Amalungu aphikisayo: izinzuzo nezinkinga

Amalungu amasha ayenziwe izingxenye ezikhethekile. Isibopho esinjalo esinzima kunzima ukuhlukanisa. I-rivets ngokwayo yenziwe ngamapulasitiki.

Isakhiwo

Amalungu aphikisayo anezici ezintathu:

• Izingxenye ezimbili zezingxenye zokujoyina;
• Rivet.

Into yokugcina ifakwa emigodini ekhethekile, etholakala emaphethelweni wezingxenye ezizojoyina. I-rivet iphethe izingxenye endaweni efunayo. Kulesi simo, isici sokuqinisa sinesakhiwo esilandelayo:

• Umzimba;
• Induku;
• Inhloko ye-Mortar - isebenza ukwakha umkhiqizo wesikhathi esizayo;
• Ukuvala ikhanda - okwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokujoyina izakhi ezimbili.

Inombolo enkulu yama-rivets asetshenziselwa ukuqinisa izingxenye ezinkulu. Kulesi simo, uxhumano oluqediwe luzobizwa ngokuthi umcibisholo okhishiwe.

Izicelo

Kuze kube khona ukuhanjiswa kwezingxenye eziphezulu ze-welding izingxenye ezikhishweyo zazisakazwa kabanzi. Njengamanje, lisetshenziselwa kwezinye izindawo zobuchwepheshe. Izingxenye ezivundayo zezingxenye zisetshenziselwa ekwakhiweni kwezindiza, imikhumbi, imikhumbi yamanzi, kanye nezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene eziphezulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusetshenziselwa ama-rivets wokujoyina izakhi zokwakha, njenge-I-beam, isiteshi, ikhoneni. Basiza ukumelana nemithwalo eguquguqukayo yokudlidliza. Amalungu amasha asetshenziselwa ukuhlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zempahla. Isibonelo, ukuqinisa imikhiqizo evela ku-alloy iron iron nge-aluminium sheet.

Amalungu amasha. Izinzuzo kanye nokungalungile kwendlela yokubopha

Phakathi kwezinhlangothi ezinhle kukhona:

• Ukubulawa okulula kwezobuchwepheshe;
• Ikhono lokuhlanganisa izinsimbi ezihlukene;
• Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kokuxhumeka;
• Iphikisana nemithwalo yokudabuka nokushaqeka.

Kodwa-ke, njengalezo zonke izingxenye, kunezimo ezithile ezingalungile, phakathi kwazo okulandelayo:

• Ukuze udale isibopho esithandwayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa imali eningi;
• Kudinga izindleko zomsebenzi ezibalulekile;
• Izindleko eziphakeme;
• Amalungu ahlangene angabhujiswa ngenxa yobubanzi obungalungile bemigodi esemaphethelweni wemikhiqizo;
• Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuqina kwesibambisene kuncishisiwe.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezingxube ezifakiwe, njengoba ngamunye wazo kusetshenziswa embonini ethile.

Riveting: ngezigaba

Lolu hlobo loxhumano luhlukaniswe ngokuvumelana nalesi simiso:

1. Inhloso yokusebenza. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlanganisela, izinhlobo ezintathu eziyinhloko zihlukaniswa: iziqine zisebenzisela ukubamba imithwalo enkulu; Okuqinile, okuqinisekisa ukuqina; Kuhlangene - yenza yonke imisebenzi.

2. Umklamo wezobuchwepheshe we-seam. Isihlanganisi singagqokwa futhi sine-welded. Umbono wokugcina uyenziwa usebenzisa okukodwa noma ngaphezulu kokugqokwa.

3. Inani leziqephu. Le nkhomba ibonisa inani lezinkampani ezidlula ku-rivet eyodwa ngaphansi kwesenzo somthwalo. Ngokusho kwalesi simiso, ama-riveted joints one-and multi-cut. Inani labo alikhawulelwe.

4. Inombolo yemigqa ekhonjiwe. Zingaba eyodwa, ezimbili, ezintathu, njll. Ubuningi abukhawulelwanga.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ama-rived joints asetshenziselwa izimboni ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimpikiswano. Ngaphezu kwezinkomba ezingenhla, lezi zinhlobo zihlukaniswa ngokwezimo zamakhanda okufa:

• I-Semicircular;
• Imfihlo;
• I-Half-imfihlo;
• I-Cylindrical.

I-Rod

Ngendlela yayo yizinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• Okuqinile;
• I-Hollow (ibe nomgodi odabula);
• Isigamu-esingenalutho - induku ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili: enye iqinile, enye ingenalutho.

Ukwaziswa okuyisisekelo mayelana nezibopho nezinsimbi kuqukethwe emibhalweni yokulawula. Ukufanisa ama-riveded joints of GOST 10303-68 kufaka ukuphakama okukhulu kwe-rivet. Lapha ububanzi bayo, ubude bomzimba nenduku kubhalisiwe, kanye nohlobo lwekhanda.

Izinto zokwenza

Izinto eziyinhloko zokwenza amakhemikhali afakwe amakhemikhali aphansi-carbon, izinsimbi ezingezona zensimbi, kanye namanye ama-alloys. Naphezu kwalokhu, impahla ngayinye inezidingo eziqinile:

• Ukuze lula ukufakwa komkhiqizo, indaba kufanele ibe yiductile.
• Izinto ezidingekayo kufanele zibe nesimo esifanayo sokwandisa lokushisa. Uma le mfuneko ingafinyelelwanga, ukucindezeleka okungeziwe kuyokwenzeka ngezinguquko zokushisa. Ekugcineni, ama-rived joints azowa.
• Izinto ezidingekayo kufanele zihambisane. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze i-galvanic yamanje ingabhubhisi ukuxhumana. Isibonelo, ngokufaka izingxenye zensimbi zokuqinisa, kusetshenziselwa ama-rivets ensimbi, izakhi zethusi - ithusi, njll.

Imithwalo

Amvume avunyelwe njengomphumela wezivivinyo eziningi nokuhlolwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bafundiswa ngokucophelela ngabachwepheshe. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zemithwalo: ukucindezeleka kwe-shear, ukuphazamiseka nokuchoboza. Ngolunye uhlobo lensimbi, lezi zikhombisi ziyahlukahluka komunye nomunye.

Uma usebenzisa izakhi ezimbili ezivela e-low-carbon steel, umthwalo ovunyelwe umthwalo awufanele udlule i-MPa engu-150, futhi ukucindezeleka kwezingubo akufanele kube ngaphezu kwe-MPa ayi-100.

Kumele uqaphele ukuthi lezi zikhombisi zakhiwe hhayi nje kuphela ezakhiweni ezixhunyiwe, kodwa futhi neziqu ze-rivets. Kuzo, kukhona imithwalo yabo evumelekile. Isibonelo, ngemikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-carbon steel, ukucindezeleka kwekhanda akufanele kudlule i-MPa eyi-100. Ukuchoboza, akuyona i-MPa engaphezu kwama-300.

Imithwalo evumelekile yezinto zixhomeke endleleni yokwenza imigodi emikhiqizweni. Uma kukhona i-voltage ephezulu, izimbobo kufanele zenziwe ngokugaya.

Endabeni yokwehliswa kwesikhashana komkhiqizo, imithwalo evumelekile inciphisa ngo-20%. Kwezinye izimo, isibonelo, nge-rivet ebandayo, lesi sibalo sinciphise ngo-30%.

Izincomo zokukhiqizwa kwamajoyini ahlosiwe

Le mithetho yokwakhiwa kwamajoyina yasungulwa ngabachwepheshe abaqeqeshiwe kakhulu. Zibonakaliswe ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa ebhokisatri, kanye nokusebenza kokuxhumana. Ngakho, phakathi kwabo kukhona:

1. Izingxenye ezixhunyiwe kanye nama-rivets kufanele zenziwe ngezinto eziqinile, ezifanayo.

2. Ama-rivets kufanele anikeze inani elincane lokunciphisa phakathi kwezinxenye. Ngenxa yalokhu, njengomthetho, ngisebenzisa indlela ye-chess yokuqinisa.

3. Ukubonakala kokuguqa kwezinto eziyinhloko zokwakha kufanele kugwenywe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ama-rivets ahlelwe eceleni kwe-axis edlula phakathi kwezinto ezixhunyiwe.

4. Ngomunye owodwa ohlangene, izakhi ezinamaritha ahlukene angeke zisetshenziswe.

5. Ukuze ugweme ukuguqula izingxenye ukuba zihlangane, inani lezimpikiswano kumele okungenani libili.

6. Inani lezinto ezihlangothini olulodwa akumele libe ngaphezu kwezintathu. Ngokukhulisa le nkomba, amandla omkhiqizo azokwehla.

7. Ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-butt, ama-rivets angaphezulu kufanele asetshenziswe kunokuhlanganyela okuhlanganisiwe.

8. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuqina. Ngalesi sizathu, i-glue ekhethekile noma upende isetshenziselwa amaphuzu e-rivet, atholakala ngosizo lwe-flame spraying.

9. Ngemva kokulungisa izingxenye, isheke senziwa.

10. Inani lezinqola lixhomeke kumklamo ohlanganyelwe ohlangene.

Lokhu kuxhumano akuvamile kakhulu namuhla. Kwakuseduze ngokuphelele ukukhishwa. Noma kunjalo, lisetshenziselwa ukukhiqizwa kwezindiza, imikhumbi, kanye namanye amadivaysi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko ziyizikhwepha eziphezulu zokuhlanganiswa okuhlanganisiwe nokulula. Kodwa-ke, ukuyisebenzisa, udinga ukuchitha inani elikhulu lensimbi. Ngakho-ke, lolu hlobo loxhumano lubiza futhi luvutha isikhathi.

Isiphetho

Amalungu ahlangene akhona eziningana eziningi. Izinhlobo nezinhlamvu eziyinhloko ze-rivets zichazwe emibhalweni evamile. Uhlobo lwento luxhomeke embonini esetshenzisiwe. Ukufakazi kudinga ukukwenziwa okuqondile. Ukuphambana okuncane kakhulu emgodini womgodi kungaholela ekubhujisweni komkhiqizo wonke. Uma zakhiwa, kubalulekile ukunamathela emithethweni ethile eyahlanganiswa ochwepheshe ngenxa yeminyaka eminingi yokubala nokuhlolwa.

Ngakho-ke, sibheke okuyizinto eziphawulekayo zalolu hlobo lokuxhumana.