Ijubane ukuthumela idatha ku-intanethi

Inthanethi kalula futhi lizimelele empilweni yomuntu yesimanje, futhi waba ebalulekile ingxenye yalo. Network - ukukhulumisana, umsebenzi, ukwenza izinto zokuchitha isizungu. manje exhunywe okuningi nalo. Ngakho-ke, ukuthuthukisa nezindlela yokuxhuma i-inthanethi, phakathi okuyinto ingashiwo fibre optic, ikhebula coaxial, Wi-Fi kanye 3G. Izinga yokudlulisela idatha kuncike umhlinzeki kanye tariff ekhethiwe. Kubalulekile futhi indlela ukuxhuma kunethiwekhi. Ake sicabangele ezinye zazo ngokuningiliziwe.

Ngaphambi sikhuluma izinga lapho idatha angadluliselwa ku-intanethi, kudingeka unqume ukuthi idatha kulinganiswa. Phakathi ongoti abasebenza ubuchwepheshe bama-computer ne amateur abasebenzisi PC bokutholwa iyunithi yokukala ijubane idatha ibhayithi, kancane. I-International Standard isungule ukuthi unit idatha ukuba kusetshenziswe isiqalo SI. Njengoba kunjalo kubo bonke yokukala, kukhona Ukucaciswa eqondile kancane kancane amabhayithi. Ngakho, megabit ilingana eziyikhulu namashumi amabili nanhlanu-8-bit amabhayithi, kanye amakhilobhayithi engamakhulu amabili nanhlanu amayelana kibibyte yikhulu namashumi amabili nambili. Ngo ezokuxhumana noma amanethiwekhi computer zisebenzisa igama elithi "Megabits" okuyinto ephawula izinga lapho idatha idluliselwa inethiwekhi.

Kodwa imfundiso yokuziphendukela manje kuhlolwe imigqa ekhona ukuthi bayahlukana ngendlela kolwazi yokudlulisela. Ukwabela wireline, ikhebuli engenantambo. Okokuqala esetshenziselwa ukudluliswa kwedatha kwikhompyutha kanye amasignali yocingo. On kubo ihlelwe zeziteshi ukudluliswa kolwazi kokubili analog digital. Ngu ikhebula zokuxhumana imigqa, okuyizinto esebenzayo amanethiwekhi computer, ikhebula zihlanganisa izinhlobo ezintathu: pair ezisontekile (data izinga kuso ivela megabits ngomzuzwana 10 kuya ku-100), coaxial (elisetshenziswa i-Ethernet amanethiwekhi) nolwazi fibre optic ikhebula. Lesi sakamuva uyakwazi adlulisele signal isiqondiso eyodwa kuphela. Kodwa nguye evikelwe kakhulu kusuka kokuthikanyezwa, futhi nokuthungatha uyakwazi ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esiphezulu - kuze kufinyelele gigabits ezintathu ngomzuzwana.

Ukuze uthole amalinki engenantambo zihlanganisa ukuxhumana kwamangqamuzana satellite. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ochwepheshe ukuqaphela ukuthi gomuso fanele kuze ngezimpawu ezinjalo ezazisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni, okuyinto akudingeki izintambo.

3G baye basakaza eRussia ngoba ehola opharetha mobile Beeline, MTS futhi MegaFon. Ukusizakala ukufinyelela kwenethiwekhi, ngokwanele ukuthi ube ngomakhalekhukhwini noma USB-imodemu, olusekela amanethiwekhi oyisizukulwane sesithathu. Ifoni iqala nge-othomathikhi ukusebenza inethiwekhi 3G uma kungaphazamisi isignali ye-GSM. Akudingi ukumisa eyengeziwe. Ukuze kwandiswe rate idatha, idivayisi kumele ushintshele «3G kuphela» mode, okuyinto ikuvumela ukuguqula 3G esibulalayo (imodemu noma umakhalekhukhwini) ikumodi UMTS. Ngenxa yalokho, ngisho nalapho isignali enganamandla kungandisa ijubane thwebula kwemininingwane Inthanethi.

amasignali omsakazo okunjalo ukudlulisa idatha, efana ne-Wi-Fi, i-WiMAX uyakwazi ngokudlulisa ulwazi phezu ibanga amakhilomitha kuze kube ezingamashumi amahlanu, futhi ukuhlinzeka ngesikhathi esifanayo isivinini kuze kube kamashumi ayisikhombisa aphindwe megabits ngomzuzwana.

In the network UMTS, ijubane esiphezulu yokudlulisela idatha ilingana amane nesishiyagalombili amakhilobhayithi ngomzuzwana. Lokhu kwanele ngempela ukubuka web-Amakhasi. Kodwa sibonga ezintsha, lapho HSPA ubuchwepheshe, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i 3,5G. Lokhu high-speed yokudlulisela iphakethe idatha kusuka inethiwekhi iklayenti (HSDPA) futhi kusukela iklayenti kunethiwekhi (HSUPA). Ngosizo lwezobuchwepheshe entsha, ulwazi idluliswe ngesivinini 3.6 Mbit / sec. Akuwona wonke amadivayisi yesimanje usengakwazi ukusebenza naso.

Ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi iphethwe ngosizo izintambo. Le ndlela uxhumano kunethiwekhi kuvamile phakathi abanikazi PC umile. Uma usebenzisa ikhebula coaxial, izinga idatha kungenzeka phakathi namakhulu amabili namashumi ayisihlanu, anamakhulu mahlanu kilobits ngomzuzwana. Uma zisetshenziswa izintambo ezimbili, khona-ke umuntu ithola isignali Baseband, kanti eyesibili - isignali timer. Idatha idluliselwa phezu HDLC format, ehlanganisa ngaphandle ulwazi mayelana ekuqaleni nasekupheleni umyalezo, kanye nolwazi control.