Robert Bryus, King of Scotland: izinqubomgomo zangaphakathi nezangaphandle, Biography

Scottish iqhawe lesizwe Robert Bryus ngempela njengabawufanelekele isihloko zokuhlonipha. nokuziqhenya kwakhe kwangempela baba ibhece empini evuthayo Bannock Burn. Kuphela ngokusebenzisa lesi senzakalo Scotland seluthole ukuzimela eside elindelwe, nakuba indlela yokunqoba kwakunzima.

Robert wacosha banner efanayo wenkululeko kazwelonke wasethula intando abantu babo futhi inkululeko. Umlando of Scotland lihlobene eduze umbusi abadumile, okuphila kwakhe kuze kube namuhla alisho wonke amaqiniso.

Igalelo lakhe angeke kuchazwe amagama ambalwa, kodwa ungakwazi nakanjani ukusho into eyodwa kuphela: abantu yeScotland ihlonipha ngempela inkosi yakhe emchaza eziningi ukubonga ngawo wonke umsebenzi wakhe. Ngaphezu zenkululeko nokuzibusa esuka eNgilandi, eScotland, Bruce wanika eziningi ngcono ekuphileni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi sonke sokubusa wazama ukuvikela emazweni awo kusukela isitha British, njengoba uRobert waba nesikhathi sokwenza ezinye izinto ezisiza ukuba balwe Scots.

Umuntu owasungula le lwamakhosi nabadumile igama

1 URobert wazalelwa 1274, ku-11 Julayi at enqabeni Ternsberri. Wayengumuntu umsunguli lwamakhosi, futhi kube kufanele ashaqe umqhele umbusi. Bruce iseyintsha yayihlala khona esigodlweni Edward 1 - King of England.

Umsuka igama ngenxa yokuthi uhlobo lwe Bruce bavela Normans, ngubani walidla emazweni yaseNormandy.

Omkhulu Dynasty Bruce ungakwazi ngempela okumele siziqhenye ngayo umbusi okunjalo futhi nomholi wezempi, owenza konke kuphela ngenxa yabantu, hhayi ukuze kuzuze bona.

kwakuhileleke Baron Robert De Bryus, kunalokho, wayengumholi wakwa kwavukelwa ekulweni England. Ukuze lokhu yena waba ngikweluleke umvuzo umhlaba eside eYorkshire. Ngenxa Bruce zonke izimo zawo ozalwa phathelana lihlotshaniswa umlando Scottish.

Esewonke amadodana endala emkhayeni unegama elilodwa - URobert. Yiqiniso, konke lokho kwase yokudumisa umsunguli we lwamakhosi. unkosikazi Okokuqala kwaba Isabella (indodakazi isilinganiso uDavide Hantingdonskogo). Kuyinto ngenxa nangomshado wakhe Robert anikezwe ilungelo walala isimangalo yesihlalo sobukhosi Scottish ngokomthetho, bese ukwethula yesimangalo evumelekile okwakufanele abe inkosi. Kodwa ngokushesha umshado wabo inqanyuliwe ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa. Kukhona imithombo eminingana ukuthi atshele izizathu ezahlukene eziningi, kodwa abantu yesimanje iqiniso futhi abazi.

ukuphila yenkosi ngempela ngokugcwele amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, imicimbi kanye izindaba ezincane. intsha yanamuhla elingangena ngokuphepha thatha isibonelo umbusi onjalo. Umumo Wakhe yinhlonipho kwasekuqaleni, bese zonke namakhono.

Endleleni eya umqhele

Ngemva kokufa umbusi Scotland contender ngokuba umqhele ke ababekuqongelele eziningi, kodwa uyise Roberta Bryusa wenqabela le mpikiswano, futhi ngenxa yalokho uphathiswe ngendodana yakhe.

1292 lwaluwushintsho eyenzela uRobert, ngoba wayiswa isihloko Earl of Carrick. Khona-ke, ngemva kokufa kukayise, Robert Bryus baba iNkosi wesikhombisa zikhonza njengezigqila Annandale. Clan ezihlongozwayo ukuphikiswa Ioannu Balliolyu, kamuva abakha yenza isivumelwano nebutho France.

Phakathi naso sonke lesi ukudideka kanye nokulahlekelwa semali sendawo engaphesheya clan waphoqeleka ukuba luhlanganise nezihlubuki, njengoba kwakwenza abaningi yamakhosi yeScotland.

Return of Edward 1 umkhankaso

Ngalesi sikhathi umlando Scotland ilahlekelwa amaqiniso athile, kodwa namanje version olusemthethweni, kukhona eyodwa kuphela.

1 Edward yahlasela iScotland izimpi uqale. Kulezi izimpi, abacibisheli IsiZulu nabamahhashi baphule amabutho esitha, ababusi abaningi kwaketula livela esihlalweni sobukhosi. impi Heavy kumelwe akhuthazelele Bruce clan, futhi ngenxa yalokho, sekuyisikhathi eside buphikisana Clan Cumming.

Robert Bryus ngesihluku wabulala Dzhona Komina, futhi kuphela uma ingxabano phakathi kwamaqembu ukuxazululwa. Lokhu ukubulala Bruce ngempumelelo usule eya umqhele. Amakhosi Scotland ebandleni wamemezela kuye le nkosi entsha wokugcotshwa ngokwayo senzeka ngo Skåne Mashi 10, 1306. Endaweni Ngaqhubeka ukuthi "Stone of Destiny", okuyinto kwaba wokugcotshwa itshe engcwele Scots.

ekumisweni

Usuku lalibe nesiqalo esihle ka wokugcotshwa abantu abaningi bendawo babebaleka sikujabulela ngempela. Ukusayinwa idokhumenti wokugcotshwa kwakusho into eyodwa kuphela - Scotland akafuni ukubona Edward 1 umbusi siqu. Ngakho-ke, ngosuku olufanayo futhi ukuqala impi sokuzibusa.

Robert wahlupheka ukunqotshwa ambalwa, bese umndeni wakhe lathunjwa British. Bruce yena ziphephela ezindaweni eziningi. UPapa mathupha wamxosha esontweni, kodwa ngisho lokhu Eqinisweni akuzange kuwumise Scots, futhi lokho kuvukela kwabo zooms kuphela. Robert Bryus wabuyela ezweni lakubo ngo-February salibangisa khona zonke kumavukelambuso.

indlela enyakatho

Ngenxa likwazi ukuhlalisa inani elandayo eyingxube Edward 1 kwadingeka ukuba afake isicelo izinyathelo ezibophayo kakhulu futhi wanquma ukuhola ibutho enyakatho, futhi kakade bakhona ukuba afeze amacebo abo.

Ngeshwa, zonke amaphupho akhe kwabhujiswa, ngoba wafa ngokuzumayo. Kwathi Awukude komngcele Scotland, futhi bonke wakhulelwa sinqume ukuqhubeka indodana yakhe.

1 Eduard othile eshona kungazelelwe, ngakho indodana yakhe Kwakufanele ngithathe izinyathelo ezinqala, futhi uma sithatha isimo ezandleni zabo siqu, kanti amabutho akhe awazange lahluleka ezinzima.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le Scots kwadingeka amandla ngaphezulu namandla, ngakho amasosha England kancane kancane kukhanywe angaphezu Scotland.

ukuqashelwa yenkosi

Scotland King obize le ephalamende kuqala 1309. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wayengenzanga esontfweni, isithunzi + sakhe obonwa Scottish abefundisi yinkosi.

amabutho Roberta Bryusa olawule kunazo zoke, kanye nayo iBritish wayekade ezindaweni kancane.

Bannockburn indawo uqobo lahluleka okukhulu, ngoba kulapho lapho kutholakala khona i-Scots wanqoba ibutho England, inani wezempi okwakukhona kakhulu ngaphezu amatutu Bruce.

Ngaphezu Scotland, ne-British kanye nema-Irish alwa ngisho njengoba inyunyana kwaphethwa ngokuthi eScotland nase-Ireland. Ngokusho kwale dokhumenti, Ireland babengenalungelo ukushiya umbimbi yibhece isitha, ngakho amabutho ezengeziwe Scots ewusizo.

Ngo 1315 ungumfowabo omncane URobert obonwa yinkosi Irish. Union of Ireland neScotland ilethe impumelelo, kodwa British kwakungafanele ngempela so simple. okuhlaselayo Babephokophele ukwehluleka lamazwe azihlanganisa. ukunqotshwa Huge sabangelwa amatutu Scotland nase-Ireland, futhi umbusi Irish abulawe.

Ekulweni British

Yize konke lokhu ukwehluleka nokulahlekelwa umzalwane iNkosi, Olusheshayo saba side kangakanani. Robert nebutho lakhe ngeke give up. Ukuze ulawule Scots wathutha abanye ngaphezulu ezweni. AmaNgisi wazama ukuqala yesibili emikhulu okuhlaselayo, ethemba ukuthi uzothola inhlonipho impumelelo efanayo, kodwa izinhlelo zabo baphinde ubhujiswe. amabutho Scottish yahlasela abaphikisi ngaphambi, ngakho kwadingeka ukuthi sivimbe wonke uhamba kanye ukuhlulwa.

Robert Bryus nge kanzima kancane ukuphetha isivumelwano wezempi waseFrance. Ngemva konyaka waba izibulo, ngubani, ngokulandelana, futhi kamuva waphumelela kulolo umqhele.

Ingabe wazama okokugcina British senziwe 1327, kodwa ngenhlanhla, umkhankaso wabo kushabalele. amabutho Scottish ezazihlupha ngokuphelele Northumberland futhi futhi lawela phezu emazweni Ireland.

Ngemva konyaka, England waphoqeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano, okuyinto ukufunda mayelana ukuzimela yeScotland. Manje Scotland ubizwa kufanele baba lelitimele, noRobert Bryus wathola inkosi yakhe.

Zonke izimo zezwe esikhathini sokuphela kuvikelwe komshado kuphela Davida Bryusa (indodana eneminyaka emine ubudala Roberta Bryusa) noJoan Plantagenet (Udade oneminyaka engu-eziyisikhombisa Edward III).

kwesidumbu

Inkosi odumile Scotland iwine sebuningini inqubomgomo angaphandle, kanye impumelelo wezempi. Kodwa, naphezu kwayo yonke imisebenzi yakhe futhi ukunqoba, wayesekhona ukufeza umgomo wakhe zaziswe. Robert wayefuna ukudala nesisekelo esiqinile neziphathimandla Scottish, ukuthi wayengeke akwazi ukubashumayeza ukwakha.

Eminyakeni yamuva, yaphathwa isifo esibi - uchoko (uchoko). Ngeshwa, kungekho imishini etholakalayo ukuzihlalela nasekwelapheni abantu, ngakho kwadingeka akhuthazelele konke lokhu ngokwakho bukhoma futhi bakhuthazele kuze kube sekupheleni. Waphila kwaze kwafika futhi ngaleso sikhathi e Cardross, ogwini lapho wafela.

Umzimba, ngesicelo Scotland, wangcwatshwa Dunfermline, futhi inhliziyo yakhe washukumiseleka ukuba eMelrose. Esikhathini esithile ngemva zehlakalo ezimbi yonkana Scotland waphula eziningi zinganekwane, abantu, futhi wabhala inkondlo, izinkondlo, izindaba kanye nokunye. D. Konke lokhu yesandla iNkosi kuchasiselwe amandla wizadi noma ezinye umbusi ezidalweni ezingaphandle komhlaba, owanika abantu bakhe inkululeko, benza imihlatshelo bebodwa.

Ngemva kokushona kwendodana yakhe waphula ulayini lwamakhosi. Umqhele lidlule umzukulu wakhe ohlangothini ibamba insimbi - Robert Stewart.

unkosikazi wesibili

Elizabeth de Burgh kakhulu ngokuthi unkosikazi senkosi yase Scotland yesibili. On kukho kwakukhona zinganekwane eziningi phakathi izakhamuzi zendawo amabutho Scottish, lapho waba yisaga.

Wazalelwa Dunfermline, lapho, njengoba wazi, Robert wachitha iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Yayiyindodakazi kaNkulunkulu umninimandla Richard de Burgh, ngakho umndeni yizicukuthwane uzonginika isimo sakhe ngokwanele.

Nge Robert Bruce Elizabeth de Burgh abesahlanganyela esigodlweni isiNgisi, futhi 1302 base oshadile.