Population yokubala abantu - ukuthi kuyini lokhu? Kubalwa kokuqala

Okubaluleke kakhulu ingcebo noma isiphi isimo - abantu, futhi noma iyiphi ingcebo kudingeka ucabangele. Ngakho-ke, ukubalwa kwabantu - akhawunti netinsita letikhona. Sitshele ukuthi ubani abokuqala khumbulani kabusha abantu ngalokho izimiso nezindlela beqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu, yini umlando wabo futhi esizayo eRussia.

Umqondo wokuba kubalwe abantu

Esinye nesinye isigaba sifaka ethize incike abantu bayo. Zinikeza imali yakhe, kodwa futhi zidinga imali esetshenzisiwe efanele. Ukuze kahle ukuhlela ukwesekwa ngokwezimali izwe, isifunda, idolobha, kudingeka wazi ukuthi bangaki abantu abahlala kuzo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi kukhona inani labantu. Lokhu inqubo ihlelwe ngokukhethekile ukurekhoda inombolo zezakhamuzi. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka lembula izici qualitative sabantu, okuyinto ebaluleke for ukuphathwa ingqalasizinda kanye nemisebenzi esifundeni.

Umlando lokubalwa kwabantu emhlabeni

Abaningi yombuso wasendulo olwenziwa kubalwa kokuqala ukuthi uqoqe izintela zabahlali, kanye nokuhlela empini. Ababusi kufanele wazi inani esivezwa engenayo yezezimali umuntu ngamunye, futhi lokhu ngokuyinhloko eyenziwa izibalo sabantu besilisa. Intela ekhokhwa temindeni kanye ibutho waqoqa amadoda kuphela, ngakho-ke kuba ukubala inani namandla ocansini nabantu wawutholakala ikakhulu ngesikhathi kubalwa kokuqala. ERoma lasendulo wenza yokubala abantu njalo, lapho ngezinye izikhathi kwenziwe "ucwaningo" wonkana: nawo wonke umuntu kuleli zwe ekhokhwa zemali bezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, kuye ngeminyaka nobulili babantu. Ukubala zemali eqoqwe avumele ukuba bafinyelele iziphetho mayelana nezici izinga sabantu. NgeNkathi Ephakathi, isiko ezilotshwe encwadini umbhali inani izintela eziqoqiwe kwabanye abantu baqhubeka. Kodwa ulwazi zanqwabelana inani abakhileyo zazinzima ayindlala. Kuphela isibalo samakhaya ukwazi ngoba ababusi ngaleso sikhathi kubalulekile. Ngekukhula ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kanye lamabutho abantu kusuka emapulazini kwaduma olunye ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngenani futhi izici sabantu. Census kuba njalo ngaphezulu, futhi Ukusabalala okukhulu. Kutfutfukiswa izibalo kanye kwabantu kuholela yokuthi ku 19 yokubala abantu ekhulwini uqale olwenziwe kwezesayensi. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka lokuqala uhlobo olusha ubhekwa labantu elatholakala laseBelgium 1846. It amboza wonke labantu abakhona yezwe. Kancane kancane, lesi senzakalo sandile kuwo wonke amazwe. Namuhla emhlabeni akukho nelilodwa izwe lapho okungenani ningesona yokubala abantu.

Umlando lokubalwa kwabantu eRussia

Ngo 9-10 eminyaka izikhulu Russian bawenza yokubhaliswa izakhamizi usebenzisa ukuqoqwa izintela. Ekhulwini le-13 amaMongol ngubani athumba ezweni isiRashiya, babe initiators nokubhaliswa wamakhaya ukubala inani izintela zona ekhokhwa ezifundeni ezinabantu. Ngemva ubunye principalities Russian azungeze eMoscow wasungula kokuqhuba umbhali izincwadi lapho izinombolo ezihleliwe zabantu, emizaneni, amadolobha. Khona-ke izintela athathwa, kuye ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso endaweni eyayithengwe ipulazi. Kamuva kwethulwa ifayela podvorovaya, umuzi ngamunye sabhalwa ngo incwadi ekhethekile. yokubala abantu avamile eRussia kusukela ngekhulu le-17, basuke aphethwe kanye ngemva kweminyaka engu-30. Lapho uPeter Omkhulu esethula inqubo kwamabhuku isimo, lapho njalo eminyakeni engu-20, zathi isibalo sezincwadi amadoda kuleli zwe. Population idatha yokubala abantu isibe ovamile, it ikuvumela ukuba senze ukuqagela, ukukhomba amaphethini. Labo izilinganiso kwakungafanele olunembile njengoba kusekelwe ukulungisa kuphela labo abahlala ababelwa intela. Abantu wesabe ukubalwa kwezimali ezifana ayehambisana nokugcinwa enobudlova zabantu endaweni ye "ukubhalisa", njengoba abaningi bengafuni ukukhokha izintela futhi wazama ukugwema kwabantu ukuze sigweme ukukhokha kubo. Ngemva ukuqedwa serfdom izama ukuthola abantu kuleli zwe, kodwa ngokuqinisekile kwakungenakwenzeka ukuqoqa ulwazi. Kubalwa kokuqala jikelele, okuyinto kubhekwa abesifazane nezingane, kwenzeka kuphela ngo-1897. Lokhu ukubalwa kwabantu kwenziwa ngezizathu ezintathu futhi avunyelwe ukuhlola ngokugcwele sabantu. Abantu babengagcini nje wacabanga, kodwa futhi basonta izigaba ezahlukene, abute imibuto 14 ezahlukene. Census idatha ukucubungula nokushicilelwa kwamaqoqo Imiphumela wathatha iminyaka eminingana.

Census ka nenkathi yamaSoviet

Ngemva inguquko, uhulumeni omusha futhi wanquma azokuqhubela yokubala abantu, lapho ebona ukubaluleka kwalo esimweni. Ngo-1920 kwanqunywa ukuba ukuqhuba yokubala abantu kanyekanye, ukubalwa kwabantu wezolimo futhi wenze irejista amabhizinisi. Njengoba ezindaweni ezithile shikashikana, ukubalwa kwabantu engakaze waqaphela njengoba jikelele. Ukuze afeze lwemibuzo yayo yasetshenziselwa izici 18, okunabileko uhulumeni omusha savusa izakhamuzi imfundo kanye nomsebenzi. Njengoba ukukhululwa kuka izindawo ukwenza lolu cwaningo lokungena eyengeziwe futhi imiphumela yokugcina banikezwe ngo-1921, lapho wembula ukuthi isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke abantu abayizigidi 136,6, babo 15% - .. Emadolobheni, okungukuthi, eRussia lezwakala isimo ngokuphelele nezokulima.

Eminyakeni eyalandela, ukubalwa kwabantu labantu eRussia nge PERIODICITY iminyaka engaba ngu-10. Ngo-1937 kwathiwa eyenziwa omunye "kubizwe" abantu. Futhi kwathi, kuphambene okulindelwe party, labantu elalinamandla lawa, futhi ngokusobala abalulekile, ngoba imiphumela zazigcinwa ziyimfihlo. Ukubalwa kwezilwane okwenziwa entsha olwenziwa ngo-1939. Kamuva, inqubo Ubala abakhileyo kuleli zwe ababange besaba unamathisele ukubaluleka okukhulu, kanye yokubala abantu baqala ukuchitha kancane. Sekukonke phakathi kwabantu 7 lwenziwe kweSoviet Union, zinyanga - ngo-1989, owawuthi esinabantu abangaba izigidi ezingu-286,7 kuleli zwe.

Census we Russia entsha

Nge ngokuwa kweSoviet Union kuleli zwe elisha eziningi izinkinga, ikakhulukazi i imvelo kwezomnotho, futhi ukubala inani izakhamuzi kusuka kuhulumeni nje engakutholi emhlabeni. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka Owokuqala waba ngo-2002, eyabonisa ukuthi abantu abayizigidi ezingu-145 abahlala e-Russia. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka olandelayo ngo-2010 yahunyushwa ngokucophelela futhi abavumelekile ukudalula hhayi kuphela isibalo izakhamuzi, kodwa futhi izici qualitative sabantu. Ngokusho la ukulinganisela, abantu abayizigidi ezingu-142 abahlala e-Russia. Ngo-2014, ngemva nokudliwa eCrimea, ukubalwa kwabantu bendawo owawusedolobheni okusha Territories, eyabonisa ukuthi isibalo sabantu ezweni lonke kukhuphuke ngo-2.2 million abantu.

Izinhloso kanye nezinhloso ze-Census

Census sabantu - kuyinto inkimbinkimbi futhi kumbe eqolo, kungani uludinga? Injongo eyinhloko lokubalwa kwabantu - iyona nje okungaqondile idatha ephelele izici lokubala ubuningi babantu, ezomnotho nezenhlalo sabantu. labantu survey avamile embule Dynamics izinkomba ukubalwa kwabantu, ukuze kutholakale izinga nezinga lokuphila. Ngokusekelwe kulezi idatha, uhulumeni wenza izinqumo emkhakheni inqubomgomo yezenhlalakahle, ukwakha izibikezelo kwezomnotho futhi yakha izinhlelo tekutfutfukisa talelive. Sicabanga ngale migomo kungaba kwenziwe njengoba ucwaningo jikelele, noma kancane, isibonelo, i- the agricultural yokubala abantu labantu 2016. Izinjongo yalezizifundo ukuhlola isimo izingxenye ngazinye kwezomnotho nasemphakathini. Okubalwa unesinye umsebenzi obalulekile - zomlando, bona ukubhala isimo ezweni esikhathini esithile, kukhona indaba eyingqayizivele.

yokubala abantu Amafomu

Kusuka imigomo ngokuqinile isayensi, ukubalwa kwabantu - kuyinto jikelele ucwaningo labantu. Kodwa practice, kukhona ezahlukeneyo eziningana zalokhu nezinqubo. On isimiso idatha ukuthola ukuhlukanisa ulwazi yokubala abantu lapho egcwele amazwi abantu, futhi ezimali yesikhathi esisodwa, lapho idatha yomuntu ithathwe amafomu ahlukahlukene yokubhalisa, isibonelo, amafayela siqu ukuze ehhovisi iphasiphothi. Ngokwe-into cwaningo kungenziwa abelwe yokubala abantu jikelele futhi ngokwengxenye, okuhloswe ngaso ekuhloleni ingxenye ethize. Ngokwesibonelo, ukubalwa kwabantu yezolimo 2016 ngeke kancane nabo babeba ngezikhathi osomabhizinisi yokubala abantu. Samuntu amafomu ukubala futhi kwezibalo, elikhonza ezihlukahlukene izitho, ezifana amakomiti omphakathi. ukuphepha, ezemfundo kanye nezikhungo zezokwelapha.

Izimiso

Population yokubala abantu - ihlelwe ngokuvumelana nezimiso eziqondile futhi izimiso imisebenzi ulwazi-ukuhlangana. Kunemibandela eziningana ezenza nomele yokubala abantu abanokwethenjelwa futhi uvumele ukuthola ulwazi inhloso. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka kufanele kube:

- Universal, okusho yonkhe imikhakha sabantu. Ngokwesiko kufakwe inani amaqembu amathathu lokho ngokunxusa kwabahlali: sabantu uqobo, okusho ukuthi umuntu ukuthi okwamanje endaweni, labantu zomthetho, okungukuthi, fixed nanoma yimiphi imibhalo kule ndawo, njalo, Lowo ophila endaweni eyodwa .... izinyanga ezingaphezu kuka-6.

- owodwa esigabeni - inqubo kumele kwenziwe ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze zimboze okuthiwa akhawunti isikhathi futhi singavumeli ukubala abantu ezindaweni eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

- ihlelwa. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka uqhutshwa phezu, uhlelo olucacile eziklanywe kahle ukunikeza ulwazi nokunokwethenjelwa.

- igama. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka kuyadingeka ukuze umuntu ngamunye ukusingatha izingxoxo zabafuna umsebenzi eceleni.

- Personal. Esikhathini inani idatha umuntu etholwe kuphela izimpendulo zakhe siqu zemibuzo.

Futhi, ukubalwa kwabantu kufanele kube eyodwa, aphethwe ngezikhathi bese ugcine imininingwane yakho eyimfihlo.

izindlela

Kunezindlela eziningana ukuze kutholakale labantu. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka labantu uvame eyenziwa eviyweni, t. E. Ngesikhathi indlu abaphendulayo kushiya abaqeqeshiwe abantu imibuzo kanye igcwalisa ngala mazwi zabantu. Kukhona indlela lwemibuzo, lapho abantu okwaxoxwa nabo uthumele lwemibuzo lapho ugcwalisa yena futhi wabuyela endaweni ukubuthelela ilwazi. Enye indlela yokufeza yokubala abantu - abaqashwayo. Kulokhu, abaphendula imibuzo beze iphuzu wahlomisa ngokukhethekile, futhi kukhona ukuphendula lemibuzo.

yokubala abantu Agricultural 2016

Kanye njalo ngemva kweminyaka 10 labantu elatholakala esiqhutshwa ikakhulukazi eRussia - Ezolimo. It ihlose ukubala inani labantu abahlala ezindaweni zasemakhaya futhi behileleke nakwezamabhizinisi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi wezolimo. Leli yokubala abantu yezolimo 2016 utawufaka hhayi kuphela abantu abahlala emaphandleni, kodwa futhi abanikazi yangasese amapulazi, abalimi, balimi, osomabhizinisi ezindaweni zasemakhaya. Inhloso yalesi sehlakalo ukuqoqa ulwazi olumayelana isimo sangempela emkhakheni wezolimo yezwe.

yokubala abantu esikhathini esizayo

Yokubalwa kwabantu okugcinile, eyenziwa eRussia ngo-2010, iye yazibonakalisa kunalokho kudla isikhathi esengeziwe futhi umsebenzi ebizayo. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni uhlongoza ubambe yokubala abantu esilandelayo ngokusebenzisa i-Internet. Okwenzeka kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu libonisa ukuthi lokhu kuyenzeka. Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka olandelayo kufanele ubanjwe ngo-2020, futhi kulesi sikhathi kulindeleke ukuthuthukisa elilungile zokuvota indlela ezokwenza ukumboza wonke umuntu kuleli zwe. Liphinde kubhekwe umthetho okusalungiswa ukuthi izokwenza iqhaza kumele yokubala abantu. Namuhla, baningana abantu enkulu kwesigubhu, okuyinto ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, linqaba inhlolovo. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni ufuna ongakhetha ukuba uzibandakanye eliningi labantu kule nqubo.