I-Carbamide - kuyini? Umanyolo we-Carbamide. Izici, uhlelo lokusebenza, intengo

Esinye sezimo ezibalulekile zokuthola isivuno esihle samajikijolo, imifino nezithelo ukudla okunomsoco kwenhlabathi nezitshalo. Futhi uma kuqala lokho okukhethwa kukho kwakunomkhawulo wendaba ejwayelekile, manje umanyolo wanamuhla uye weza ukusiza abalimi nabalimi , ukuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela yokuvunwa kwonyaka. Esinye sezidakamizwa ezithandwayo kakhulu ezithinta amagciwane yi- carbamide (urea). Yingakho abalimi abaqalayo bebuza ukuthi yini i-carbamide, ukuthi iyini. Ingabe le nto ifanelekile, isibonelo, yokunakekela ingadi noma utshani?

I-Carbamide-Umanyolo: izinzuzo

Izinzuzo zaleli thuluzi ziningi. Uma ukhetha amakhemikhali amaminerali, kubalulekile ukwazi nge-carbamide, ukuthi akuyona nje impumelelo emihle ezitshalweni, kodwa futhi kulula ukusabalalisa okufanayo emhlabathini. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe-Organic, ngokungafani ne-urea ye-granulated, kunzima ukusabalalisa ngokulinganayo emhlabathini, okungaholela ekuvuneni okunganelisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbamide inomphumela ohlala njalo, kancane kancane unikeza izitshalo zamaminerali izitshalo.

Ngakho yini i-carbamide

Ake sinikeze incazelo emfushane: i-carbamide - iyini le nto, yiziphi izici zayo nokubukeka. Le umanyolo we-nitrogen onjengama-crystallite amhlophe noma aguquguqukayo awunamaphutha futhi ngokushesha ahlakazeka emanzini avamile kanye ne-ammonia, kanye ne-anhydride esulfure. Iyancibilika ekushiseni kuka 132,7 ° C.

I-Carbamide-Umanyolo inomuthi wamakhemikhali (NH2) 2CO futhi ikhiqizwa ngokweqile ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-carbon dioxide ne- ammonia. Okubaluleke kakhulu okuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-nitrogen egxile (46%), okubaluleke kakhulu ekutshalweni kwezitshalo. Kusukela kwamanye amagama e-urea okuvame kakhulu urea, kanye ne-carbonic acid diamide.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-urea (urea)

Noma kunjalo, i-carbamide - iyini: into emele eyingozi noma ewusizo, nokuthi ingabe isetshenziswe njengomanyolo wensimbi noma ingadi? Iphi lapho isetshenziswa kakhulu?

(NH2) 2CO isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutshala izitshalo, ukulima, ukukhiqiza izilwane, njengokondla ngokugcwele komhlabathi, ukuhlanganiswa kwezimboni zamanzi, ukukhiqizwa kwe-fiberboard, izitshalo zamandla ezishisayo, njll. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbamide isetshenziselwa ukwelashwa njengenye yezingxenye zamaphilisi okulala kanye ne-anticancer Izidakamizwa, futhi embonini yokudla - ukukhiqizwa kwezinsini zokuhlafuna. Ngamanye amazwi, izinzuzo ze-urea ziyabonakala.

Umanyolo wesitoreji, izinyathelo zokuphepha

Ukukhiqizwa okukhulu kwe-urea nezinye izinto eziqukethe i-nitrogen ngamazinga kahulumeni eRussian Federation kwenziwa ngamabhizinisi amakhemikhali aseVerm, Togliatti, Cherepovets naseNovovoskovsk.

Ukuze umkhiqizo ungabi yikhekhe lapho ugcinwa, ukukhululwa kwawo kufana nama-granules agcwele izikhwama zokufaka umswakama. Ngendlela, isimo se-granular yezinto ezibonakalayo senza ukuba i-uniform ifafaze phezu kwenhlabathi yensimu, ithuthukise isivuno semikhiqizo yezolimo.

Iziqukathi zokupakisha zingaba yi-bitumen yephepha noma i-laminated, futhi i-carbamide-umanyolo igcinwa kahle emasakeni esikhombisayo, ngisho nasemoyeni ovulekile. Imfuneko eyinhloko yezimo zokugcina impahla iwukuvikela emanzini, futhi uma kwenzeka kubalwa isitoreji kubalulekile ukuthi ungaxubani nezinye izinhlanganisela. Isikhathi esivamile sokusetshenziswa kwe-urea izinyanga eziyisithupha, kodwa imikhiqizo yokudayisa ingagcina ikhwalithi yayo iminyaka engaba ngu-2.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuphepha lapho usebenza ne-nitrogen umanyolo, izinto zokuzivikela eziyisisekelo ezifana nama-overalls nezicathulo, amaglavu enjoloba noma i-cotton, ukuphefumula kufanele kugqoke. Uma izinyathelo ezinjalo ziphawulwa, kuzokwazi ukugwema ukushisa nokushisa.

Ukuqhutshwa kwe-autumn kwensimu

Ukucubungula insimu ekwindla nge-urea kungenziwa ngesisombululo noma nge-powder eyomile. Kunoma yikuphi, lokhu kuyithuluzi elihle lokupompa ngezikhathi ze-plums, ama-apula, amapheya, kusukela ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, kuze kufike amaqabunga. Khona-ke, insimu iphathwa ngemva kokuba izithelo ziboshwe futhi ekupheleni kwekwindla. Isixazululo se-carbamide sizosiza ukuvikela isitshalo esizayo kuzo zonke izinambuzane eziyingozi. Lokhu nakho ukugqoka okuhle kakhulu.

Ukwelashwa kwensimu ekwindla nge-urea kwenziwa ngendlela elandelayo. Umanyolo we-nitrojeni (500-700 amagremu) uhlanjululwe ebhaketheni lama-10-litre lamanzi futhi uphefwe ngokucophelela phezu kwezinkuni nomhlaba ozungeza isiqu. Kuhle kakhulu ukwenza le nqubo ekwindla sekwephuzile, ngo-Okthoba-Novemba, ekushiseni okungekho ngaphansi kuka-10 degrees.

I-Carbamide yezihlahla zezithelo

Ukunakekelwa kwentwasahlobo yensimu kuzokusiza ukuqeda izibungu ezinambuzane ezisemhlabathini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-carbamide izokwehlisa ukwehla, isibonelo, amapulazi, azogcina isithelo sokuqala esiqhumayo kusuka emaqanda.

Ukuze uvikele i-apula, iplamu, i-pear kanye ne-cherry kusuka kuma-aphid, ama-leafworms, izimbali ze-apula nezinye izinambuzane, izihlahla zifuthiwe ekugcineni kwezimbali, cishe ngesonto.

I-Carbamide concentration of 7-10% isetshenziselwa ukucubungula ekwindla eyedlule, okuyisici esibalulekile ekulungiseleleni insimu yonyaka olandelayo. Umphumela wukukhula kweqhwa, ukuthuthukiswa okunempilo kwezihlahla nezithelo.

I-Carbamide yensimu

Udaba lwe-organic luyinto ebalulekile ekutshaleni kwezitshalo ezitshalwe engadini, kodwa lokhu akukwanele ukuqoqwa okuhle kwezithelo zomsebenzi wepulazi.

I-Carbamide-Umanyolo isetshenziselwa kakhulu ukutshala imifino njengengxenye egcwele. Ukuze uthole i-zucchini, ukwelashwa kabili ngekhambi eliketshezi ngesikhathi se-ovary sesithelo kulungile, futhi isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinsuku ezingu-10-12 sanele.

Ukuze uthole isithombo sebhitrudi, inhlanganisela ye-urea (isipuni esingu-1) ne-potassium chloride (15 g) ne-boric acid (5 g) kuyoba ekahle, ezoqinisa isiko futhi ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa okuhle kwamaqabunga amaqabunga. Ukwandisa isivuno okungenani okungama-20% kungafinyelelwa ngokufaka umanyolo ngomhlabathi nge- zinc sulfate, manganese nethusi ngokwesilinganiso se 10/10/10 g ngalinye ibhakede lamanzi eli-10.

Ukhukhamba kunama-whimsical, ngakho-ke, ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle, kuyadingeka indlela edidiyelwe. Ukuphalaza nge-urea kuzokwenza ngcono ngekhwalithi futhi kuphuthumise isikhathi se-fruiting. Ama-ukhukhamba abamba ukushisa azokhula kahle ngenxa yokudla kokudla kwama-foliar ngesonto lesi-5, okungenani izikhathi ezimbili ngenyanga. Ukulinganisa kwamakhemikhali amaminerali kungathathwa kalula ngokuzimela, ngokusekelwe ezincomo ezipakethe. Ukwakhiwa kungabandakanya: i-urea, ukugqoka okuphezulu kwe- potassium , i-superphosphates ne-nitrate.

Ukuze utamatisi kusetshenziswe ukulungisa i-carbamide yetshezi yokupuniza izishayizi ekuthuthukiseni izitshalo zensimu (isipuni esingu-1), nokusetshenziswa cishe kwama-10 amalitha esisombululo ngezihlahla eziyishumi.

Ukucubungula i-berry ehlathini

Urea ingacubungulwa amajikijolo akho owathandayo: ama-strawberries, i-gooseberries, ama-currants nabanye. Lokhu kuzothuthukisa izimbali eziningi futhi isivuno esihle kakhulu ngesikhathi esizayo. Isibonelo, ngo-Agasti ama-strawberries afakwe kahle nge-granulated urea (30 g).

Ukuze i-gooseberries ne-currants zilungiselele isisombululo sokufafaza: 1 tbsp. I-spoonful of carbamide no-2 amagremu we-zinc sulfate ne-boric acid. Yenza inqubo ngesikhathi se-ovary kanye nezimbali, okwandisa ukukhula ngo-10-20% futhi ithuthukise isivuno.

I-Carbamide njengomanyolo wezimbali

Kulabo abahlanganyela emasimini ensimu abathandwayo noma abafuna ukuzungeza indlu yabo ngendwangu enhle, kuyoba usizo ukwazi ukuthi i-rose, i-carnation, i-lilac ne-grass grass utshani idinga ukubuyiswa komhlabathi okwesikhashana nge-fertilizer nitrogen fertilizer.

I-roses, ukudla okunomsoco okubalulekile kubalulekile phakathi nenkathi yezimbali eziningi, okungenziwa njalo ngemva kwamasonto amabili kusukela ekuqaleni kwayo ngesisombululo se-urea esibuthakathaka, kanye ne-potassium ne-phosphorus.

Ukusika ama-clove kungakapheli inyanga nengxenye ngemuva kokutshala kudinga ukuphalaza masonto onke we-urea (50 g) ne-mullein (1:10).

Kusukela maphakathi noMeyi, lapho ukuvuvukala kwe-lilac eqala, amahlumela angasetshenziselwa isixazululo se-1% se-carbamide izikhathi ezingu-3-4 nge-interval of days 10, bese kuthi ingadi izojabula isikhathi eside ngeqabunga elimnandi futhi elimnandi ngephunga elimnandi elimnandi elimnandi.

Ukuze ukhiqize utshani obuhle, obuluhlaza obuluhlaza, urea njengomanyolo womtshani uphonswa kwiziqu kanye namahlamvu ngenani elikhonjiswe kwiphakheji ngokubunjwa.

Inani lomanyolo urea

Intengo ye-nitrojeni yomanyolo we-carbamide ihlukahluka kuye ngokuthi inkathi kanye nomthamo (ukudayiswa noma ukudayisa) - cishe ama-ruble angu-7 kuya kwangu-17 ngamathani ayi-17. Kuyasiza kakhulu ukuthenga lo mkhiqizo kusengaphambili, ekwindla bese uwubeka endaweni eyomile. Kuphela ngale ndlela ongagcina imali ebalulekile, ngoba ukuphuluka kwentwasahlobo kuzokubangela ukuthi umthamo wamanani uvuke.

I-Carbamide iyimanyolo ehlukile ye-nitrogen, efaneleka cishe kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi. Ekukhuleni kwezitshalo zensimu kunomphumela ovusa amadlingozi, uzigcwalisa ngezici ezilandelanayo ezidingekayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kuphazamisa ukukhiqizwa kokhula. Njengokudla okungabizi, okungezibiza okungezelelwe nokuvikela izitshalo zensimu, irea uhlala ezikhundleni zokuqala phakathi kwamanye amaminerali.