Steel 95x18: izici, ukubuyekezwa, ukwelashwa kokushisa nokukhiqizwa kommese

Kunezinhlobo ezehlukene zama-steels, ngasinye esinezinzuzo nezenzalo zayo. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi iyiphi insimbi yokuthenga lokhu noma leyo mkhiqizo, ukuze ihlale isikhathi eside ngangokunokwenzeka.

Steel jikelele

I-geometry yensimbi yensimbi ihambelana ne-geometry yayo, kodwa ngokuyinhloko isakhiwo sensimbi, ehlangene nokwakheka kwayo kanye nokwelashwa okudingekayo, okwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokwenziwa komshini. Kuyinto inhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ezichaza ukuthi inani elikhulu lemikhiqizo yama-steels nemikhiqizo eqedile. Njengoba kunezinto eziza kuqala kuzo izici zemikhiqizo yensimbi (ngezinye izikhathi amandla kuphela ayadingeka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-plasticity kuphela), okokuqala i-steel ikhethiwe ngokusho kwamakhemikhali awo, futhi ithola izindawo zokugcina ngokuqhubekayo.

Inhlanganisela yezimfanelo

Izindlela zokucubungula zikhethiwe ngokunembile ngangokunokwenzeka kwengxenye ngayinye, futhi uma kunesidingo futhi ingxenye encane yayo. Bathembele, njengokungumthetho, endaweni yokwakhiwa kwesigaba nokuthi yikuphi okuhlangenwe nakho okukuhlangenwe nakho (ukungqubuzana, okunamandla, ukwelula, ukucindezela). Ukuqhubeka kulokhu, imigomo nayo isethelwe: ukufeza ukuqina, i-plasticity, noma inhlanganisela yalezi zimfanelo. Thola ubunzima obufanayo, amandla, i-ductility ingaba ngama-steels ahlukahlukene okwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali, kodwa anganikeza imiphumela enganelisayo ngezinye izindlela. Kodwa uhlobo olufanayo lwensimbi lungasetshenziselwa izingxenye ngezinhloso ezihlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, ku-pirmer, i-95x18 yensimbi ingaba isisekelo sokwenza izingxenye ezihlukahlukene, kodwa ngezidingo ezifanayo zamandla nokuqina kade. Lezi zinto kanye nezingxenye zingahlukahluka: ama-bushings, ama-axles, ama-bearings, kodwa insimbi ibonisa izici zayo ezinhle uma wenza ukuzingela.

Izici kanye namakhono

I-95X18 ingenye yezisebenzi ezinhle nezisebenzayo ezisetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemimese ngokusebenza ngokuqinile. Njengomthetho, lezi yimikhiqizo yabazingeli. Abantu abanikela okwenziwe ngamakhiwe avela kulo mkhiqizo bangakhetha hhayi ngengozi. Ngisho nangaphandle kokungena ebuqili besayensi yesensimbi, basiza ekufundeni kangcono imimese kusuka ensimbi ye-95x18 yokubuyekezwa yabanye abasebenzisi, lapho ungaqonda khona okuningi. Okuthiwa: lokhu kuyisici esihle kakhulu semikhiqizo enjalo.

Bazitholile ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali nezindawo zaleli alloy akudala. Kodwa ukuthandwa kwalo okukhulayo kukhuluma ngokubanzi ngamanani aphezulu alezi zinto. Ukusebenza nale nsimbi yizinkampani ezinkulu kakhulu, njengoba zingenangqondo kakhulu, zibhekene nezinkinga ezinjengokushisa noma ukushiya okwanele. Lokhu kudinga abantu abanolwazi oluhle lwe-steelmaking nemishini yesimanje yesimanje, okungavunyelwa kuphela yinkampani esebenza ngokusebenza ekwakhiweni kwemimese noma eminye imikhiqizo yensimbi.

Ukwakha ukwelashwa

Ukuba khona kwe-chromium ekubunjweni kwayo kwamakhemikhali kubeka insimbi enamandla kakhulu ochungechungeni lwe-corrosion-resistant noma engenasinakha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-95x18 yensimbi yenzelwe ukwakha. Kunoma isiphi isakhiwo sensimbi, le nqubo "yindlela yokwelashwa" yezifo eziningi, okujwayelekile kakhulu kuzo zonke izifo, ukugcwalisa i-pore ngezidakamizwa eziyingozi ze-hydrogen, i-oksijeni, futhi, nakanjani, izithuba (i-athomu ayinalo indawo eyenza isikhala). Ngaphezu kokuthi "izifo", ukwakha kusiza ukuqeda ukwehlukaniswa kwamakhemikhali kanye ne-dendritic, ngokuqinile kakhulu "kugcwalise" zonke izimolekyuli. Njengoba kunesakhiwo esiqinile, ukugaya okusanhlamvu kwensimbi kwenzeka. Lokhu kukuvumela ukwandisa uductility, ngaphandle kokunciphisa amandla. Ngemuva kwalokho, inensimbi yezici ezingu-95x18, ezikwazi ukubhekana nemithwalo emikhulu ngisho nokugoba.

Ukuma kommese akubalulekile nakancane

Izici zokuklama kwemikhiqizo yokusika zihlanganisa futhi zandise ukusebenza. Bahambisa ngokufanele umthwalo bese benza ukusetshenziswa kommese kulula futhi kulula. Lapho ukhiqiza i-blade, ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa ekujuleni, ubukhulu, indlela yokukhalipha ekugcineni kanye nendlela yokuhlanganisa isibambo. Ngamunye walawa maphuzu unezimo eziningana okuningiliziwe. Bandisa ukwanda futhi bakhulise inani lobuciko lomkhiqizo. Kuncike ngokuqondile ebunzini be-blade kanye nekhwalithi yokusika. Umnciphisa umbala, kungcono ukuthi benze umsebenzi omncane.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza

Insimbi engu-95x18, imimese etholakala ngenqenqemeni elinamandla kakhulu futhi engagubuki, kufanele ihambe ngezigaba eziningana zokucubungula. Umsebenzi uqala ngokukhiqizwa kokunciphisa okuncane, okukhishwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokufakelwa (i-preform ishisa ukushisa kuka 885-920 degrees Celsius futhi ibanjwe amahora angu-1-2). Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungashiseli insimbi. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, umsebenzi wokusebenza awusekho ngaphansi kokucubungula okuqhubekayo. Ngemva kokuba ama-olives asebekhulile asekulungele ukufaka. Ipuleti yesayizi elungile yenziwa kuwo. Izibonelelo ze-Plus zinikezwa ukushisa (ukuqinisa, ukugaya). Ngemuva kokuphela kokufakelwa, i-workpiece isheshe ihlile emafutheni enjini. Lokhu kuthiwa kunzima. Ngalesi sigaba, insimbi ine-brittleness ephakeme kakhulu, futhi uma ingasusiwe, insimbi izoncibilika njengengilazi enegalelo elincane. Mhlawumbe, ngezinye izikhathi umsebenzi wenkosi ongenalwazi uyabonakala, kodwa ikakhulukazi insimbi engu-95x18 Uthola impendulo enhle kubathengi. Inqubo yokufutheka iyashisa ngomshini wokusebenza, kodwa kakade kuya emazingeni okushisa aphansi - kuphela kufika ku-200-300 degrees Celsius.

Ukwakhiwa kwe-Edge

Umngcele wokusika womese uthola ukuma kwawo ngamaqoqo amabili. Indlela yokuqala ivumela ukuthola ukulinganisa okuqala kuphela, okwesibili - okunembile kakhulu. Ngokushesha ngemva kwekhefu lokuqala, ukukhishwa kokugcina kwenziwa . I-blade emshinini isetshenziselwa ubukhulu obufunayo. Steel 95x18, ukwelashwa ukushisa Okudlula ngezigaba ezine, kuthatha izakhiwo zokugcina emva kokushisa okwesibili, lapho zonke izingcindezi zisuswa - kanti insimbi iba njengeplastiki ngangokunokwenzeka. Ukuze wenze lokhu, umshini oqediwe ugcinwa ekushiseni kwama-degree angu-150 amahora angu-1-2. Ukupholisa kwenzeka emoyeni. Ukubamba nge-asidi kungasetshenziswa ukuhlobisa i-blade ngamaphethini ahlukile.

Ukunakekela imimese

Naphezu kobunzima bawo namandla, insimbi ingaphansi kokubhujiswa okuncane. Yiqiniso, le nqubo ihlala engaphezu kweyishumi nambili noma iminyaka eyikhulu, kodwa ingancishiswa okungenani, ukusheshisa ngokunakekelwa okungalungile.

Insimbi engu-95x18, enokubunjwa kwayo okwenyuka kokuqukethwe kwe-chromium, ihlukaniswa nokuphikiswa kwayo kokushisa, okwandisa ukuphila komsebenzi. Imikhiqizo evela kulo nayo inezici, kodwa noma kunjalo insimbi ngokwayo kanye nezici zesakhiwo sommese zidinga ukwelashwa okucophelela.

• Imithwalo yemishini . Ungasebenzisi ummese ngezinhloso ezithile. Imithwalo eyenzelwe isibambo, umphetho kanye ne-blade kungabhubhisa izinto eziningi, kufaka phakathi izinto eziqinile kakhulu (izinkuni, ucingo, njll), kodwa ukuhlobisa nokuvinjelwa kwekhasi kuyoba ngowokuqala ukuhlupheka.
• Umswakama, umswakama, imvelo esebenzayo. Naphezu kokuthi insimbi engu-95x18 yokuqina kokushisa, ukuxhumana okude isikhathi eside nesisombululo esinomqondo osawoti ophezulu kuyathinta kakhulu indawo. Njengokuhlala isikhathi eside endaweni enomswakama.

Ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza imimese, kanye nezinye izinto zensimbi, kuncike ku-GOST, amabalazwe wezobuchwepheshe nemilayezo. Lezi zintwanyana ziye zaziswa kakhulu eRussia kuphela. Kulula nje ukuncintisana nemikhiqizo yangaphandle futhi eziningi zazo ziphakeme emingcele eyisisekelo. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, imikhiqizo yenkosi ngayinye inehlukile. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi ukusebenza ngensimbi akuyona nje inqubo yezobuchwepheshe, kodwa ikakhulukazi ukubizwa.