Kwakunabantu abaningi on enyangeni? Ubani wavakashela inyanga kabili?

Mayelana kangakanani kwaba umuntu enyangeni, futhi belapho nhlobo, kudingeka okungaphezu mpikiswano eyishumi kusasebenza. Abasekeli kokwehla osomkhathi bathi lo mcimbi kuqubuke ingxabano juqu ingxabano yangaphandle United States ne-Soviet Union, ngemva kwalokho izinhlelo eziyisisekelo isikhala ziye kakhulu kushintshwe nhlangothi zombili. Kwabanye, umuntu wokuqala enyangeni - inganekwane athuthukile esikhohlisayo baseMelika, kodwa kubantu abaningi kakhulu ukuvakashela esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe yemvelo - iqiniso obungenakuphikwa.

prehistory

Isikhala lokuqala ukwethulwa bebheke esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe wethulwa 1959, ngemva nje kwezinyanga ezingu-15 kwethulwa ngowokuqala yokufakelwa Earth satellite. Adalberto isikhathi eside kuphela eSoviet isikhala ososayensi isinyathelo kule siqondiso. izikhulu US aseqalile umsebenzi kule isiqondiso kuphela emva kwethulwa imishini yabo yenyanga "Ranger", ochungechungeni lokuqala okuyinto wethulwa 1964.

Kuze 70s ekuseni umbuzo "? Bangaki abantu enyangeni" Ingabe akukhona yini okunengqondo - I-ukuthi kwakungekho amakhono kwezobuchwepheshe. Ngo-1971, lolu hlelo "Apollo" yasungulwa e-United States sina. nokuqaliswa kwalo ngempumelelo izindleko bentela American $ 25 bhiliyoni. ukunwetshwa uMongameli Kennedy sika ngempumelelo ekuqaleni kwenyanga kubhekwa ize kuqala ezweni lonke, okuzokwenza ukuqinisa isithunzi United States Sikhala bonakalisa amandla ezomnotho kanye yesayensi kule wombuso.

Kohlelo ngokubeka Ukuyisa umuntu enyangeni Lwenziwe emva kokwethulwa futhi kuphumelele test kwethulwa imoto "Saturn 5". It wasetshenziselwa ukuqedela "Apollo 11".

Ukufika lokuqala

Mayelana kangakanani kwaba Ukuyisa umuntu enyangeni ngesikhathi uhambo lokuqala interplanetary, ezaziwa kusukela nezihloko zamaphephandaba nemininingwane imibiko ngoJulayi 1969 ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke. Amagama ezintathu baseMelika, amalungu isikhala nezisebenzi lokuqala - Neil Armstrong, M. Collins, u-Edwin Aldrin. Kulawa, owokuqala setha unyawo lakwa esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe Armstrong futhi Aldrin, futhi Collins wasala orbit enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. I osomkhathi osale izimpawu inyanga yesikhumbuzo ngezithombe efile isikhala abacwaningi eqoqwe amasampula enhlabathi ezinqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga, efakwe radar reflectors, 21 amahora waqala ukuthatha-awusekho esiteji futhi ohlanganiswe iyunithi eyinhloko indiza.

Emva kwezinsuku eziyisishiyagalombili crew ngaphandle kwenkinga wehlela zasePacific, lapho yathathwa nguye up by Sekujutshwe ithimba.

mikhankaso okwengeziwe

isiqalo ngempumelelo isikhala amaphayona emenza mikhankaso eminye kuya "Apollo" uhlobo imikhumbi. Sekukonke, esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe yemvelo wathunyelwa mikhankaso ezinhlanu. It kakade ihlinzeka Phumula jikelele ukuthi bangaki abantu wahamba phezu inyanga nokuthi zigcine wayichitha lezi izindiza. Ngokusho imithombo ezisemthethweni, abantu abangu-26 enyangeni ithunyelwe, futhi yibo lucky nambili ephethwe uthinte ngqo inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.

Cishe bangaki izikhathi abantu baye baya the Moon, kungenziwa kunqunywa isikhala "Apollo" Uhlelo - konke kuthunyelwa 7 mikhankaso, futhi kuphela omunye wabo ayiphumelelanga. I ill-fated "Apollo 13" usezuze ingozi ekuqaleni kohambo lwakhe, nezisebenzi zawo sinqatshiwe ukwehlela kobuso satellite. Ngakho impendulo yombuzo kukangaki abantu bebelokhu kunenyanga iqukethe catch encane. "Apollo 13," landizela esethilayithi nasemahhovisi esifundazwe, kodwa ukufika enyangeni akwenziwa.

Bangaki nje abantu abaye wahamba phezu inyanga kabili?

ukuthi kwakungokomthetho abanye abantu ngokuphindaphindiwe wavakashela satellite yethu? Bonke abantu ababesesangweni wandizela inyanga, babe US izakhamuzi, abashayeli bezindiza enekhono, osomkhathi abaqeqeshwe at NASA izikhungo. Kulawa, kwakukhona astronaut eyodwa kuphela, ngubani wakwazi ukuvakashela inyanga yethu kabili. Kwatholakala Yu Cernan. Okokuqala wandizela inyanga njengengxenye nezisebenzi isikhala "Apollo 10". Khona-ke elapha ibhodi satellite yokufakelwa zenyanga, 15 nje km ebusweni. Lapho elithuma okwesibili, njengoba induna "Apollo 17" mkhathi, Yudzhin Sernan wandizela inyanga ngo-1972. Khona-ke, kanye umlingani wakhe H. Schmitt yena prilunilsya eduze Taurus Izintaba wentaba Littrow. Uma uyikha phezulu le satellite yethu Cernan Inani out kathathu, futhi wahlala khona amahora 23.

Ngakho ukuthi bangaki abantu enyangeni? Sekukonke, abantu abayishumi nambili uye wathinta kobuso inyanga, futhi useneminyaka engamashumi amabili nesithupha sasihamba ngendiza njengengxenye isikhala nabasebenza.