuvamile zibhidlike ngenxa yokukhula izinkinga zomnotho, kodwa wangenela Navy ubuholi anikela ngalo ukwenza indiza yenethiwekhi ezisekelwe fighter ngombono. Ekuqaleni 90s, abacwaningi baphindela isihloko iphiko ku kukhukhula emuva, usebenzisa zonke eyayikhona ngaleso sikhathi ukusetshenziswa. ngqó, impendulo ingu-ke wabe esebonakala "Berkut" Su-47 phrojekthi.

Izimpumelelo abaklami nonjiniyela

Impumelelo enkulu kakhulu Abaklami kuthathwa ngokuphepha ukuthi ukudalwa ubuchwepheshe eliyingqayizivele yokukhiqiza izingxenye omude eziyinkimbinkimbi esiyinhlanganisela izinto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakwazi ukufeza ngokunemba high ngempela-dock yabo. Omude kunayo yonke owake ingxenye izindiza Su-47 "Berkut", isithombe ongawabona kulesi sihloko kungabesifazane eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili ubude. Uma sikubeka kalula, imininingwane kancane, bonke nabo ukunemba eliphakeme axhunyiwe nomunye, sanciphisa kangcono inani aboshelwe futhi amalunga omzimba riveted. Lena nomthelela omuhle kakhulu kokubili rigidity kanye ekwazi ukumelana namandla omoya kulo lonke izindiza.

IMisa iphrojekthi izindiza esondela 20 amathani, hhayi ngaphansi kuka-14% kwaba inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze yokuncishiswa esiphezulu imininingwane ukuzama ukuthatha imishini ekhiqizwa serially. Ngakho, lantern, inombolo chassis ezinye timphawu tesakhiwo yayinjalo iyiswe Su-47 "Berkut" ngqo kusuka kuhlulekile "ukhokho" yakhe - su-27.

Ngu onqenqemeni phambi emthambekeni iphiko 20 °, kususwa udonga lwangemuva ukubaluleka kuyinto 37 °. Ingxenye impande ekhethekile chaza, okuvumela ukuba kakhulu ukunciphisa Coefficient hudula lwenziwe. Cishe bonke onqenqemeni iphiko kuthatha wonke imishini. Konke nje umklamo walo - inhlanganisela okuqhubekayo, futhi% 10 kuphela ewela ifaka metal wanezela ukufeza amandla esiwadingayo nokuqina.

ukuphathwa

Ngqo ezinhlangothini edonsa emoyeni has zonke ezinyakaza umsila ovundlile, okuyinto has simise trapezoid. Lomsila nakho kwenziwa isakhiwo izoshanelwa. umsila Verticala sifana nsé nesabantu kuzo zonke efanayo Su-27, kodwa endaweni yayo Imininingwane kakhulu emikhulu. Lokhu kutholakala ngokwenza izinguquko eziphawulekayo isakhiwo: indlela engangikujabulela ngayo ukusebenza kahle, ngakho-ke osayizi wawa.

Isiphambano-ingxenye fuselage eduze okusaqanda ngaphandle iKhabhinethi kakhulu "wakhotha" futhi njengoba ngokushelela ngangokunokwenzeka. Umnsalo izinguquko ezincane zicishe ngokuphelele lathathwa Su-27. Nhlangothi zombili abanikeze asebenza nabo ibekwe elula, angahlelekile emoyeni isibalo. Ngesikhathi phezulu fuselage ayatholakala, kodwa umshayeli uyakwazi ukulawula indawo yabo, lapho aphendukela ngaphansi aqondisa okukhulu, ukusuka noma kokwehla. Njengoba ubona esithombeni, ezinhlangothini we Imibhobho esemzimbeni we Su-47 "Berkut", izimfanelo okuyinto izincwadi esizifundayo, kukhona Izigaxana ezincane ngaphakathi okuyinto radar noma ezinye imishini zingafakwa.

amandla plant

Kusukela lutho ngaphezulu akumfanele, izinjini bafakwa imodeli indiza turbofan D-30F11. Bona, ngenhlanhla isetshenziswa MIG-31. Bashesha lokhu imoto ngokucacile akwanele, kodwa singashi ngempela bazitshela ukuthi esikhathini esizayo uzokwazi ukuthuthukisa ngaphezulu ephezulu torque imodeli ukonga. Nokho, ngisho nalapho kungase kusho ukusuka isisindo 25,5 amathani izici zalezi motors Babengaphezu kwamashumi eyamukelekayo. Ngezinye ephakeme isivinini indiza safinyelela 2.2 ayizinkulungwane km / h ezingeni ulwandle, lokhu babengamaphesenti ayizinkulungwane 1.5. Km / h. Umkhawulo ububanzi - ayizinkulungwane 3.3 amakhilomitha, "uphahla" ukuphakama - 18 amakhilomitha.

Izinsiza kusebenza futhi ukwakhiwa kwezikhali

Ngenxa yezizathu ezisobala, ingxenye yangempela imishini ugibelile kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo. Ungakwazi ngokufanelekile ucabange ukuthi ingxenye yayo wayiswa Su-27. Uhlelo lokuhambisa ukusizakala ukuthola idatha real-time kusuka iziphuphutheki lempi. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izindiza esihlalweni ejection eyayibekwe imodeli K-36DM, futhi uhluke kakhulu kusukela ejwayelekile onobuhle ukukhiqizwa. Iqiniso lokuthi emuva zakhe sise 30 ° kuya ovundlile.

Lokhu kwakwenzelwa abashayeli lalingabulawa kalula ukuhambisa sindisa omkhulu owenzeka phakathi ikhuluma okukhulu ngesivinini kakhulu. Ngokusho idatha etholakalayo, nezinye zokulawula zithathwa ngokuqondile nabanye ababelwela zendawo, futhi njengoba "donor" uvame esetshenziswa Su-27.

Njengoba indiza kwaba zokuhlola kuphela, wayengabhekiseli ethwele izikhali ngokomthetho (noma ulwazi mayelana nalo imfihlo). Nokho iphiko ku ukuthutheleka kwesokunxele ngokucacile indawo ebonakalayo ngaphansi inganono okuzenzakalelayo (kunobufakazi bokuthi ku-prototype yayo yonke isethi efanayo), futhi phakathi kwalesi sikebhe has a ivulekile gumbi ibhomu kwezikhali. Ososayensi futhi kwezempi kusho izakhamuzi ngazwi linye bathi iphrojekthi okuphishekelwayo kuphela ihlolwe izimfanelo ezindizayo lolu hlobo imishini, kodwa ngenxa yesimo esithile izikhali eziyingqayizivele bekungakabhekwana abagibele Su-47 "Berkut". Kungani shaqa iphrojekthi, eye yazibonakalisa ethembisa ngempela kakade?

Ngenxa yalokho iphrojekthi yavalwa?

Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa esebenzayo kwalesi sibonelo waqhubeka kwaze kwaba maphakathi nawo-kowezi-2000. Le phrojekthi yavalwa ngoba ekuqaleni kuhlelwe ukwenza umshayeli. Zonke izinto eziye beyiqongelele ngokuhamba misebenzi ngempela elingenakuqhathaniswa. iphutha Global ukucabanga ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi fighter sesihlanu. Su-47 "Berkut" - sibonelo sakhe kuphela, kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho, vele sesiyazi ukuthi emaphakathi ibhomu bay cishe nsé nalezo zakamuva PAK FA. Ngokuqinisekile zokugcina wabonakala hhayi ngephutha ... kuphela wezempi ukwazi ukuthi inani elifanayo imibono lobuchwepheshe kanye izindiza izosetshenziswa esikhathini esizayo. Ungasebenzisa kuphela qiniseka ukuthi kuyoba eziningi.

amathemba esikhathi esizayo

Naphezu Ukuvalwa theory yephrojekthi, model of the Su-47 "Berkut" namanje kubangela mpikiswano eshubile ngezisetshenziswa basekhaya nabamazwe angaphandle: ochwepheshe bathi kukhona amathemba kwalolu hlobo imishini. eziphindwe kazinkulungwane ngokucophelela ngobuhle nangobubi bawo yaleli su kwaxoxwa. Futhi kukhona namanje akukho ukuvumelana ngalokho ulinde izindiza ezifanayo esikhathini esizayo: noma ukuqedela lokulibala, noma ukudluliselwa zonke BBC World ku inqubo efanayo. Abaningi bayavuma ukuthi siyini isithiyo esikhulu ukuze ushintsho olunjalo emhlabeni wonke kuyasiza ngiyaphupha izinto futhi ukuchwepheshe obusetshenziswa ukudalwa "Berkut".

Sekukonke, iphrojekthi kungenzeka kubhekwe yimpumelelo. Nakuba Su-47 "Berkut" futhi wawuyinhloko-eyandulela (nakuba awazi) fighters zakamuva, inkinga "igundane emhlophe", esho babhekana lolungenamaphutsa. Ngakho, kulo eziningi ukusebenzisa-e ezintsha, zonke zazo namanje oluthathwa. Mhlawumbe, ekuthuthukiseni ngezinto zokwakha kanye ukunciphisa izindleko inqubo yokudala ezinye polymers eziyinkimbinkimbi, sizokwenza futhi ubone le izindiza enhle esibhakabhakeni, ngempela okusikhumbuza emseni inyoni edla inyama empumalanga.