Isethulo ulwazi kwikhompyutha

Ingabe wake wazibuza ukuthi kuvamile phakathi kwabantu lasendulo, abantu yesimanje kanye computer? Naphezu umehluko, inani sisekhona. Rock imidwebo yomuntu bakudala, ukuqopha abaphila manje futhi ikhodi kanambambili computer - zonke izindlela lokunikeza ulwazi, noma, ngokunembile, kuphela ezinye yohlobo lwazo. Manje, lapho amakhompyutha ziye zaba ingxenye ekuphileni kwansuku zonke umphakathi, wonke umuntu, ukuba sihambisane izikhathi, kungase kudingeke uqonde okungenani imigomo eyisisekelo kanye imiqondo.

Kusukela yaqala ukuba khona, tangcondvomshini esikhundleni izizukulwane eziningana: okokuqala kwaba ngokungeza umshini mechanical ke imodeli isibani, ekugcineni, Semiconductor izinhlobo electronic. Kuyini ezithakazelisayo, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho kwaba ukuqala Computing, izimiso eziyisisekelo esephepheni of the idatha ayizange ithuthuke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukunikezwa kolwazi computer kuyafana e imishini. Yiqiniso, sikhuluma izimiso, hhayi izindlela zokusebenzela. Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi isethulo kolwazi computer has a imvelo kanambambili. Lokhu etshelwe sezifundo zokuqala computer science esikoleni. Yini yasisiza elithi "calculus kanambambili"?

Ake sibale kwabayishumi: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 ... 10. Kulolu chungechunge kwamadijithi eziyishumi, ne uqobo "10" - engekho, ngoba siqukethe ezimbili lula "1" futhi "0". Ukuthunyelwa kolwazi kwenye ikhompyutha. Isebenzisa Izinombolo ezimbili zokuqala kuphela, hhayi nje isithombe sabo, futhi ngogesi: i Transistor, lokhu "isitini" lezifunda zobuchwepheshe besimanje, ungaba izikhundla ezimbili - levalekile. Uma kufakwa phansi asikiwe yayo voltage (osenyameni okungukuthi, iyunithi okunengqondo), khona-ke isici uqhuba kungekho samanje, futhi okuphambene nalokho. Yiqiniso, ngokomthetho nokuhlinzekwa kolwazi computer luyasetshenziswa ku izindlela ezingcono, "1" lingasho kokubili ukuba khona futhi ukungabi khona isiginali. Lesi sakamuva nje kuphela elawula isimo Transistor olulodwa futhi yakha operation logic "KANYE - NOMA".

Logic "0" futhi "1" abizwa ngokuthi izingcezu (idijithi kanambambili - idijithi kanambambili, sibalo). Iqembu ayisishiyagalombili (hhayi eziyishumi!) Amabhithi kuyinto ibhayithi. Ukuhlanganisa ukulandelana kwabo kungaba encode yimuphi uhlamvu. Ngenxa yalokho, i-Byte - iyunithi kulencane kolwazi. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ushintsha oda amabhayithi kungenziwa ngemfihlo (emelelwe ngendlela yedijithali) nanoma yiluphi ulwazi. wekhodi enjalo wenziwa amadivayisi ahlukene, nezinhlelo ze-computer. Ngokwesibonelo, uma sithi "ku-Skype" ngokusebenzisa i-microphone, i-analog isignali kagesi (wave) is kuguquka ikhadi umsindo amaqanda okunengqondo nokusakaza abathandekayo ababedlula emthonjeni hlelo, lapho ushintsho ephambene - igagasi ithunyelwa umthombo umsindo. Ngokufanayo, ngokucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho ku ikhiphedi, umsebenzisi utshela uhlelo wayefisa ikhodi kanambambili, kodwa kube lula kuvele uhlamvu olufunayo esibukweni.

Izindlela lokunikeza ulwazi kwikhompyutha, njengoba sekushiwo, ivumela ukuba encode zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, i-digitizing izithombe isicelo ikhambi ezilandelayo: kusukela kunoma yisiphi isithombe kungenziwa imelelwa iqoqo amaphuzu, ngalinye elikwazi libhekene izixhumanisi indiza, ukukhanya, imibala, kwanele ukuze ujike zonke lezi idatha ku computer ukulandelana kuyaqondakala yabathembekileyo futhi amaqanda. Okulandelayo ukubuka ikhophi imeyili ku isihenqo qapha Uhlelo asithumela Imininingwane idivayisi okukhipha for iphuzu ngalinye, futhi nangokuhambisana isithombe sakhe icanjwe.

Buhle uhlelo kanambambili sibalo kuze kube komunye kuba alula kanye lula "okuhlanganisa" ukuphathwa okhiye electronic. Ingxenye yemali lokhu kwaba isizathu esiyinhloko elisetshenziswa yesimanje zekhompyutha.