Isabelomali Federal - ke ... uMthetho the Ibhajethi Federal

Noma yimuphi nezinzuzo zezenhlalo, izikhungo ukwakhiwa kabusha engenzi-nzuzo imvelo, nezinye izenzakalo eziningi ukubaluleka kazwelonke kakhulu inxephezelwa Umcebo kazwelonke. Ukwakheka kwabo nokuhlelwa kwezinhlangano - inqubo kunzima isikhathi, futhi kuwo sizozama ukuqonda lesi sihloko.

Umqondo isabelomali sikahulumeni

Isabelomali federal - kuyinto yengcebo eyisisekelo kunoma isiphi isimo, okuyinto irherho elihle letjhebiswano esekelwe imali saziso, okuyizinto ingxenye ebalulekile izimali zikahulumeni. Umcebo kazwelonke yezimali ngo kohlaka lasungulwa kuthatha izici eziyisisekelo kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe, kuzo ivelele iziqondiso eyinhloko izimali esizayo kanye nezindleko.

Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, federal Isabelomali Russian Federation lucwaningo imisebenzi ebalulekile yokuziphilisa kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo:

• ikhuthaza izinqubomgomo sakhe ngekwemiva netenhlalo;
• alawule izinqubo zomnotho kuleli zwe;
• ithatha ingxenye ukuhanjiswa GDP futhi engenayo kazwelonke;
• elawula ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali.

Njengoba singabona, imisebenzi kuleli instrument yezimali kwanela, ngakho uhulumeni kahle ezifaneleke lasungulwa nokuhlelwa kwezinhlangano, njengoba siqhubeka ukukhuluma.

Kangakanani isabelomali

Sonke siyazi ukuthi isabelomali sikahulumeni - akusiwona nje supply imali, kuba omkhulu indlela eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi ngamunye wethu ngizibuza, iziphi izimiso guided izikhulu ngemva wavuma.

Njengomthetho, evunywe Treasury e ukulalelwa ezine, futhi kuhlanganisa elandelayo izinqubo:

1. Ngokwezibalo izimboni ezinkulu yilezi konke kwezinsuku ezingu ezilinganisiwe ngesikhathi sombiko odlule.
2. Ngaphezu kwalokho afakwa amathemba ngokushesha intuthuko yezenhlalo nezomnotho isimo.
3. Okuvelele amaphuzu ayinhloko inqubomgomo yentela futhi isabelomali oluzayo.
4. esivezwa isabelomali elihlanganisiwe kanye elihlanganisiwe ibhalansi zezimali ngesisekelo amapulani ukuthuthukiswa izindawo zokusebenza ezisemqoka.
5. Ngaphezu kwalokho afakwa izinhlelo federal izinjongo ezihlukahlukene - ithemba, ukutshalwa kwezimali kanye ukuzivikela.
6. Ikhumbula imvelo leentjhabatjhaba esivumelwaneni nanoma yimuphi omunye ezibophweni ezingokwezimali.
7. Kucatshangelwe isabelomali sikahulumeni ezinye izindleko.
8. Sibheka hlelo oluzayo okuhloswe ngaso ukuqaliswa ukubolekisa zangaphandle.
9. Iziphakamiso ezingeni ubuncane indexation lezinkokhelo nomphakathi.
10. iziqondiso Kumisiwe, ikhona imali alinikezelwanga inqubomgomo yentela kunyaka ozayo.

uhlelo ayimpoqo

Okusalungiswa isabelomali sikahulumeni njengoba insimbi wezimali futhi anezinye nesibopho emphakathini ukuze abantu ayo, ngakho-ke ezinye izinhlelo saziso kusadingeka indawo ukuba, kodwa ngamunye wabo ngokucophelela bese zihlolisiswa ukuze ivumelane. Ngenxa yale njongo kukhona evunyiwe ukulandelana legislatively ecacile yezenzo:

• Uhulumeni anikezwa Ukulungisiswa iphrojekthi kusukela iphuzu lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho buka, ngoba ama-apharathasi isimo kumele qiniseka ngesidingo ukuze akwazi ukukhokhela lolu noma inqubo noMnyango weZezimali;
• eminye esivezwa nemiphumela zezenhlalo nezemvelo ka ukwethulwa kohlelo;
• uholwe umtsetfo lokhona, uhulumeni unquma inani ngezimali ngqo iphrojekthi ethize;
• uzilungiselele nezinye amaphepha adingekayo.

Izimiso kumiswa isabelomali sikahulumeni

Ikhona eminye imininingwane ezihlobene ukwakheka kanye nokulahla uMgcinimafa State, kulawulwa lesi senzo zomthetho - zoMthetho Federal phezu Ibhajethi Federal. algorithm washo ngokucacile yezenzo uma kwenzeka isimo kubaluleke kakhulu ebuhlotsheni lanamuhla oluyingozi emakethe. Kusukela kuyoba engajwayelekile futhi ayinangqondo emva Ukwamukelwa isakhiwo uMgcinimafa ngo nyaka ukulahla izimali ku nezinzuzo zezenhlalo esivuna eqinisa ukuzivikela kazwelonke.

Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu, ngisho bemvelo ukuphathwa ezincane kwezimali zomphakathi obuswa umthetho amandla futhi isekelwe yile migomo elandelayo:

• zonke kwemali engenayo imali zihlukaniswa ngamaqembu kanye amakilasi, kuncike nezici ezithile kwezomnotho kanye indawo - ke kusho ukuthi ezinye izimali isabelozimali zendawo ahlale anawo wesigodi, futhi okuphambene nalokho;
• ngesikhathi kusilela kwenzeka ngenxa izindleko ezeqile eshodayo ezimboziwe, futhi kusukela ingxenye isakhi yomculo.

Ngokuvamile, kunzima ukuchaza isimo yengcebo ukuphathwa indlela e imisho embalwa, kodwa siyaqhubeka ukuzama ukubhekana nalokhu isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Isakhiwo isabelomali sikahulumeni

Sonke baqonde ukuthi omkhulu eziyinkimbinkimbi kwemali akakwazi ukuphatha iziphathimandla esiphezulu ephakeme. Isabelomali federal - akanakuqhathaniswa yini usayizi engaqhathaniswa isikhungo sezezimali, futhi kukhona izakhiwo ezivamile ambalwa wesi yayo emhlabeni:

• yasebhange;
• okuxubile;
• Treasury.

Uma ikhona isakhiwo waseRussia yasebhange evumela ukurekhoda ukuhamba notshwala zezimali ezingeni yokukhokha futhi kulawulwa Central Bank. Kodwa isimiso esinjalo wayengaphelele ngenxa ukubambezeleka ukubonisa, ngakho kwanqunywa ukuya yengcebo ukuphathwa.

ukuphathwa isabelomali

Ngaphezu izimiso oda, umthetho kahulumeni ngesabelomali yombuso kanye ulawula zonke amazinga kahulumeni amafa idatha.

Ngakho, esigabeni sokuqala General Directorate of Federal Treasury, okuyinto sekulinganisa loMkhandlu yonke imali wamanje kanye nezindleko, kanye ukwazisa mayelana ngqongqotshe.

On ezingeni lesibili uMnyango kaMgcinimafa, ngqo subordinated emagunyeni wesifunda. Imisebenzi yaleli isikhungo ukwazisa emizimbeni ephakeme emholweni bese oda kwezindleko ku insimu yalo.

Esesithathu ukulawula esiteji zihlanganisa idolobha zendawo yengcebo wesifunda, okuyinto afeze ezimali ukunyakaza kwezimali zomphakathi endaweni ekhethiwe.

Imisebenzi ka-Central Treasury

Zonke isabelomali sikahulumeni noma kunjalo kukhona accounting nezikhonzi Central Treasury, okuyinto uphathiswe eziningi imisebenzi ebalulekile kanye nemisebenzi:

• ukusatshalaliswa isabelomali izimali phakathi amazinga ehlukene kahulumeni;
• amarekhodi izinkokhelo zanoma yiluphi uhlobo, kufaka phakathi intela, ngenxa ukubaluleka kazwelonke;
• ukuqaliswa ukubuyiselwa imali offset ngokungadingekile noma ngephutha adluliselwe izimali phakathi engcebeni wonke amazinga;
• ukuguqulwa amatshe, ikhumbula izinhlobo ezahlukene deferrals nemithetho ekhulula umuntu;
• ukunqunywa imikhawulo kwezinye uxhaso;
• ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuchitha ukuba ukuphathwa kuhle yengcebo isimo;
• wokwengamela konke notshwala wezimali e yasebhange yengcebo izikweletu.

imithombo imali

Ubani yakha yengcebo isimo? Ake sibheke abahlanganyeli kule nqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi okuqhubekayo:

1. Abakhokhi bentela - afeze okuqhubekayo futhi ehlelekile okubaliwe ibhekwa le imali eyiphinda amabhajethi wendawo.
2. Central Bank ngokuhlanganyela commercial - ukuhlela ngqo ukuhamba izimali zikahulumeni i-akhawunti.
3. Federal Treasury ngamayunithi yayo kwesakhiwo - afeze amarekhodi wathola ezezimali.
4. emizimbeni Executive, kuhlanganise Inspectorate State - yiwona abaxhumanisi phakathi payers nezibopho Treasury elawula ubudlelwano babo.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu futhi abahlanganyeli esisemqoka kulo mshini bamelela imibuso ibhizinisi banezibopho ezithile kuleli zwe. Kodwa kukhona non-intela izimali, okuyinto zihlanganisa izinhlawulo kanye nezinye izinkokhelo incurred ngokuhamba elala iziphathimandla zikahulumeni.

imithombo izindleko

Okudlekayo isabelomali sikahulumeni - kuwumphumela isiphetho amayunithi, okuyinto sincike ngokuphelele ohlangothini ngezimali. Usayizi lo mkhakha yengcebo isimo ngqo wakhona izidingo zenhlalakahle kanye nezomnotho kokubili inani labantu kanye nasezweni lonke. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusho ukuthi basuke wanelisekile ngokuphelele, Nokho, kunakwe ekuhleleni yonyaka. Basuke ngokwentando yile migomo elandelayo:

• legatsha (kwakheka kwi izidingo izinhlobo ezahlukene zeminyango kanye zezinkonzo);
• indawo (indawo iqhaza zezikhonzi yezwe, okungukuthi abantu);
• obusebenzayo (izindleko ayagcinwa ngokuhambisana kushiwo target izinhlelo, kuhlanganise imibuzo kwezenhlalo, ezemvelo, ezesayensi kanye nezinye kungalima-).

Noma isiphi isinqumo imali yomphakathi zithathwa ngqo Treasury Central ne-Ministry of Finance.

isabelo sezimali

Isabelomali yase-Russian Federation kula mashumi eminyaka amuva ayikwazanga ukuziqhayisa ukulinganisela kwaso, okuyinto, isimiso, kungokwemvelo emhlabeni - kukhona njalo okuthile okungaphezu kwalokho noma engenayo noma izindleko.

Ngakho, ngo-90s kwekhulu elidlule kwakukhona bephikelela kusilela kwezimali, okusho ukuthi izidingo zomthethonqubo kwezehlalakuhle nomnotho isimo kwaba kakhulu kwalokho engiye ukuphuma nokungena kwezimali ezivela bentela.

Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva isimo sesishintshile ncamashi okuphambene, futhi okwamanje lapho isivuno sisiningi kakhulu khona okusimeme yengcebo kazwelonke.

WokuLawula isabelomali sikahulumeni

umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu setha nguhulumeni manje - ukwandisa nekusebenta umnotho ezwenikazi lase-zangokwasemuva zezinhlelo inqubomgomo angaphandle, okusho ukuthi kuqala kunazo zonke ulawula isakhiwo nezimali zomphakathi. izinhlobo ezahlukene izimiso zomphakathi ukuphathwa abezindaba ulawula zoMthetho Federal phezu Ibhajethi Federal.

Kodwa sonke siqonde ukuthi kunzima ukubikezela lutho ezifana ubudlelwane emakethe engazinzile, okuyizinto incike kwamaZwe. Ngakho-ke, sinombono izenzakalo zamuva a sinjalo isikhwama esikhethekile, okuhloswe ngaso ukusekela ukukhula komnotho ngokutshalwa izinsalela kwezimali udaliwe.