Ubuchwepheshe ikhuthaza zokudala yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe futhi ekukhuleni ngokwengqondo abafundi

uthisha Omkhulu Vasily Sukhomlinsky ukuthi ukuqeqeshwa akufanele kube ukuqongelela evamile yolwazi futhi ngikhonze njengomshumayeli wesikhathi ukujwayeza ingqondo ukukhumbula izinto. Wafundisa nezingane ukuthi ngokubhekisisa, ukucabanga nokucabangisisa amakhono, ungakwazi abe umdali, futhi umuntu othanda ukuvakasha, futhi owathola.

Namuhla, umsebenzi wesikole ukufundisa umuntu yokudala okwaziyo ukucabanga ngokuzimela futhi cabangela enze. Ngakho-ke, othisha abaningi ukusebenzisa izindlela yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe.

Kuyini yokufunda usebenzisa indlela setting izinkinga

Ngaphansi yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe kumele aqondwe lolu hlobo ukuqeqeshwa, phakathi kwesikhathi lapho ukuxazululwa njalo wadala ngezinjongo zokufundisa izimo eziyinkinga. Ngaphansi isimo eziyinkinga ziqondwe nobunzima bayazi, okuyinto ephambene phakathi ulwazi esingilitholile kulabo ukulungiselela kuyadingeka ukuze baxazulule umsebenzi ohlongozwayo. Umsebenzi nge obadalwa isimo inkinga, ibizwa ngokuthi inkinga yenkinga, noma inkinga nje.

S. L. Rubinshteyn, ucabangela lezisekelo ngokwengqondo yokufunda inkinga-based, zavela mqondo ukuthi iyiphi inqubo yokucabanga njalo kuphakamisa isimo inkinga.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi akuzona zonke uhlobo nobunzima, kungabangela isimo inkinga. Ngakho-ke, inkinga ezisekelwe yokufunda nqubo ihilela ukuqonda uhlobo ubunzima. Umfundi kufanele bazizwe ukuthi umsebenzi othize ingenakho ngokwazi ukuthi lithole kakade, kukhona isidingo ukuthola izindlela ezintsha nezindlela senzo. Ngakho, kuba nesidingo ukuze useshe njengenye yezingxenye of ukucabanga.

Kodwa njengoba sekushiwo ngaphambili, inkinga ezisekelwe ofunda ubuchwepheshe inikeza izinqubo yesizukulwane bobuchule umcabango. Ngeke kwenzeke uma Thishela ubeka abafundi ukufinyelela lelo zinga ezithile Izinjongo yokufunda, uma kuvela ukuthi abafundi awakulindele lolu hlobo lomsebenzi. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi abafundi musa ukuphelelwa ukholo ngamandla abo nokuthi abazange balahlekelwe ukufisa kwabo ukuqonda futhi ufunde entsha.

Tifundvo letinyenti tesikhatsi lesidze abonisa ukuthi amasu inkinga yokufundisa siqukethe izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

- ukuqonda isimo inkinga Kuvezwe;

- ukuhlaziywa kwesimo futhi ukuhlonza inkinga ethize;

- isinqumo sayo ngokuthi baziqokele ezizathwini ikhishiwe ukuhlolwa imicabango;

- Analysis ukuqinisekiswa ngesinqumo.

Izindlela eziyinhloko asetshenziswe ukuqeqeshwa elinezinkathazo

Kukhona izindlela ezilandelayo yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe: isitatimende inkinga, heuristic nocwaningo.

Ingqikithi oyinhloko indlela zokubukwa yenkinga siqukethe in ethola izindlela ukucinga abafundi, ukutholakala kanye cwaningo yolwazi olusha. Ngakho kukhona ukulungiselela abafundi i-search ezimele esikhathini esizayo. Futhi, le ndlela isisekelo indlela heuristic, futhi yena, ngokuba ucwaningo.

indlela yokuzifundela inikeza ezimele, search ngobubanzi ehlelelwe izixazululo inkinga ukubeka phambili.

Kodwa maphakathi inkinga ezisekelwe ofunda ubuchwepheshe kususa indlela ucwaningo. Sici Its ekhethekile ukuthi inqubo yokufunda sroitsya abalingisa ucwaningo lwesayensi, kodwa i kufinyeleleke, ifomu lula esengeziwe abafundi.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe

Mhlawumbe akekho ongaphika uquketheni labo babe yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe. Lokhu futhi ekuthuthukiseni ukunakwa, observation, umfundi, futhi ukusebenza kwawo umsebenzi engqondweni yethu, ukucabanga, futhi neyokukhuliswa nokuzethemba, self-ukugxekwa, isinyathelo, umthwalo, ukuhlakanipha, ukuzimisela, ukucabanga ujule. Kodwa okubaluleke kakhulu - yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe ihlinzeka ulwazi okuqinile, okuyinto akhiqizwa bebodwa.

Omunye nemiphumela ethile engathandeki yokuqeqesha okunjalo kungaba ngokuthi nobunzima ukuthi nakanjani kuphakama ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa. On isinqumo zezinkinga inkinga tidzinga sikhatsi lesinyenti. Yiqiniso, umfundisi kumele kube enekhono asendabeni uqobo, njalo bathuthukise amakhono abo professional, acabangele emsebenzini wabo ngesisekelo ngokwengqondo yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, yokufunda inkinga ezisekelwe iyahlangabezana nezidingo okuphila kwanamuhla, ukuvumela ukukhulisa yokudala, kohlaziyo ukucabanga umuntu.