Matriarchy - kuyini? Man and Society. Matriarchy emphakathini bakudala

Kungakhathaliseki isimo sengqondo somuntu ososayensi yesikhathi esithile waba ukwehlukana lonke inqubo zomlando, ngokuvamile, akungabazeki namuhla ukuthi esigabeni sokuqala kumiswa inkampani le bakudala uhlelo ngokuhlanganyela. Lesikhatsi lesi awanele ukuhlawulela izono nesikhathi olubanzi isikhathi. Yaqala lapho ukubukeka abantu emhlabeni, futhi kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba kumiswa ama-ejensi ombuso lokuqala namaqembu ekilasini.

Indoda Umphakathi

Noma yimuphi umphakathi ngezinga elithile e-umtimba. Lolu hlelo libhekene ezingeni ezahlukene zokuhlala, inhlangano nokulandelanisa we ekuhlanganyeleni ngaphakathi kuwo. Lokhu kusikisela ukuthi noma yiluphi uhlobo inhlangano yezenhlalakahle kusikisela isakhiwo zokuphatha ezithile (igunya womphakathi). Ngaphezu kwalokho, isici abantu ukulawula ukuziphatha inqubo kuchazwe lwemithetho neziqondiso. I bakudala umphakathi ohlanganyelwe kwakukhona abangaphezu kwesigidi eminyakeni. Kwaba isikhathi eside esiteji zomlando.

Umphakathi kanye nokubusa

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, njengoba umphakathi kwenzeka, ngokushesha kunesidingo ekuphathweni kusungulwe. Phakathi umphakathi bakudala zonke lomphakathi kwadingeka nezinzuzo zazo siqu, ngaphandle kwemvume yalowo umphakathi lalingekho. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi zafeza ukulawula siqu juqu. Indoda umphakathi ngeke kube khona eceleni komunye nomunye. Ukuqinisekisa ukuphila okuvamile, kanye intuthuko enenqubekela phambili ubudlelwano nomphakathi kumele kuhlanganiswe izithakazelo siqu. Kulokhu, umphakathi ngeke esilufunayo okuhle ovamile. Nokho, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuxhumana kungenzeka nge inhlanganisela izinzuzo ngamunye kanye nomphakathi. Le nhlanganisela abayifunayo ikakhulu ngenxa yokuba khona emphakathini imithetho yokuziphatha futhi amandla, ukusebenzisa nokuqinisekisa leyo mithetho. Kuye ngokuthi ashiwo ubani has a ehamba phambili indima ekuphathweni, eyakheke ngebulili, matriarchy nokulingana. Esimeni sesibili, namandla is bagxila ezandleni abesifazane. Esinye sezici nobuntu isakhiwo bokuqala yigama a matriarchy. Kuyini lokhu ohlelweni? Ake ukusithena amandla nakakhulu.

definition

Ngakho, matriarchy - kuyini? Zona mbono uye ngesiGreki izimpande. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi elihunyushwa ngokuthi "ukubusa likamama." Enye igama laleli amandla - ginekokratiya. Njengoba sekushiwo, umlando into matriarchy yesikhathi esidlule. Lo mqondo isetshenziswa ekutholweni uhlobo uhulumeni, okuyinto wabunjwa kuphela abesifazane noma lapho indima evelele fanele kuze them. Kanjani igama elithi uvele - "matriarchy"? Ukuthi lokhu ukubusa wanika abesifazane?

Ukuvela umbono

Ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi ukhona ginekokratii elihlobene ne abacwaningi ezifana Morgan, Bachofen, Lafite. Ngokwesayensi yemivubukulo Soviet, umlando, anthropology, ethnography, umbono wokuba khona matriarchy ngokuphelele hhayi ngemibuzo isikhathi eside kakhulu. Kodwa izifundo kamuva iye yaqinisekisa umphakathi osekelwe matritsentrirovannom ngesikhathi izigaba zokuqala kwenkathi wezolimo. Iningi ochwepheshe abavumayo othinta inhliziyo welithi "matriarchy", ukuthi lena uhlaka besifazane akukhona nje ukuthi kufinyelelwa amandla. ukubusa yabo, ukuqashelwa nomphakathi waqala idlule igunya amandla abantu. Abanye abalobi emibhalweni yawo, Okwamanje, ukuphika ukuthi ukhona okungenani oyedwa umphakathi, elaliyoba ukubusa ecacile abesifazane isikhathi eside. Nakuba abanye bathole isiqinisekiso yokuthi manje kukhona "matriarchy yesimanje." Ziyini izimbangela zalesi simiso nomphakathi?

Njengoba kwakukhona matriarchy?

Hlobo luni isakhiwo, sithole. Manje kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini izici eziye zaba nomthelela ohlelweni. Abanye abacwaningi, kuhlanganise nezitha umbono wokuba khona lwesigaba anjalo esikhathini ekukhuleni komphakathi, ukukubona, Nokho, ukuthi nokuqinisa isimo abesifazane empeleni livamile ukukhuluma ngazo ezigabeni yokuqala yokulima. Ngokusho kwabanye abalobi, "ingadi", hoe ukutshala inhlabathi zazivela ukuhlangana. Futhi lolu hlobo lomsebenzi, yena, kubhekwe umsebenzi uqobo zesifazane. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukubaluleka okwandisiwe kwezolimo. Kanye nalokhu okhushuliwe indima yabesifazane kwa-umphakathi. Ngemva kwalokho, olimekayo ukutshala esiye sathatha indawo hoe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwehle futhi indima yabesifazane. Matriarchy e umphakathi bakudala angaba khona ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Nokho, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi lesi sakhiwo has izici zayo siqu. Bavumela ukuze lihlukaniswe nabanye.

izimpawu uhlelo

Kunezindlela eziningana izici, khona lapho sikwazi ukukhuluma nomphakathi matriarchal: matriliny futhi matrilocal. Okunye futhi okubaluleke ngokufanayo ukuthi ifunani ezifana avunkulizm. Kuyinto uhlelo olunjalo lomkhaya lapho indima yokuba inhloko fanele kuyisekazi ku uhlangothi lukanina. Kwezinye izimo, njengoba isici umphakathi, okuyinto ubuswa owesifazane, imele polyandry, isivakashi noma umshado iqembu. Matriarchy emkhayeni ubonisa futhi enjalo elingenakuphikwa mark komama umthetho. It is ngokucacile esebenza isehlukaniso. Kulokhu, izingane ukuhlala nonina noma umndeni wakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ukusatshalaliswa impahla kanye ifa nalo ayihambi ngokusebenzisa umugqa zesifazane. Lawa main izinto ezihlukanisa matriarchy futhi ngebulili.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi abesilisa awunawo amalungelo. Abakwazi ukuhlala odadewabo ohlangothini likamama izingane zabo. Lesizalo abafowethu nodadewethu ngesikhathi esifanayo ezocatshangelwa izihlobo. Ngokuvamile singasho ukuthi umndeni ayakhekanga emhlabeni uyise nonina obakhathalelayo. Kodwa kubo bonke ukuthi azifani kanjani bayithanda matriarchy futhi ngebulili kuningi esifana. Ngokwesibonelo, amadoda, kungakhathaliseki izimo lokuhlala, enza umsebenzi ofanayo. Ikakhulukazi, umsebenzi wabo ukuvikela ukuphepha, isinqumo kunezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi, umzali.

isakhiwo matrilocality

Umphakathi, kulesi simo, zikhona, abantu abangamakhulu amathathu kungathi izingalo ezingamakhulu amabili. Bonke babengathembekile eziseduze kule line zesifazane. Ngaphakathi eqenjini lesizwe sawo, kukhona izakhiwo ezincane eziningi. Aqukethe ngokuvamile umama bendabuko, izingane nabazukulu bakhe. Kulawa, eqinisweni, clan kwakhiwa, bebonke oluphethe umhlaba ngokuhlanganyela. Ehola lonke lolu gange kumi owesifazane endala, futhi kwezinye izimo - igazi layo half-brother. Land ubhekwa impahla ngokuhlanganyela. Zonke ezinye impahla okungewakho abesifazane. It luthathwe kamama namadodakazi. Njengomthetho, e uhlobo umshado asivumelekile - ukuze ugweme inbreeding. Ngakho-ke, isakhiwo esinjalo ubekade ubuhlobo nomunye eqenjini. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona ukushintshana umakoti nomkhwenyana.

Ukwahlukana ubulili

Lokhu samuntu kuhilela kumiswa umphakathi khona amaqembu amabili ngaphakathi uhlobo lwe efanayo. Kokunye owakhiwe ngokukhethekile amadoda, kanye nezinye, ngokulandelana, abesifazane. Ngo subsystem ngasinye sasinothisha umholi wayo. Ngoba kokubili amaqembu besihambisana nesiminyaminya ukuzimela. Kumele ukuthi ohlelweni matriarchal lapho kumiswa imidwebo yenkolo wathonywa zobuqaba, ubuswa onkulunkulu bamanga zesifazane, inhloko owawungumnyaka omkhulu unkulunkulukazi-umama. Njengoba isibonelo Shaktism - okungelinye lamabandla okuqala kakhulu izindawo Hinduism - yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi u-Astarte, unkulunkulukazi lasendulo eMesophothamiya. Njengoba sesifikile isikhathi esikhundleni ngebulili matriarchy. Kule ndaba, bonke onkulunkulu zesifazane onkulunkulu salandelwa lowesilisa. Goddess aqala ukuphelelwa okukushoyo zenkolo nezenkolo, kuphenduke izinhlamvu ezincane izinganekwane zasendulo zenkolo. Ngenxa yalokho, umama Goddess sobukhosi maqembu kuNkulunkulu nobaba. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi indlela umphakathi matriarchal wahlangana ngezikhathi ezihlukahlukene kulo cishe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, abantu abahlukahlukene owakhiwe Afrika, e-Asia, eYurophu, eMelika (kokubili aseNingizimu naseNyakatho).

Izincwadi zakudala

Inganekwane yamaGreki asendulo bokuba khona Amazon akunakubangelwa ulwazi bokuqala mayelana imiphakathi matriarchal. Kwaphela isikhathi eside kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lezi zindaba - abalobi eqanjiwe endala. Kodwa muva nje, khona imiphakathi abesifazane nenkani ophilayo ngaphandle amadoda ukufundisa amadodakazi abo emoyeni wamabutho kwakuyinto namanje ingaphelele.

Izazi zemivubukulo ziye zathola izindunduma ecabangela ukungcwatshwa kwami. Amathuna abavelele babekwa izinkemba, imicibisholo, imicibisholo, isikhali eziyigugu. Lokhu kuya iqiniso lokuthi ayengakhishwa benza izikebhe lempi ukhomba ngqo. Esikhathini Voronezh esifundeni, eziyisithupha enjalo amathuna watholakala ngo-1998, unyaka. Bangcwatshwa e abesifazane abaneminyaka engu-20 kuya kwengu-25 (kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwabantu ngesikhathi was hhayi ningi than ibe yiminyaka engamashumi amane). Zonke wathola Amazon wavelelwa ukukhula isilinganiso kanye sibalo zamanje. Amathuna, kodwa izingalo atholakele izingxenye lokuphotha, namacici eziyigugu, ikamu ezenziwe amathambo nge umfanekiso ingulule. Cishe njalo ithuna kwaba wesiliva nowethusi esibukweni. Ukwahlulela ngokubukeka ngendlela baye zikhubazekile kwamathanga, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi abesifazane usuhambe ngehhashi.

amathuna amaningi atholakele izinsalela zabantu. Uhlaziyo nesidoda okunikelwe e khona ukuvumele ukusungula Naphansi abayimizulane, ababetholakala eVolga izindunduma. Phakathi kwezinye imivubukulo kwatholakala abangaphezu kwekhulu amathiphu imicibisholo kuwukuthi yokungcwaba zesifazane. Ngezindlela eziningi Abacwaningi baphetha ngokuthi ngokuvamile owesifazane yizicukuthwane kakhulu wangcwatshwa lapha. Konke lokhu kusikisela ukuthi abesifazane iqhawe wahamba side by side nge amadoda empini, futhi kwezinye izimo, kungaba ngokwabo baye ojenene noma izindlovukazi, ukudlala indima umkhuzi abakhulu.

Namandla samanje matriarchal e usages Massaget bezizwe ukuphathwa isakhiwo. Ngokwanele ubufakazi obukholisayo indima ebalulekile abesifazane ekuphileni tribal kubhekwa ukuba amaqhawe Karakalpak inkondlo "amantombazane Amane" ( "Kirk Kiz"). Liphindze lisitjele ngendlela nezigigaba eziningi iqhawe amantombazane. Kufanele ukuthi isisusa wesifazane-iqhawe kubonakala nendumezulu bezizwe eziningi. Nokho, indaba amaqhawe squad samanje e-Asia Ephakathi kuphela Karakalpak. Okumele kuqashelwe yokuthi izici iqhawe besifazane usukela hhayi kuphela e izinkondlo nezindaba, kodwa futhi ingubo zemikhosi umakoti. Karakalpak ngaphambi ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 walondoloza imicikilisho namasiko abantu eyaqala lasendulo stratum of yato yekutfutfukisa umsebenti, okuyinto abaningi Abacwaningi nje isibaluli matriarchy.

ucwaningo

Gita Gotner-Abendort emibhalweni yakhe ichaza umqondo matriarchal kabanzi ngokwanele. Omunye izincwadi zakhe, umlobi "njengamadoda Ukutadisha imiphakathi kwakheka ngaphandle nemigomo yeNhlangano ngebulili". Ngamanye amazwi, Gotner-Abendort uhlelo matriarchal kunquma ukuthi umphakathi lapho ukubusa amadoda ngobulili lincishisiwe noma lumane. Le miphumela ukwesekwa ekumbeni ka abavubukuli ku esiqhingini saseSumatra , futhi imiphumela yocwaningo Isi-Minangkabau isizwe izimpilo, okuyinto eye waqhubeka isiko kanye yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi komama clan uhlelo. Kufanele ukuthi kuleli cala ngaphakathi uhlelo lokulawula isizwe indima evelele kwakungekaNkulunkulu kuphela kowesifazane. empeleni Amadoda wayengenamalungelo futhi ababebhekwa 'bangaphandle ". Isimo kuyiwa kwaba ngo Moso isizwe ephilayo ensimini ka sifundazwe Sichuan. Ize kulandele isizwe wahlala Lwebulungisa matriarchal. Naphezu indima evelele abesifazane, amadoda enze umsebenzi ezingabalulekile kangako: bathandazela inhlalakahle, banesibopho imicikilisho. Futhi izwi labo ezinqumweni ezibalulekile futhi izingxoxo ngezinto tribal akulona zokugcina.

Amandla abesifazane namuhla

Matriarchy emhlabeni namuhla iyagcinwa kuphela kwezinye izindawo eNingizimu-mpumalanga naseNingizimu Asia, Tibet, Afrika. Kufanele ukuthi ngisho nakulezi izakhiwo zombuso abesifazane manje zithathwa njengeziNdawo ezingamaGugu isihlobo. Ngaphansi isimiso esinjalo, isibonelo, uhlala abantu ranathari ayehlala Nepal neNdiya, Garo, Khasi, minangkbau nabanye. Kulezi izizwe, kanye isimo lelisetulu labomake kwenzeka polyandry (polyandry). ngezici ezithile a matriarchy kweqiniso akafanga Tuareg. Lapha kukhona matrilocality futhi matriliny. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abesifazane banelungelo okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuthatha ingxenye ekuxazululeni izinkinga zenhlalo zokuzalanisa. Ngo Tuareg kube namuhla kunesithembiso ocacile yokuloba owesilisa nowesifazane.

isiphetho

Kukholakala ukuthi matriarchate kubonakala ezingeni ngokwanele eliphansi umphakathi. Ngokuphambene, kubonakala sengathi umphakathi lapho indima evelele udlalwa ngekhono nangesu lomuntu. Kukholakala ukuthi Sabefundisi - uhlobo okuqhubekayo ngaphezulu ukuthuthukiswa komphakathi. Nokho, izinhlelo yesimanje eziningi, owesilisa-wabusa, qhubeka ukuhlala esimweni savagery nokungazi. Basuke ngokungenamkhawulo kude ipumelelo yesimanje emhlabeni impucuko. Lezi abantu basaqhubeka behlala ematendeni nemihume. Ngakho-ke, uma sithi umphakathi uye wathuthela kusukela matriarchy esintwini, akulona iqiniso futhi zilungile. Ubukhulu lamadoda ngokuhlelwa komphakathi akashongo ukuthi uhlelo unekhono ukuthuthukisa ku kwamasiko, lobuchwepheshe kanye ezesayensi imigomo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, asikwazi ukusho mayelana indima yabesifazane ekuphathweni komphakathi. Ngokwesibonelo, kungase kubhekwe Indlela yokubusa kwamakhosi eRussia. Njengoba yaziwa, amandla kwaba ngofuzo, futhi ngokuvamile lokho kwanele wokubusa wadlulela abesifazane. Kulezi nezikhathi, ngokusho kwabaningi abacwaningi, kuyacaca ukuthi kubonakala matriarchy eRussia. Nakuba, akungabazeki, ababusi abaningi besilisa bafanelwe yinhlonipho enkulu.