Lamagciwane - ngesisekelo microworld

Ngokusho C. Woese, zonke izidalwa eziphilayo zihlukaniswe ezizindeni eziningi. Ziyakwazi ezintathu: bacterium, archaea futhi eukaryotes. Amagciwane abhekwa ngaphandle isikhundla isigaba. Iqiniso ukuthi akuwona wonke ososayensi ubheke leli qembu izidalwa eziphilayo zomhlaba. Kodwa iningi, kanye ungumdali umbono bezwe RNA, ivame ukuba amagciwane iqembu kusizinda esihlukile. Futhi lokhu, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lamagciwane kukhona ubukhulu kulencane phakathi kwezinye izinto, kanye nje wahlela.

Umsuka amagciwane namagciwane elisavulekele. Kukhona ngisho i ukumelwa olunembile, alamaqembu uvele ekuqaleni. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi amagciwane namagciwane kumele abe kukhokho oyedwa, kanye nelinanincane lema-imvelaphi ezivamile. On uma bahlulela amacala anjengalawa ukwakha ithiyori kuqala. Kodwa ucwaningo enemininingwane alawa magciwane kwaholela esiphethweni sokuthi amagciwane zihluke amagciwane abalulekile kakhulu kunalokho okwake kwacatshangwa.

Ngokungafani amagciwane namagciwane

Into ebaluleke kakhulu lomehluko kuyindlela yokuphila ukuthi lamagciwane bahluke ngokuphelele. Okokuqala, naphezu inkimbinkimbi kudivayisi yakho bamelela imibuso ehlukene. Ngisho noma behlala ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni. Indlela ukukwenza, ezifana chlamydia. Amagciwane amaseli ngaphandle Awunawo umsebenzi begazi. Abanaso yimuphi emizimbeni umzimba aphansi. Into ye virus inezigaba ezimbili. Lokhu kwatholakala ukuthi isakhi sofuzo (it is emelelwa elilodwa noma amabili zingu ribonucleic acid) amaprotheni igobolondo. Abanye babe i top capsid igobolondo ezengeziwe.

Zonke amagciwane, kuye ngokuthi uhlobo ribonucleic acid baye ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: i RNA- ne-DNA-aqukethe.

Ubujamo amagciwane kungenzeka ongakhetha eziningana.

• Icosahedron.
• Phages.
• Octahedra.
• Helical.

Ngu ubukhulu lamagciwane awafani. Uma Ubukhulu kulinganiswa amayunithi wokuqala futhi namakhulu micrometer, igciwane ngobukhulu akuyona ezingaphezu kuka 1300-1400 nanometer. Ngakho, igciwane ngobukhulu lincane amagciwane kulencane.

igciwane pathogenicity kuncike ikhono ukungena amaseli ethize.

Nakuba ukuba khona ama-bacterium, inhlanganisela Ukuvikelwa ebudloveni ikhono ukuba lesi silwanyana sikwazi ukukhuphuka ngokushesha inombolo futhi ifomu amakoloni. Ngamanye amazwi, ngoba ama-bacterium, ebaluleke kakhulu 'ukunqoba' isikhala ezithile eziphilayo zavela.

Ngakho, ama-bacterium namagciwane babe okuhlonishwayo ezahlukene izidakamizwa okuhloswe ngaso nokubhujiswa kwabo. Ngo ifa interferon nama analogs yabo njengoba izidakamizwa elwa namagciwane kahle kunabo bonke. Ukuze kuliwe amagciwane ezisetshenziswa antibiotic, abangenalo nomthelela amagciwane.

Yonke emjikelezweni wokuphila amagciwane lingachazwa ngezigaba eziningana. Ekuqaleni, kuyizinhlayiyana ingena iseli. Khona-ke igciwane ufuzo luhlanganisa ku ufuzo cell. Kugcine iqala ukukhiqiza amakhophi igciwane kanye organelles cell kuthiwa esitshalweni nge umzimba ayo ukwakha izikhumba lezi genomes. Khona-ke igciwane izinhlayiya ukushiya cell, futhi zonke iqala futhi.

Amagciwane abangela izifo ngabantu, okubangela isimungumungwana, upokisi, rubella, poliomyelitis, ingculaza, izifo zemigudu yokuphefumula nesifo elingenhla ipheshana zokuphefumula, nabanye. Nakuba ama-bacterium kukhona kubasunguli ka whooping ukukhwehlela, idiphtheria, i-typhoid futhi abanye.