Umzimba womuntu: isikimu. Yikuphi wesayensi ukufunda ngomzimba womuntu?

Yini ngaphakathi emzimbeni womuntu kusuka ngaphakathi, abantu abathakazelayo ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngisho nalapho imithetho eyisisekelo ngazo abantu babephila, babe esontweni, asivunyelwe ukufunda Ukuklanywa komzimba, babe ososayensi futhi zemvelo, ubani naphezu kwakho konke dissected nezidumbu yezilwane nabantu emakhadini bese wahlanganyela ukucabangela nokutadisha zonke izingxenye nesithakazelo.

Kwakungeke kuvesane kunqotshwe lokhu isifiso indawo ulwazi. Ngakho-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, kodwa kwatholakala, indlela umzimba womuntu. Iphethini wesifunda ohlelweni isitho ngasinye futhi aye alotshwa ngabaculi, abahloli, odokotela, ososayensi, sibonga kokuba isayensi amaningi atholakalayo namuhla.

Ukuthuthukiswa kolwazi mayelana Ukuklanywa komzimba womuntu

Esikhathini V leminyaka BC ku craton kwabo kukhona nomuntu okwakuthiwa Alkemon. Nguye owokuqala ziyafisa ukutadisha Sakhiwo sangekhatsi eziphilayo, ngakho ehlukanisa izingxenye zomzimba wezilwane efile. impumelelo yakhe eyinhloko - lokhu nokucabanga ngobuhlobo ukwaziswa okulethwa yizinzwa bese ubuchopho.

Kamuva, kusukela cishe ngo-460 BC, uqala ukuthuthukiswa ngamabomu kakhudlwana futhi kakhulu ulwazi kule ndawo. A umnikelo omkhulu ekuqondeni lokho emzimbeni womuntu (scheme yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu, nesimo sendawo kwezitho zangaphakathi tiphindze echazwe), wenza ososayensi abalandelayo:

1. Inhlanganiso yocezuningi.
2. Aristotle.
3. UPlato.
4. Gerofil.
5. Klavdiy uGalen.
6. Avicenna.
7. ULeonardo da Vinci.
8. Andreas Vezaly.
9. Uilyam Garvey.
10. Casparo Azelli.

Siyabonga kulaba bantu ngasondelana up isikimu jikelele isakhiwo zomzimba womuntu. Kukhona ulwazi mayelana obusebenzayo izici, izinhlelo, izitho, izicubu nokubaluleka kwazo, kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile kakhulu.

XVII ekhulwini zonke wesayensi kwakuyinkathi yokululama yokujama tsi, it is yehlelwa futhi endaweni kubhekwa yithi. Kodwa kamuva umzimba womuntu umdwebo (Figure ungabona ngezansi) ahlanganiswe kakhulu, ngiyabonga ocacile aguqulwe ukuze okwatholwa eziningi. A inqubo entsha ekuvumela ukuthi ukutadisha microstructure we steel uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela esetshenziswa izindlela zokuhlola observation, ukuqhathanisa. Umnikelo ekhethekile eyenziwe:

• UCharles Darwin;
• Schleiden futhi Schwann;
• Descartes;
• Lomonosov;
• Protasov;
• Shymlanskaya;
• amakhekhe;
• Lesgaft;
• Mukhin;
• Carl Baer;
• Wolff;
• Pander;
• kwesigaba;
• inkemba;
• Pavlov nabanye.

Ngakho, wahlolwa ngokuningiliziwe ngu umzimba womuntu, isikimu kwaba ephelele futhi libonise yonke kwezitho izinhlelo. Namuhla, wonke umfundi kubhekwe njengento nesimo sendawo, futhi incazelo eningiliziwe ngamunye ingxenye yomzimba ukuba bahlole nemisebenzi eyenziwa futhi Sakhiwo sangekhatsi.

Isikimu jikelele "indoda - ophilayo umzimba"

Uma sikhuluma isikimu enjalo, kufanele kuphawulwe, ukuthi ncamashi iqukethe. Okokuqala, kungaba amelwe embodiments ezahlukene. Ezinye zalezi imidwebo imidwebo aqukethe izincazelo ngamazwi kuphela, Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu izakhiwo sangaphakathi obuntu cabangisisa ubuhlobo babo futhi imisebenzi. Nokho, abanye zingenalo iyiphi izincazelo, kodwa umane sifanekise kwendawo indawo kwezitho emzimbeni, bonisa orientation zabo bobabili, uhlaka-NDP. Lapha elotshiwe nogwali izinhlelo. Uma uhlanganisa kokubili ongakhetha, isikimu okunjalo kuyoba nzima kakhulu, okunzima ukuyiqonda. Uhlobo lwesibili isetshenziswa kaningi.

Ngakho-ke, leli cebo kuyinto "Indoda - a eziphilayo" kuhlanganisa isithombe kwezitho ezilandelayo zomzimba (uma enikezwe okufushane umnyuziki wonke umzimba):

1. Senhliziyo futhi limfoobrazovatelnaya. Kube umdwebo emizimbeni kubonakala ngokuningiliziwe neziteshi womuntu.
2. Isimiso sokugaya ukudla bungene.
3. Zemisipha, noma zemisipha.
4. Ezalayo.
5. Excretory (urinary elibizwa kuhlanganiswe Izitho zokuzala kanye excretory kohlelo).
6. Ngethukile kodwa endocrine izinhlelo.
7. Ukudideka, noma izinzwa kanye nombono.

Ngakho, leli qhinga sinikeza ngolwazi olunemininingwane ngokuthi isakhiwo zomzimba womuntu kanye indawo kwezitho zawo. Futhi, kukhona amatafula eziningi ezahlukene kanye izibalo, imidvwebo, lapho kubonakala microstructure eningiliziwe kabi noma isiphi isitho. Lichaza zonke izici isakhiwo, ukusebenza kanye nendawo.

Uma uhlanganisa zonke lezi imidwebo, uthola yonke incwadi. Izincwadi ezinjengethi abizwa ngokuthi "ukwakheka komuntu e namathebula namashadi" futhi ngokuvamile kakhulu lula ukuphila abafundi, abafundi kanye nothisha. Ngempela, emaphuzwini abo abhalwe, ngamafuphi futhi ngokucacile ebekwe zonke izisekelo ezidingekayo ukuze uthole ukuqondisisa jikelele isakhiwo zabantu.

lymph kumiswa uhlelo

A indima ekhethekile ekulondolozeni impilo omzimba kudlala umzimba womuntu sika. Kodwa kuyini na? It kuvela ukuthi lokhu ohlelweni i-lymph, okuyinto umphelelisi ebalulekile ekwakhekeni kahle kwezitho senhliziyo. Ngo oyiyo - amaseli, ezibizwa ngokuthi "amaseli." Badlala indima wasemuva we umzimba yemvelo kusuka amagciwane namagciwane, izinhlayiya angaphandle kanye zonke angaphandle.

Uhlelo lymph lomuntu, okuyinto abekwe ngezansi isikimu enezinto eziningi izakhiwo ezenza kube up:

1. Iziqu kanye mapayipi.
2. Capillary.
3. Imikhumbi.
4. Zamanzi.

Bebonke bakha inethiwekhi ukuthi ayivaliwe, njengoba kuqhathaniswa zenhliziyo. Futhi kulesi simiso akukho ukulawula umzimba emaphakathi. uketshezi lymph (lymph) iwumkhiqizo kuchithwa izikhala intercellular, okuyinto ngaphansi kwengcindezi omnene eshayela phakathi kwezinye izitsha ISIZINDA, ama-capillary iziqu.

Phakathi ukugula, ezifana abandayo, wonke umuntu angakwazi ukuzwa evuvukele lymph node umzimba. Basuke etholakala ngaphansi umhlathi ongezansi, e emakhwapheni, imbilapho ndawo. Palpate kuzo kalula ngokwanele. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho impi esemqoka nalesi sifo. Ngakho, umgoqo main ezifweni - uhlelo lymph lomuntu. Isikimu kukhombisa indlela okunika ngayo zonke izingxenye zesakhiwo zitholakala futhi kanjani they oxhumene.

uhlelo alimentary

Enye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu emzimbeni. Phela, sibonga umsebenzi wakhe umuntu uthola izakhi ekukhuleni, ukuthuthukiswa, amandla ukuphila izinqubo. Ngaphandle izakhi kungenzeki ukuhambisa, sikhule, cabanga nokunye. Ngemva inqubo ngayinye idinga amandla, okuyinto izibopho zamakhemikhali zishintshe okunomsoco.

Isikimu ubonisa ohlelweni womuntu wokugaya ukudla, izitho kwakhiwa kusukela lapho kwenethiwekhi.

1. I ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo, kubandakanya namazinyo, ulimi, ulwanga futhi ingaphakathi imisipha esihlathini.
2. I pharynx kanye kuqhoqhoqho.
3. Esiswini.
4. nezindlala wokugaya ukudla secreting izimfihlo ekugayeni ukudla.
5. Amathumbu, esakhiwa izigaba eziningana: i-duodenum, emathunjini amancane futhi ikholoni.

Ihlelo lokukhambisa iingazi

Limelela amabili ukuzungeza, ehlanganisa umzimba omkhulu - inhliziyo - nokwelula therefrom imithambo, izitsha, ama-capillary. Inani igazi ivolumu omdala cishe 5 amalitha. Nokho, izinga luyehluka kuye isisindo emzimbeni.

Inhliziyo - igunya central, bakwazi ukwenza inkontileka atishaye, ephoqa igazi ku isiteshi ngesikhathi ingcindezi ethile. Siqukethe emakamelweni ezine, eduze oxhumene.

Isimiso sezinzwa somzimba womuntu

Enye kunzima kakhulu. Siqukethe:

• ingqondo;
• umgogodla;
• njengoba amangqamuzana ezinzwa e;
• kwezicubu.

Cishe zonke ucezu umzimba womuntu namangqamuzana ezinzwa. Zibona ezintweni, adlulisa ubuhlungu, esiyisixwayiso ingozi. isakhiwo wabo ngempela eyinqaba. Asebuchosheni nomgogodla zihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana, ngayinye yaba yenza ukwazi okuseqophelweni eliphezulu ekusebenzeni ingxenye ethile yomzimba.

uhlelo oluphathelene nemizwa

Yilezo ezinhlanu:

1. Visual Analyser.
2. Ukuzwa.
3. Skin futhi imisipha ukuzwela.
4. izitho olfactory.
5. Flavour Analyser.

Bonke ndawonye bakha umzimba womuntu. Isifanekiso ubonisa isakhiwo Kwezinye izingxenye uhlelo inzwa Kumiswa, okuyinto inezici e isakhiwo futhi yini imisebenzi lwenziwa.

Uhlelo excretory yomuntu

Isakhiwo uhlelo siqukethe izidumbu ezilandelayo:

• izinso;
• isinye;
• ureters.

Enye igama lesi simiso - excretory. Umsebenzi oyinhloko - ukususwa imikhiqizo umzimba, niqondise umzimba kwemikhiqizo enobuthi imfucuza.

Isayensi ukutadisha umzimba womuntu

Yilezo ezinkulu eziningana. Nakuba isibalo sabo ikhuphuke kakhulu uma ziqhathaniswa, isibonelo, kusukela ngekhulu XVIII. Lena wesayensi ezifana:

• nokwakheka;
• zomzimba;
• impilo;
• zofuzo;
• imithi;
• Psychology.

Physiology libona nezindaba ezihlobene ukusebenza uhlelo. Yilowo umsebenzi wakhe ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo: "? Kwenzeka njani lokho" Isibonelo, lokhu isiyalo phezu izindlela sokulala futhi sihlale siphapheme ushintsho, izici ifundelwe umsebenzi ephakeme sezinzwa.

Ufuzo nasezimpilweni zabantu

Ufuzo iye ukutadisha izindlela yefa kwezici ezithile, kanye izimbangela nemiphumela izinguquko the human chromosomal kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Nale isayensi, abantu bafunda ukubikezela kwezinso sina zofuzo ezingenzeka embungwini, ukulawula le nqubo, futhi uma kungenzeka, ukungenela bakhulumele ingane futhi bashintshe inkambo yayo.

Ukuhlanzeka uyasiza ekuphenduleni lo mbuzo: "? Kubayini ukuhlanzeka nendlela yokuyithola impilo" Lolu cwaningo imininingwane iziqondiso silondoloze ukuhlanzeka emzimbeni, ngokubaluleka inqubo izindlela mzimba ukuthi encike ngqo kwi index lokuhlanzeka, ezingeni lamagciwane. Lokhu isiyalo ngokulinganiswa ayemncane, kodwa kubaluleke ngaphezu kwanoma ubani omunye.

Psychology and Medicine

Psychology - isayensi ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi usentekenteke ukuthi lingena ukwazi nangaphezulu umsebenzi sezinzwa of ntu. It yakhelwe ukuchaza izindlela eziyisisekelo zabantu amadivayisi zengqondo. Kunezindlela eziningana Psychology izigaba ukuthi sibhekane nazo zonke izindaba zomphakathi eziphathelene nabantu (Psychology ubudlelwano emndenini, ubudala, zokuhlola, nokunye).

Impilo - isayensi ezibaluleke kakhulu okhuluma empilweni yomuntu. Ngokwemvelo, it is eduze Umncele nazo zonke ezinye eyala: izitho zomzimba, umumo womzimba, izakhi zofuzo, inhlanzeko kanye psychology.

Awokwelashwa okuyisisekelo kwakuvela esintwini. Ngoba, ngeshwa, abantu zihlale ogulayo. Ngazo zonke izikhathi, eduze kubo babe yizinkulungwane lamagciwane, lezinceku (zofuzo) izifo nezinye izifo. Ngakho-ke, kulolu cwaningo - omunye wemizila ebaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekulondolozeni impilo.

Kukhona izigaba eziningi, alo imithi kwelinye: ukuhlinzwa, Oncology, Hematology, odokotela, nezesikhumba, ukuhlukumezeka, kanye nabanye. Bonke bangabangasokile kakhulu ezikhethekile ezindabeni ezithile, yiba izindlela zabo wokutadisha inkinga futhi ukuxazulula.

Ngokuvamile, bonke sciences ukutadisha umzimba womuntu kukhona yomkhakha owodwa. Phela, kubenza babe munye ukuze kufinyelelwe umgomo ofanayo - ukuhlola, ukuhlola, ukuchaza zonke izingxenye zomzimba, ukuba ufunde ukulawula nalowo mtimba nayo yonke cell umzimba.

Anatomy njengoba isayensi main

Yiqiniso, owokuqala, ngokomlando uyayenza isayensi yomuntu futhi oyiyo - kuba nokwakheka. Kuyinto sibonga kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale abantu isiyalo esephawula lokho ejensi angamalungu emzimbeni womuntu, ukuthi akuphi lapho (sendawo) kuhlelwe futhi Imigomo esekelwe phezu kwayo kusekelwe umsebenzi wabo.

Ngenhla sixoxe-mlando ezinkulu zomlando ekuthuthukiseni bolwazi lwabantu. Lena anatomy we izigaba yentuthuko. Labo abantu, labo abamagama abo ngokuthi, - abasunguli nawobaba lokhu isiyalo omkhulu futhi obalulekile.

Umsebenzi ukwakheka komzimba womuntu besilokhu ngaso sonke isikhathi - ukufunda isakhiwo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle izici morphological zonke izinhlaka kanye nezinhlelo, kanye izindwangu. Hhayi lutho e anatome Greek - "usike".