Umfula Kama - the owumthelela ezithakazelisayo iningi iVolga

Kama esiphawuleka kunazo owumthelela iVolga. umthombo Its itholakala phezu kwegquma eliphakeme endaweni encane nemizana Verkhnekamskaya Isi-Udmurt Kulig ngaphezu kogu lolwandle ukuba 330 amamitha. Lo mfula 1805 km. Ngokusho incazelo eyodwa, igama emfuleni kule nguqulo kusukela Isi-Udmurt - "Kema" - libhekisela "eside". Isigodi soMfula i-futhi abalulekile futhi izinkulungwane 507 amakhilomitha square.

I owumthelela ezithakazelisayo kakhulu

Kusukela ngo-Udmurtia, kugeleza insimu ka izifunda eziningana futhi republic, futhi, njengoba ehlanganisa Kirov Region, le Perm Territory, Bashkortostan futhi Tatarstan.

Kama River kulo kushintsha embhedeni eziningana izikhathi zakhe. Esikhathini ezihambayo engenhla endaweni ngasenyakatho-ntshonalanga bese ke uphendukela enyakatho-mpumalanga. Eduze nedolobhana Lojna kwenza ube esejika kuya eningizimu. Omningi baba ngemva ihlangana ne Pilv, kanye owumthelela kwesokunxele Kama emfuleni - Vishera - esenza sibe emfuleni ububanzi ezijulile.

Ngesikhathi confluence eVolga, endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi i-Kuibyshev Reservoir Kama wagijima parallel nomfula omude kunayo yonke eYurophu, futhi ahlukaniswe ngayo ngokuyithumela yokhalo enamadwala. Okwamanje, le akuyona umlomo. Ububanzi Kuibyshev kwesigubhu ngesikhathi confluence imifula emibili ebaluleke kakhulu-40 km.

It feeds emfuleni ngokuyinhloko iqhwa, imvula komhlaba. Freeze-up iqala sifinyelela ongenhla emfuleni ekuqaleni kuka November futhi ihlala kuze April. Lapho kwakhiwa semali frost is intrawater ice. Spring ice drift kungathatha izinsuku eziningana noma izinsuku ezingu-15.

Kama kwesigubhu

Kama River emadamini oluhlukaniswe izikhathi eziningana, futhi kulezi zindawo kwakheka isiziba ezintathu ezinkulu. Kama Reservoir kuvele emhlanganweni confluence we owumthelela kwesokudla Urolki. ubude bayo - mayelana 350 amakhilomitha, nobubanzi kuze kube amakhilomitha 14, kuyilapho ukujula kunabo - 30 amamitha. Idamu ngesikhathi Kama amandla kagesi elise edolobheni lasePerm.

HPP edamini Votkinskaya yakha Votkinskoye kwesigubhu. Nge ubude km 365 ke ilingana ububanzi 9 km kanye nokujula enkulu - 29 amamitha.

Eduze kwedolobha Chelny emfuleni Kama ivinjiwe omunye Idamu lwakha Nizhnekamsk Reservoir. ububanzi 20 km, futhi ubude - mayelana 185 km. Kuyinto of 22 metres ekuphakameni ukujula esiphezulu.

Njengoba yayakhiwe enamandla Ural River wendlale emifula cishe 1.5 izikhathi encishisiwe izinga yayo ukugeleza. Ngisho namanzi umthunzi ishintshile: kwaba mnyama futhi ehluke kusukela iVolga.

ukusetshenziswa Engumuntu emfuleni

Kama River kusukela Kuibyshev Reservoir - confluence we iVolga - kuwo umuzi Solikamsk kuyinto imikhumbi. 60 km usuka edolobheni itholakala Kerchevo emzaneni, okuyinto yake lesoplotochnym kugasela esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kodwa wayeka umsebenzi wakhe ngo-1995.

Kusukela Perm phezu mfula engafinyelelwa hhayi kuphela e-Astrakhan futhi Nizhny Novgorod, kodwa futhi eMoscow.

Kama River, ezazidume ngokutshala ubuhle emabhishi ayo olunothile, edonsela eziningi izivakashi abafuna hhayi kuphela ubunyoninco lisebukhazikhazini balo, kodwa futhi ujabulele uhlobo. ethandwa kakhulu amanzi, izintaba, Ukushushuluza kanye nehhashi ogibele emizileni. Esikhathini sifinyelela engenhla Kama isetshenziselwa ukudoba ezemidlalo. Ngokuqondene nalokhu olufanele kakhulu umbuzo lokwehliswa yokungcola amanzi lomfula ngu effluents ezimbonini.