Ukuvutshelwa oludakayo

ukuvutshelwa Alcoholic luyisisekelo zimboni ukudla - uthuthuva, newayini, ukukhiqizwa utshwala. Le nqubo ebalulekile ukubhaka izinkwa, ukwenza womshini ubisi isibilile, imikhiqizo yokudla. ukuvutshelwa Alcoholic carbohydrate yenziwe ukukhohlwa osekudlulile ku-carbon dioxide, i-ethanol kanye nezinye izingxenye. Ngo inqubo nokucekelwa anaerobic ka ngaphezulu izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuze amandla okulula ikhishwe.

Nezilwanyana ezincane-activators yale nqubo kukhona imvubelo, ngokuvamile we saharomitses bohlobo. Ezindaweni ezithile ukuvutshelwa utshwala kungase kumkhathaze ezinye isikhunta namagciwane. Ngqo nomthelela imvubelo inqubo yokukhula setha Pasteur. Buchner Ngemva kwalokho, Liebig futhi Lebedev wafakazela ukuthi ukuvutshelwa utshwala kungenzeka ngaphandle kwabo (imvubelo) iqhaza, noma ngisho ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa izingxenye cell-mahhala enzymatic etholakala kuzo. Izici zamanye nezilwanyana ezincane pathogenic ukuze abhubhise labo noma ezinye carbohydrate wakha sisekelo inqubo yokukhula abanamasiko amagciwane ukuhlonza ejenti pathogenic.

Manje Sekutholakele ukuthi carbohydrate ushintsho kwezinye izingxenye kumelela inani redox nezinye ukusabela okwenzeka ngokulandelana. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Ngosizo imvubelo inqubo elula kwenzeka ushukela - fructose kanye glucose.

Indaba yokugcina kubaluleke ngokukhethekile. Ngakho, lapho sauerkraut, ubisi, ikhukhamba sihamba ukuvutshelwa acidosis glucose. Inqubo efanayo kwenzeka silage. Uma isisindo silage uphawu ngokwanele, emoyeni lingena. Ngosizo lwawo iqala udwi otshekele kwesokunxele lwezithelo olubangela ukubila. Ngenxa yalokho yale nqubo, okuphakelayo ingasasebenziseki.

Lapho ubhiya isetshenziswa oludakayo ukuvutshelwa glucose.

Maltose, sucrose ingaphinda ngaphansi inqubo. Oku kuyinto hydrolysis zabo besebenzisa imvubelo. kwakhiwa Ngakho monosaccharides.

Lactose (ubisi noshukela) okufanele abekeke ukugaya izinhlobo ezithile nemvubelo.

Glycogen, isitashi kanye nezinye carbohydrate nge isakhiwo eziyinkimbinkimbi kungukuthi ngaphansi inqubo. Ngaphambili ebhekene enzymatic noma esidi hydrolysis indlela. Ngenxa yalokho, balahlekelwa azinze futhi zithonywa nemvubelo.

Isibiliso ngokwabo izinto akuve kuvamile ukuba nemvelo. Atholakala amajikijolo, izithelo, amagilebhisi. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, babendlala emoyeni nasenhlabathini.

Imvubelo sehlukaniswe zasendle futhi cultured. Ikholi zokugcina izinto ezinjalo lapho izicelo lobuchwepheshe ngokuvumelana izinga noma ezinye omuhle. Ngakho, ngokwesibonelo, elisetshenziswa uthuthuva izinto unekhono ukucacisa ubhiya, ngaleyo ndlela-ke flavour emnandi futhi zizwakale. Izinga eliphakeme kunawo kwamagilebhisi babeqhaqhazela ngenxa yezihlambi zemvula yakha isixha ekhethekile. Okusanhlamvu imvubelo zenani ikhono lazo wande ngenkuthalo kanye izakhiwo inhlama kuthiwa athambise kahle. izinto Wild efanayo ifa buthaka ikhono fermentative. Bakha izingxenye adlulisela iphunga nochuku nokufuna izinto ukunambitheka.

Inqubo ukushintsha ushukela ube i-carbon dioxide, i-ethanol kanye nezinye izingxenye kunzima ngempela. Kanye nalezi izinto kanye ukuvutshelwa ephelezelwa ukwakheka kwamanye by-imikhiqizo. Ikakhulukazi, abanye ivolumu kwakhiwa acetic acid kanye succinic acid, acetaldehyde, glycerol. Kwakheka njengoba uwoyela fusel. Lezi zingxenye kukhona Izingxube isomers ka ephakeme alcohols: butyl, isobutyl, amyl, nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinto ngendlela okwathi ngisho amanani ngomzuzu kungathinta ukunambitheka, ukunikeza ukunambitheka ethize ubhiya, iwayini kanye neminye imikhiqizo.