Indoda lokwela. womuntu anatomy blade

ukweseka uhlelo kanye ukunyakaza, okubandakanya amathambo, izicubu nemisipha nemisipha e umzimba womuntu osebenza ngayo iyonke. Skeleton kwakheka uhlobo olukhethekile zezinzwa izicubu amaseli - osteocytes, siqukethe neminye iminyango eminingana. Lihlanganisa Yekhanda, emgogodleni, esifubeni, okhalweni emkhawulweni khulula ukuhlinzeka kwakwakhe amathambo nasemilenzeni yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi ukuze umgogodla.

Kuleli phephandaba, siyinake isakhiwo esemqoka ye scapula womuntu, okuyinto kanye clavicle yakha ibhande wemikhawulo engenhla. Futhi ukuchaza indima yalo kuleli skeleton futhi simazi ne zokugula ezivamile.

izici isakhi amathambo flat

Iyunithi ukwesekwa yakhiwa izinhlobo eziningana ithambo: ijabulise, exubile kanye flat. Ahluke kokubili ukubukeka nokwakheka yokwakheka kwangaphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, compact ithambo impahla kungathatha ngendlela plate amabili ezondile, phakathi okuyinto ungqimba ikhekhe izicubu sithambile futhi eligcwele capillary equkethe umnkantsha abomvu.

Kuyinto lesi sakhiwo kukhona sternum, skull cap, izimbambo, amathambo hip blade womuntu. Kungcono ukusiza ukuvikela izitho ezihleli: emaphashini, inhliziyo nezitsha ezinkulu igazi ukudledlezela futhi umonakalo. Ngaphezu ebanzi Planar bone ubuso nemisipha futhi imisipha unamathisele inombolo enkulu imisipha ukuthi enze ukusebenza static kanye ashukumisayo. A obomvu umnkantsha ngaphakathi indiza ithambo, ukhonza njengomPristi isitho main hematopoietic, ekuletheni corpuscles: erythrocyte, leukocyte nama-platelet.

womuntu anatomy blade

Bone has ukuma unxantathu, ngokuphathelene ebusweni ezingemuva sternum. ingxenye yayo engenhla has a onqenqemeni cut, ingxenye medial ivuliwe maqondana yomgogodla, engela lateral luyinto ingaphakathi articular. Ubunjwe inhloko ijabulise we humerus. Esinye isici elingenhla esitho ibhande - clavicle, scapula ixhunywe nge ngokuhlanganyela acromioclavicular. I-axis edabula ebusweni ezingemuva ikhaba, ifinyelela evele lateral odlula phakathi acromion. It ikhona i kwalapho nge ithambo collar e surface ngokuhlanganyela. A ukuqonda more ephelele izici yokwakheka amathambo flat inikeza izithombe scapula womuntu abekwe ngezansi.

Ngo embryogenesis ithambo kwakhiwa kusukela mesoderm. Usana blade Ukuqina sekuyenzeka ayiphelele futhi osteocytes zitholakala kuphela umzimba kanye nomgogodla, kanti bonke abanye has a isakhiwo cartilaginous (uhlobo enchondral ka Ukuqina sekuyenzeka). Ngomnyaka wokuqala yokuphila kwengane kukhona amaphuzu Ukuqina sekuyenzeka ku coracoid, acromion kamuva - ekupheleni lateral we blade. Qedela Ukuqina sekuyenzeka liqeda iminyaka engu-18 yokuphila.

Njengoba imisipha exhunywe scapula

Indlela eyinhloko ukuxhuma amathambo nemisipha ohlelweni zemisipha - ngosizo imisipha.

Ngenxa collagen ethandele akha ingxenye ekupheleni biceps, ukuze kwelunda engaphezulu onqenqemeni engenhla umgodi glenoid ka ikhaba, ikhanda omude biceps brachii enamathiselwe. Emaphethelweni phansi has ebusweni efanayo esingemnandi lapho unamathele esebenzisa umsipha imisipha extensor ingalo emalungeni ehlombe - the triceps (triceps kwemisipha).

Ngakho, scapula womuntu uhileleke ngokuqondile ku flexion nokwelulwa esitho elingenhla nokugcina corset kwemisipha emuva. Amathambo elingenhla esitho ibhande - clavicle futhi scapula abe uhlelo ezivamile nemisipha, kodwa ukudla has ezintathu besigaxa siqu ezingahlobene ehlombe acromioclavicular amalunga omzimba.

okusho coracoid

Kusukwa engenhla ikhaba ubabonisa ingxenye wethambo, okuyinto ezisalayo ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo coracoid wabiza coracoid. It ikhona ngaphezu kwesihlanganisi ehlombe njengomuntu visor. Ngokusebenzisa Scion imisipha enamathiselwe ikhanda esifushane biceps futhi klyuvoplechevaya nemisipha pectoralis ezincane.

Njengengxenye scapula - ithambo lomuntu, ngokuqondile izikhathi emikhawulweni engenhla, inqubo coracoid uhlanganyela imisipha omelene: i-biceps futhi triceps, nasekuhlanganeni kwawo nesihloko imisipha ehlombe inikeza ukuthunjwa esitho elingenhla, kuse ecaleni kanye phezulu. Njengoba singabona, inqubo coracoid kubaluleke kakhulu kule nokwakheka ikhaba. Uyini umsuka yokwakheka kuba?

Coracoid futhi indima yalo kuleli phylogeny yezilwane ezinomgogodla

Ngaphambili, siye sagxila endleleni yokuthi ngezinye izikhathi esitho elingenhla kuhlanganisa clavicle ngababili scapula. Man kuyehluka kuneminye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, isibonelo, izinyoni, izilwane ezihuquzelayo, kwezinhlanzi nezilwane eziphila ezweni, ukuncishiswa iqhude amathambo - coracoid. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso kokukhululwa kwe-emkhawulweni engenhla imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokomzimba futhi ezihlukahlukene ngesimo motor wokugijima, indiza, navigation, noma kukhasa. Ngakho-ke, ukuba khona amathambo wesithathu e ibhande forelimb baba ngeke usebenze. Crow thambo indoda kuyehla, kuphela ingxenye usekhona - inqubo coracoid, okwaba yingxenye ikhaba.

Pathology lamathambo elingenhla esitho ibhande

I anomaly ezivame kakhulu abantu blade isakhiwo seyiholele njengoba ukwephula organogenesis e utero, noma njengoba inkinga ngemva dystrophic umonakalo umsipha noma neuroinfections. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, ngama wing vanes syndrome kuchazwa njenganoma lapho luhlolo lwangaphandle isiguli kanye phezu radiograph.

Lesi sifo kuhambisana okuthena amandla ubuhlungu ehlombe esifubeni ngenxa ye-peripheral ithuthuka ngokushesha. Ukuthethelelwa kwenzeka kuhambisana ukwelashwa - izinyathelo zokuzivikela: dosed umthwalo ngokomzimba, massage, umzimba ezikhethekile sokuba imisipha ehlombe emuva.

Enye zokugula - azalwa naso ukuma okusezingeni eliphezulu scapula (isifo Sprengel sika). Lokhu anomaly kuhlanganiswa nama-kokunikezwa kwe-isakhiwo amathambo, ukukhubazeka yokwakheka izimbambo, isibonelo, coalescence zabo noma ukungabi esinqunyiwe. Kukhona izinhlobo ezimbili zalesi sifo: esalisekela futhi amabili emaceleni wesimethri breaking izindwani.

Ngakho, nge izilonda zamazwe amabili ka ikhaba kwesokunxele ingaphezu kwe-kwesokudla. I anomaly kuyinto ukonakala ngokuba yingozi kwezinkolelo-myocytes ku ezinkulu imisipha: trapezius futhi rhomboid - ezinkulu nezincane. Umbono omuhle kungalindeleka kusukela ukuhlinzwa, ebanjwa ingane kuze iminyaka 8 ubudala, zisencane kamuva ukuhlinzwa aziphendukeli ngenxa ingozi okusezingeni eliphezulu izinkinga ngemva kokuhlinzwa, Physiotherapy elinganiselwe futhi massage.