Ufuzo - kusukela endulo kuze kube namuhla

Ufuzo - emkhakheni eziphilayo ukuthi etadisha ufuzo, ufuzo, futhi imithetho nezimiso zakho konke ukwehlukahlukana eziphilayo. Ngomqondo onabile, ngezinga elithile izimpande zofuzo usukela emuva ezinsukwini zakuqala impucuko womuntu lapho umuntu ngephutha wembula yokuthi izidalwa eziphilayo Angaba yindlalifa izici kusukela kokhokho babo, yebo, abazali. Umusa we Eqinisweni enjalo yembula ngokushesha okukhulu, futhi ngakho-ke sasingekho zizalela abakhethayo kokubili okusanhlamvu nezilwane. Nokho, njengoba isayensi yezakhi zofuzo yanamuhla kwaqala ngo maphakathi nekhulu le-nesishiyagalolunye, kanye umsebenzi Gregor Mendel. Ngisho naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesisekelo ngokomzimba kakhulu ufuzo Mendel ayikaziwa, wakwazi ukuqaphela ukuthi izinto eziphilayo ifa ngezici ezithile ngokusebenzisa amayunithi ethize leyehlukene ufuzo. Kuyinto lezi amayunithi thina manje bizelani kimi lokhu ngezakhi ezingamaqoqo.

Ngokuyisisekelo, zofuzo - kukhona izindawo e-DNA ne-DNA - molecule sakhiwe izinhlobo ezine ama-nucleotide, okuyinto ukulandelana kuyinto heritable ukwaziswa kwezakhi zofuzo eziphilayo. Isimiso sezakhi zofuzo, yena, ubuhlobo phakathi nucleotide ukulandelana nama-amino acid ukulandelana, okuyinto banesibopho amaprotheni umsebenzi.

Nokho, izakhi zofuzo, nakuba idlala indima ebalulekile kakhulu ngokubukeka ekuthuthukiseni, ukusebenza, futhi ukuziphatha i umzimba, ichaza hhayi kuphela, ngomqondo ongokomfanekiso, "umphumela wokugcina" ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphandle zofuzo ezazihilelekile kulesi futhi izimo lapho i umzimba ethatha ukuthuthukiswa. ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, ufuzo angase adlale indima ebalulekile ekwakhekeni, isibonelo, i-high-ukukhula kwabo, kodwa ikakhulukazi imvelo, ukudla, inani umsebenzi ngokomzimba ngisho ukukhishwa umzimba ethize - konke okungenza kakhulu kuthinte izimfanelo esibekiwe (ukuphakama).

Inani izifo angadluliselwa ngesikhathi ngqo modeli. izifo maKristu abizwa 'izifo lezinceku "noma izifo, okuvela nokuthuthukiswa lamaseli kubangelwa zamehlo. Omunye akufanele ukudida isifo polietiologichesky futhi iqembu elincane yokufana kwezakhi izifo iqembu. Indlela yilifa nezifo ngenxa yezakhi zofuzo? Ngesisekelo izifo lezinceku noyedwa ngaphandle ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo Imininingwane inheritable - kungakhathaliseki zofuzo, chromosomal noma ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo mitochondrial. akhawunti izifo Ukubambezeleka isikhathi esingaphezu anamathandathu amawaka.

Ngokwezibalo, izingane amahlanu noma ayisithupha namashumi kusuka usana ozalwa ethile isifo kunqunywa zofuzo, ngokuvamile isifo nge yofuzo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi eziningi izifo akunakubangelwa kwasekuzalweni, kanye nalabo noma ezinye okuphula e ekukhuleni kwengane. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo zihlanganisa ezinye izifo eyifa kwenzeka njengoba okokuqala, kanye ngofuzo kubazali (noma omunye wabo). Amathuba kokuba ingane nale noma ukuthi isifo zofuzo okubangelwa kuncike eziningi amaqiniso, kuhlanganise:

1. yobudala abazali. Kusukela ngeminyaka kumaseli aqoqana ngaphezulu nezincane ezingaphezu ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ayanda njengoba umuntu ekhula futhi ingozi yokuba ingane nge angahlangani zofuzo;

2. esihlobene nezokuxhumana. Izihlobo kungaba abathwali izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo iziguli, okuyinto ngokucacile zibulale inzalo;

3. ngaphambili elalihlangana umndeni anomaly zofuzo. Lokhu kungaba noma ngesimo isifo ngofuzo, futhi phambi kwezingane evele isigula ozalwa;

4. okuqondene ezithile namaqembu ezinhlanga.

Maye, indlela engcono kakhulu ukwelapha izifo zofuzo umuntu kuyinto zokuvimbela zabo, okuyinto kubhekwa zofuzo kokubonisana nokuhlolwa zofuzo - ngisho nangaphambi nje ebamba isisu.