Census wezoLimo: eminyakeni ye-oda. Ministry of Agriculture

Imisebenzi lapho iziphathimandla abanekhono ngeke ukuqoqa idatha ku imisebenzi ye ezintweni ezihlukahlukene zomnotho emkhakheni wezolimo - ngo-2016 umbiko wokubalwa kwabantu wezolimo emikhulu izobanjelwa e-Russia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi selhozperepis - into ukuthi akukusha umlando Russia. izenzakalo ezifanayo yaqhutshelwa izinsuku Russia tsarist. Ikakhulukazi ngenkuthalo ukuqoqa idatha ngesimo selhozperepisi eyenziwa eSoviet Union. Isipiliyoni best of agrarians wase-USSR ingasetshenziswa ekuxazululeni izinkinga zanamuhla yokuqoqa ulwazi, okukhombisa isimo emkhakheni wezolimo. Yiziphi imininingwane selhozperepisey Russian? Yiziphi izici umcimbi, ozoba ngo-2016?

Ingqikithi ezikhona ezolimo kanye umlando ukuziphatha sabo eRussia

Census wezoLimo - umcimbi oluphethwe neziqondiso ezikhethekile weqoqo, kanye ukubhalisa ngendlela ebekiwe ulwazi mayelana isimo kwezolimo kazwelonke. Lo mcimbi aphethwe iziphathimandla zikahulumeni ukuze ithole ukwaziswa mayelana nendlela ukwenza ihlelo ezamukelwe ngu intuthuko kwimikhakha yezolimo, lapho kukhona izinkinga, futhi yiziphi imiphumela yalomsebenti zabalimi ezinkathini ezithile.

Izithombe ephambene ukubalwa yezolimo eyaziwa kusukela ezinsukwini zika eRussia lasendulo. Kunobufakazi bokuthi e imithombo ebhalwe wangekhulu lesi-9 wahlangana irekhodi abanikazi bomhlaba iziza ngenani imfuyo eziye kwadingeka abanazo. It is ukubamba ukubalwa eziningana ezifanayo ekhulwini le-13 ezaziwayo. Ngemva kwalokho, ulwazi imisebenzi abaninimhlaba Russian bahlangana nekhulu le-16 nele-17 ngokusebenzisa umbhali yencwadi. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-17 ngenhloso ezifana yasetshenziswa yokubala abantu izincwadi.

Eyokuqala yokubala abantu emikhulu wezolimo ngomqondo wesimanje owawuse eYurophu eyayiyingxenye yoMbuso wase-Russian e 1877-1878, ngokulandelana. Lo msebenzi kuhloswe ukuba iqoqe idatha ku-akhawunti ehlukile acreage for izinhlobo ezahlukene namasiko.

umcimbi kubalwa kokuqala selskohozyaystvennayakak olusemthethweni owaqhutshelwa e-1916. Tadisha izici zayo.

Selhozperepis 1916

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka yezolimo 1916 usuqinisiwe:

• iqoqo idatha ezidingekayo ukuze inhlangano isimo kokudla e 1917-1918 empini;
• ukuthola imininingwane yezibalo ezidingekayo ukuze uthuthukise umthetho, okuyinto lokulawula sphere wezolimo.

Ukubalwa kwabantu kuka ifomu documentary ngo-1916 kwakufanele ukubonakalisa ulwazi mayelana abanikazi bamazwe, izinkomo, kanye nezindawo kulinywa. Futhi neqhaza idatha amasheya, izinga ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo ezahlukene zokudla.

Idatha lokubalwa kwabantu yezolimo 1916 eziye zanyatheliswa komagazini nenkathi yamaSoviet. Babehlanganisa ulwazi izifundazwe 76 elinabantu abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 104,4 endaweni lapho imisebenzi oda amapulazi kwezigidi ezingu 19.2.

yokubala abantu Agricultural, okuyinto lwenziwe ngo-1916, yabonisa ukuthi mayelana 64,3% izitshalo wokuhlwanyela ukudla matasa mayelana 31,6% - ifolishi. Mayelana 3.5% zensimu matasa oilseeds, 0.6% - nezinye. Cishe 52% of the indawo yokunciphisa zaba ukolweni, rye, mayelana 29% - oats, ibhali. I Ukubalwa kwabantu kwabonisa ukuthi ngayiphi indlela olusezandleni abalimi isiRashiya kwakuwulimi kwezigidi ezingu 55,8 wezinkomo, kuhlanganise izinkomo - 44%.

Ngo 1917-1920, nezinye izindawo eziningana lapho selhozperepisey. Sifunda ulwazi ngawo.

Selhozperepisi ka 1917-1920

Agricultural Census 1917 lwaba isenzakalo esivelele ngobukhulu iyiphi idatha ayeqoqwa isimo emkhakheni wezolimo isimo. It lwenziwe ngokuyinhloko ukudla inhlangano webutho lezempi yezwe.

Njengengxenye idatha yokubala abantu zathathwa kuwo wonke amapulazi, artels nezinye izinhlobo zokuqhuba ibhizinisi emkhakheni wezolimo. Nokho, thina acabangele kuphela labo amapulazi, okwakukhona izitshalo ensimini.

Ngo-1919, ukubalwa kwabantu emkhakheni wezolimo e ubukhulu 10% ngo kohlaka izibonelo zalokho kwenziwa eRussia. It kwenziwa yini ukuze sithole izinguquko umsebenzi amapulazi ngesisekelo ukuqedwa eSoviet uhulumeni isikhungo kobunikazi yangasese, kanye ukwamukelwa yomthetho, owawuthi Izwe liye uhulumeni.

Zonke-Russia has emikhulu yokubala abantu yezolimo 1920. It lwenziwe ukuze bathole ulwazi igunya mayelana nezinguquko kwezolimo ngesisekelo izinguquko ngemva Okthoba Revolution. Imiphumela yalo mcimbi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi isimo abasha baseSoviet usebenze emakhaya abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu 14.2. iziphathimandla zomphakathi obhekene ekufezeni selhozperepisi 1920, eqoqwe idatha inombolo kanye nokusungulwa kwetisebenti emkhakheni wezolimo yezwe, usayizi kwezitshalo endaweni, imfuyo kanye nezinkukhu.

Selhozperepisi eU.SSR

Kamuva, ngemva kokumiswa USSR, lwalumumethe inqwaba isampula yokubala abantu emkhakheni wezolimo. Ngakho, babekwazi kubhekwe izinkomba 2-3, 5, 10% wamakhaya, okuholela imisebenzi esimweni. Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngo-1928 nango-1929 kwenziwa inani kokubili amapulazi wombuso kanye amapulazi collective, futhi ngo-1930 - kuphela uhlobo izinhlangano yesibili. Ngaphansi kohlaka lokubalwa kwabantu olufanele eqoqwe idatha imikhaya ukwakhiwa okuyinto bekwi ezolimo, ngobukhulu izindawo kutshalwa, imfuyo izinombolo, iqoqo elatholakala kwizakhamuzi, ukusebenza ezweni nokuvusa imfuyo.

Ngokuvamile, i-USSR emkhakheni wezolimo ngenkuthalo uphenyo efanele iziphathimandla zomphakathi eminyakeni ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II, ngesikhathi lapho it ihambelana - ngesimo yokubala abantu eside. Eminyakeni 50-80 nazo ziye inani elikhulu imisebenzi.

Manje ake sicabangele indlela selhozperepisi owawuse-post-Soviet Russia.

Selhozperepisi e post-Soviet Russia

Eqinisweni, i-post-Soviet emikhulu yokuqala yokubala abantu bonke-Russian yezolimo kwenziwa eRussia ngo-2006. izinhloso zayo eziyinhloko kwakuyilawa:

• kokwemukela iziphathimandla abanekhono kolwazi isimo begodu nesakhiwo ezolimo kazwelonke, amandla ayo kanye nokutholakala kwezinsiza nentuthuko yayo;
• ukuthola idatha lwezibalo emkhakheni wezolimo komasipala;
• zathuthukisa izindlela kwezibalo yedatha kwezolimo.

Ulwazi on the selhozperepisi abafanele ukuba lisetshenziswe njengeHholo umthombo idatha lapho uhlobo eyalandela. Zonke-Russian Agricultural Census 2006 waba ngowokuqala ukuthi avunyelwe ukuba bahlole isimo kazwelonke wemboni nezokulima we Russian Federation, ukuhlola izinguquko eziye zenzeka kusukela izinguquko wombuso.

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ngokuhamba lokubalwa kwabantu zazisetshenziswa njengezibonakaliso innovative amasu iqoqo idatha kanye izindlela ukuthi engimbumbile phezu ambalwa eminyakeni edlule kwemicimbi efana. Idatha lokubalwa kwabantu wezolimo abangu eyakhupha kusayithi Rosstat.

2016 - Ngokuhambisana RF Uhulumeni Isinqumo № 316, enyatheliswa 04/10/2013, le selhozperepis elandelayo Kwakuhlelwe eRussia. Cabanga ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nakho.

Selhozperepis 2016: ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nomcimbi

Ngakho, i-Ukubalwa kwesibili Zonke-Russian yezolimo eyenziwa ngo-2016 ekuthatheni isinyathelo uhulumeni waseRussia. Lo mcimbi kuhlelwe ukuba wethulwe 2 izigaba. Kusukela ngoJulayi 1 kuya ku-August 15, ukubalwa kwabantu izobanjelwa ezindaweni kufinyeleleke kakhulu eRussia, kusukela ngo-September 15 kuya ku-November 15 - ezifundeni ezikude zezwe.

Ministry of Agriculture, okuyinto unomthwalo ukuziphatha lokubalwa kwabantu ngo-2016, iyona ukuqoqa idatha ku ayizinkulungwane 167,6. Amapulazi ayizinkulungwane 31,4. Izinhlangano Agricultural, ayizinkulungwane 29,6. Ibhizinisi izinhlangano e isimo micro-amabhizinisi, ayizinkulungwane 55. Abalimi isimo SP, imizi engaba yizigidi ezingu-20 eyimfihlo izakhamuzi, kanye lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 80. izinhlangano inzuzo balimi.

Ngamunye izinhlobo abafanele izinhlangano ibhizinisi ungakwazi ukubhekana ezithile izinkinga, eyinqaba kuphela amabhizinisi athile isikali, okuyinto zitholakala endaweni ethize eRussia. Munye walemisebenti selhozperepisi - ukuhlonza emidwebweni efanayo futhi sihlaziye kubo ngokuya ukusebenza ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwenqubomgomo isimo emkhakheni ukuthuthukiswa kwezolimo.

Manje ukufunda emigomweni okumele kubhekwane abahlanganyeli kubhekwe umcimbi.

Imigomo Nezindlela Izinhloso 2016 selhozperepisi

Zonke-Russian Agricultural Census 2016 kuhilela isinqumo iziphathimandla abanekhono izinkinga jikelele, ezifana nalezo ayebekelwe njengengxenye emcimbini 2006.

Ngakho, kufanele:

• ukuqoqa idatha lwezibalo isimo begodu nesakhiwo Agro-zezimboni wemboni we Russian Federation, ku netinsita letikhona kuyo, kanye amandla ayo;
• ukukhiqiza izici eningiliziwe izinhlangano ibhizinisi emkhakheni wezolimo - ukuze ngikwazi ukufunda isu ukuthuthukiswa imboni, ekwakhiweni kwamathuluzi ku emnothweni ke ukuze ivuselele ukuthuthukiswa;
• ukuthola idatha elichaza ezingeni ukulondeka kokudla isimo.

Funda ukuthi abanye izinkomba zokuveza indlela okufanele kuzolungiswa kohlaka selhozperepisi 2016.

Selhozperepis 2016: izinkomba zokuveza

yokubala abantu Agricultural 2016 - umcimbi lapho Ochwepheshe abanekhono ngeke baqoqe:

• mayelana ukubaluleka endaweni eyayithengwe izakhamuzi nezinhlangano impahla isakhiwo nezindlela ngokusebenzisa kwawo;
• ezihlobene ezahlukahlukene nabanamsiko izinto ezihlukahlukene lokubalwa kwabantu;
• Nokuqashwa kwezolimo;
• kwendawo ngaphansi ngezilimo ezihlukahlukene ohlwini ngohlobo;
• imfuyo kanye nezinkukhu - futhi ukuhlanganisa nabanye imibono yabo;
• khona anawo inhlangano kwezomnotho izinhlobo ezahlukene imishini, izinto ezisetshenziswayo kanye nezinye izingqalasizinda ngesikhathi.

Sizokwenza ukufunda kabanzi mayelana nokuthi yini nganoma iyiphi izinhlangano ibhizinisi kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya selhozperepisi ngo-2016.

Selhozperepis 2016: izinto

Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko umthetho kahulumeni ahlukene, abantu ngokomzimba nezinhlangano kungenzeka ibe ngaphansi kwegunya selhozperepisi 2016:

• ubambe ngokuqasha noma usebenzise kwamanye umhlaba phansi, ezisetshenziswa for imikhiqizo yezolimo;
• oluphethe izilwane zasemapulazini.

Abakhiqizi kwemikhiqizo yezolimo ngokuhambisana nomthetho zihlukaniswa izigaba ezilandelayo ejenti kwezomnotho:

• izinhlangano ezingokomthetho;
• amapulazi;
• osomabhizinisi ngabanye;
• amapulazi yezakhamuzi;
• horticultural nakwezolimo Chalet engenzi-nzuzo inhlangano.

Ngakusasa isici esibalulekile lesi senzakalo, njengoba ekhipha umyalo wokuba kubalwe wezolimo - ukulungiselela. Sibheka ke ikakhulukazi kuthinta selhozperepisi 2016 ngaphezulu.

Ukulungiselela selhozperepisi 2016

Indlela lokhu kwenziwe isiqondiso umsebenzi abahlanganyeli lokubalwa kwabantu wezolimo ngo-2016, kunqunywa, njengoba umthetho, ezingeni umasipala othize, kodwa ngokuhambisana nemithetho kahulumeni. Ngakho, iningi ezindaweni komthetho wendawo wasungula ikhomishana okukhethekile selhozperepisi. Ukwakheka yabo ngokuvamile yakhiwa abameleli igunya kamasipala, Rosstat, emkhakheni wezolimo ochwepheshe, abameleli komthetho futhi iziphathimandla asimeme.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi belungiselela selhozperepisi 2016 ezimweni eziningi eyenziwa kusukela 2015. Ngakho, ngesikhathi izenzakalo olufanele kwathiwa bazitshela ukuthi ochwepheshe abanekhono ngempumelelo ukuxazulula imisebenzi efana:

• kumiswa uhlu izinhlangano yebhizinisi idatha bugcogcwe;
• ukuqaliswa yokubala abantu geography - division of umasipala ezindaweni ehlukile futhi okubaliwe izindawo ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kahle kwabasebenzi obhekene iqoqo idatha;
• ukuheha okubhalisa - ukuze udale izinto ohleni olusemthethweni selhozperepisi.

Inqubo for beqhuba ukubalwa kwabantu yezolimo, njengoba kuveziwe emthethweni sokumjuba ukuvikelwa idatha yomuntu siqu kubahlanganyeli mcimbi. Sizokwenza ukufunda lesi ehilelekile ngaphezulu.

Selhozperepis 2016: Ukuvikelwa kwedatha yomuntu siqu iqhaza

Iqiniso lokuthi idatha Census ababambiqhaza avikelekile, njengoba kubonakala kula imithombo eminingana komthetho. Okokuqala, it is a umthetho kahulumeni, owawuthi yokubala abantu sezolimo ihlelwe. Okwesibili, i-Law ehlukene kwi Ukuvikelwa Personal Data.

Ngokuhambisana nomthetho wamanje we Russian Federation ngo umthetho, ulwazi kufakwe ezincwadini yokubala abantu, kumelwe libhekwe njengelingcwele ulwazi lungekho ngaphansi Ukudalula ngokungemthetho. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuyisebenzisa - ukuthumela ezifanele zezokwazisa. Imininingwane idatha yomsebenzisi may iziphathimandla abanekhono kuphela kanye nezinye izinhlangano, okuyinto lokhu sokunene elinikelwe ngumthetho.

Ukucubungula idatha eziqukethwe amarejista selhozperepisi, kufanele kwenziwe uma nje babehlala ayedinga isivikelo - okungukuthi, nokusetshenziswa okunokwethenjelwa yesimanje ukubethelwa kwedatha kanye nokwedluliswa kwamakhono obuchwepheshe. Abasebenzi iziphathimandla ezihilelekile selhozperepisi obeka isandla sakho kukho ngokuhambisana nomthetho hhayi ukudalula ulwazi oluqukethwe ezincwadini yokubala abantu.

Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi imiphumela selhozperepisi - ngesimo lapho nenqubo uzobe bahlangana ubumfihlo bokwaziswa ngalezi noma nezinye izinhlangano zamabhizinisi, izoshicilelwa kamuva - ku ukuphrinta ku-intanethi. Labo noma olunye ulwazi, ukuze engeyena umuntu ongokoqobo zingenalo izinkomba wezolimo ethize.

isifinyezo

Ngakho, siye sacabangela okushiwo umqondo lokubalwa kwabantu yezolimo, umlando idatha imicimbi. ERussia, ukuthuthukiswa komlando izinhlobo eziningi wezoLimo ngenjongo yokwakha inqubomgomo ephumelelayo ukwesekwa kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwaleli State wemboni njalo ukuqoqa idatha ku isimo embonini.

Ngo-2016 e-Russian Federation ebanjwa Ukubalwa kwesibili wezolimo ngemva kokuwa Soviet. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, le misebenzi zazivame nenkathi yamaSoviet: nakho kwalabo izikhathi, umkhuba lokuqoqa ulwazi emkhakheni wezolimo iyasetshenziswa ikhambi ezinkingeni zamanje, setha i-Ministry of wezoLimo nezinye izinhlaka zikahulumeni ukhathazekile.

Ngo-2016, omunye selhozperepisey ngobukhulu izobanjelwa. Iziphathimandla abanekhono ngeke ukuqoqa idatha ku zonke abadlali ezinkulu kwezomnotho komkhakha kwezolimo, futhi ukuze uhlukanise kubo njengengxenye inqwaba izigaba ezahlukene - ukuze kwakhiwe i-data base angasetshenziswa ngenjongo ekuhlaziyweni umgomo wombuso kwezolimo Russian. idatha Ngemva kwalokho selhozperepisi izosetshenziswa abomthetho ukwakha kukleliswe Inqubomgomo komkhakha wakuleli wezolimo nangale imikhakha yezomnotho.