Izinsiza eziphilayo yoLwandle uBarents: izici, izici nezincazelo

ULwandle uBarents itholakala izingxenye elisogwini Arctic Ocean futhi awashe Norway neRussia. Igama layo ke etholwe 1853 uWillem Barents, owayeneminyaka Itilosi Dutch. Lolu cwaningo lokhu umzimba amanzi saqala ngo-1821, kodwa kwebalingisi lokuqala eliphelele lalakhiwa kuphela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Kodwa siyini ekhetheke ngakho futhi yiziphi izinsiza begazi Sea uBarents?

indawo

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, uBarents Sea - Emaphethelweni ocean encane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, okuyindawo ahlukaniswa esiqhingini (Spitsbergen, Vaigach, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zemlya kanye Bear). Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is izungezwe ezilwandle ezimbili - White futhi Kara. Southwest Waterfront kakhulu sihlehliswe, inezinto eziningi Amawa nasemathekwini Fjord, aphakeme zazo kubhekwa Varangian, Porsangerfjord uKola futhi Motovsky. Kodwa ukuya empumalanga isimo siyahluka kakhulu: ogwini kuba aphansi futhi kancane sihlehliswe. Usebe lwesiqhingi ephansi, i-ngobukhulu babo - Khaipudyrskaya, Czech futhi Pechora lip. ULwandle uBarents engacebile kakhulu kulesi siqhingi. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kuyinto esiqhingini Kolguev.

Hydrology

Imithombo yamanzi oLwandle uBarents njalo agcwaliswa yimifula ezimbili ezinkulu - kuyinto indigo futhi Pechora. Amanzi olwandle, okungukuthi, ubuso bayo njalo kunyakaza. Ngulona logeleta kumbuthano kwewashi. Abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi kolwandle, ososayensi bathola isimiso imisinga. Izinguquko kulezi thuthuva singenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya amanzi exchange nabanye ezilwandle, futhi kusukela izinguquko isiqondiso somoya. Ithonya elikhulu kakhulu ugu ingxenye oyisakazayo-olwandle imisinga. Balance oLwandle uBarents futhi isekelwa emanzini wezilwandle ezizungezile. Umthamo inani lamanzi ukuthi idluliswe phakathi konyaka, ilingana ¼ uketshezi Imininingwane kule ndawo.

idatha geological

ULwandle uBarents amanga eshalofini ezwekazini. Iyahlule amadamu efanayo ukuthi ivamile impela kule ka 300-400 amamitha ukujula, kodwa isilinganiso kubhekwa - 222 m, futhi esiphezulu - 600 m phansi landscape ehlukahlukene :. Lapha ungabona plain (Central Plateau) nokucindezeleka (Central, ukujula esiphezulu - 386 m) kanye awalethe (Perseus esiphezulu ukujula - 63 m), kanye umkhombe (West, 600 m in ukujula, futhi Franz-Victoria - 430 m). Cover phansi engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-ogxile sandy, ngezinye izikhathi ungathola amatshe kanye amatshe. Ezingxenyeni ezingaphakathi enyakatho nasenkabeni odakeni ezivamile futhi isihlabathi. Kuzo zonke izinhlangothi futhi kukhona admixture we doti, ngoba kukhona ezifakwa ezivamile lasendulo glacial.

sezulu

Isimo sezulu kule ndawo kuthonywa ezimbili okuphambene ezimweni izinga lokushisa kolwandle - Atlantic kanye Arctic. Okuvamise enye zasezindaweni efudumele ageleza umoya abandayo, okuholela ukuntengantenga kwesimo sezulu esingesihle. Sichaza ukuthi iziphepho akukhona okungavamile ukuba likhithike lapha. Ukushisa okuvamile kuba ehlukene kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene kolwandle, isibonelo, ngo-February, enyakatho kungaba kuwele -25, futhi eningizimu-ntshonalanga nje -4 degrees. Isimo esifanayo kwenzeka ngo-August - enyakatho - 0 kuya ukubeka +1 degree, eningizimu-mpumalanga - ufike ku -10 Isimo sezulu cishe njalo liguqubele ilanga lungaphuma kuyaqabukela kuphela, bese kuphela amahora ambalwa. Lokhu sezulu wobujamo okusezingeni eliphezulu iciness uBarents. Kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga wake umatasa iqhwa amabhlogo. Ngo-Ephreli, umnkantsha iphakama, okungukuthi u-75% kwesigubhu elalihlala ice elintantayo.

izinsiza eziphilayo yoLwandle uBarents

Izinhlobonhlobo yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene kule ichibi likhulu kakhulu, konke lokhu ophilisa benthos ne-plankton. Benthos - eziphilayo kulencane ezihlala esihlabathini ogwini. Lokhu kuhlanganisa kokubili izilwane nezitshalo. Ngu zoobenthos zihlanganisa starfish, stingrays, scallop, izinkalankala, ukhwathu nezinye. Ngu Phytobenthos kufake tinhlobonhlobo ulwelwe ukuthi sebejwayele ukuphila ngaphandle elangeni. Plankton - ezihlukahlukene zezinto eziphilayo elincane ukuntanta ngokukhululekile emanzini futhi abakwazi ukubonisa okungenani bangafuni agobhoze. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-bacterium, zinhlobo elincane izimila zasolwandle, izimbaza, inhlanzi izibungu ezingenamgogodla. Plant izinsiza yoLwandle uBarents ngokuvamile kulabo ababempofu kakhulu, njengoba itholakala enyakatho e-Arctic. izinyoni ezingavamile noma ezisengcupheni engatholakali. Macroalgae sebuningini izinhlobo (194) siphile elisogwini Murmansk. Ososayensi baye bathola lapha 75 obomvu, 39 oluhlaza futhi 80 zenyathi ensundu.

izilwane zasolwandle

Fish izisetshenziswa uBarents Sea inkulu ngokwanele. Ngakho-ke, kukhona evuthiwe lokudoba. Nakuba ososayensi zibale 114 zinhlobo, kodwa obaluleke kakhulu maqondana zokudoba ezibhekwa 20 babo. Lokhu i-herring, haddock, eyikati, i-halibut, cod, redfish, ulwe, nabanye, kodwa lezi zinhlanzi bakha 80% catch isamba "abazingeli" zendawo. Ukuze eziyizimbangela, baya ogwini yeNorway, futhi ikhule gazinga ebhukuda esikhaleni ulwandle. inhlanzi Arctic nigcwalise kwemithombo yemvelo yoLwandle uBarents. Lokhu liqhakaze cod, i-herring malopozvonochnaya ulwe polar, Greenland i-halibut, ushaka polar kanye aphele. Kodwa ukubaluleka ekhethekile awayona lokudoba.

Ezincelisayo Zasolwandle nezinyoni

izinsiza eziphilayo yoLwandle uBarents nezilwane ezincelisayo sikhukhumale. Basuke zihlukaniswe amaqembu amathathu: pinnipeds, izilwane zasemanzini ezincelisayo kanye inyamazane. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka zihlanganisa ihabhu uphawu noma ihabhu uphawu, ulwandle hare isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula ringed seal, njll Ukuze yesibili - .. Beluga, Belobokov ihlengethwa bekha, ihabhu whale killer whale, njll ngu eyesithathu -. Ibhere ukuthi ngesiRashiya ezisohlwini Red incwadi. Resources oLwandle uBarents phakathi ezincelisayo ezithakazelisayo bedoba, okungukuthi ekubambeni lwezimpawu. Coast kwesigubhu ligcwele inyoni amakoloni, okungukuthi, ezinkulu lokushutheka wamakoloni. Lapha ungathola itiye, kittiwake, guillemot futhi omnyama guillemot.

ngemvelo

izinsiza uBarents Sea nezinkinga zemvelo kuhlobene eduze kakhulu, kusukela ngokweqile Ukungenela komuntu imvelo njalo kungaholela emiphumeleni emibi. Zemvelo zikholelwa kule ndawo uhlukile, ngoba ulwandle bufakazi obucacile emhlabeni Europe kakhudlwana futhi ngeke ukuthole. Kodwa namanje kukhona ngempela inkinga enkulu - ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu zokuzingela. Ukudoba ngokweqile kuholela ukunyamalala zinhlobo futhi ukuphazamiseka ibhalansi jikelele. Norway neRussia baye ngokucijile ukucindezela lephula imithetho ukuthi kuveza imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Enye yoLwandle uBarents ingcebo uwoyela negesi yemvelo. Futhi musa ukusizakala lokhu bahluleka abantu. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile ngempela kukhona kwekhabhoni "igolide abamnyama" e kwabo amanzi, okuyizinto nethonya elilimazayo kakhulu kuwo wonke izilwane.

Futhi ihluke landscape kolwandle. Ngakho-ke, i-International Fund for Nature waxwayisa ngokuthi iphutha kancane ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa noma ezokuthutha izinto zokubasa ezimbiwa phansi kungaholela enhlekeleleni kwemvelo. Uma kukhona izinkinga ezinjalo, iminyaka ngisho 30 nokusebenza kanzima ngeke kwenzeke ukuba aluqede ngokuphelele yonke imiphumela. Phela, isimo sahlanganisa yokuthi okushisa aphansi ungavumeli amagciwane ande, okusho ukuthi yokuhlanza zemvelo indlela akusebenzi nje. Lena into kuwufanele ngicabanga mayelana.

Ngakho, ngo-Sea uBarents - umzimba amanzi esiyingqayizivele, okuyinto kufanele ivikeleke. Le ndawo amumethe izinhlanzi kanye nemithombo yemvelo, kanye nezinye zemvelo eziningi, lezo ulunika ukubaluleka nakakhulu.