Filipp Makedonsky: Biography isizathu uPhilip II Macedon impumelelo lempi

Inkosi yaseMakedoniya uPhilip II waziwa emlandweni njengoba umnqobi engumakhelwane Greece. Wakwazi ukwakha ibutho elisha, ukuhlanganisa imizamo yabantu ayo nokwandisa amandla komngcele. impumelelo kaFiliphu akulutho phambi ngokunqoba lendodana yakhe siqu, Aleksandra Velikogo, kodwa nguye owadala zonke izimfanelo for abazifezile olukhulu ukuze angene esikhundleni sakhe.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Inkosi yasendulo filipp Makedonsky wazalwa ngo-382 BC. e. edolobheni lakubo laliyinhloko-dolobha Pella. Ubaba Filippa Aminta III uphezu okuyisibonelo. Wakwazi hlanganani izwe lakhe, ngaphambi waqhekeka waba principalities eziningana. Nokho, ngemva kokufa Amyntas inkathi yokuchuma iphelile. Macedonia waphinda ngiyaquleka. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ezweni usongelwa futhi izitha wangaphandle, kuhlanganise Illyrians futhi Thracians. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi zizwe enyakatho atheleka ehlasela omakhelwane babo.

Ubuthakathaka ukusetshenziswa Macedonian namaGreki. Ngo-368 BC. e. benza uhambo oluya enyakatho. Ngenxa yalokho, filipp Makedonsky elathunjwa futhi wathunyelwa eThebes. Kuyisimanga, kodwa ukuhlala khona bamisa kuphela ukuzuza intsha. I IV c. BC. e. EThebes wayengomunye walabo idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke-Greek. Kulomuzi wahlangana kalowo Macedonian esimisweni sezenhlalo amaGreki nokuthuthukiswa emasiko abo. Waze yingcweti izisekelo karate amaGreki. kamuva Konke lokhu nakho kwaba nomthelela inqubomgomo, okuyinto eyaba phambili iNkosi uPhilip II of Macedon.

Rise ukuze amandla

Ngo-365 BC. e. le nsizwa waphindela kwelakubo. Ngalesi sikhathi, esihlalweni sobukhosi kwakungekaNkulunkulu umfowabo omdala Perdiccas III. I impilo elokuthula ePhela lalephuliwe lapho kwabaseMakedoniya babesendlini futhi iyahlaselwa Illyrians. Lezi omakhelwane esongelayo endaweni impi ewumnqamula-juqu, wanqoba ibutho Perdika, ngaleyo ndlela kwashona ubasi omunye 4000 Philip Bakwethu.

Amandla Ifa wadlulela indodana yakhe efile - a Amyntas ezincane. Philip waqokwa ibamba. Naphezu kobusha yakhe, wabonisa izimfanelo zakhe ezivelele ubuholi futhi wakholisa elite zezombusazwe yezwe ngomzuzwanyana olunzima kangaka, lapho isitha emnyango, kufanele sobukhosi, kanye nokuvikela u-elaliyizakhamuzi bahlaseli. Aminta wagudluzwa. Ngakho eminyakeni 23, Philip 2 Omkhulu waba inkosi yezwe. Ngenxa yalokho, akazange ashiye esihlalweni sobukhosi kuze kube sekufeni kwakhe.

Zezombusazwe kanye Strategy

Kusukela ekuqaleni wokubusa filipp Makedonsky uye wabonisa amakhono zawo ezimangalisayo zamanxusa. Akazange abe namahloni phambi usongo kwakunenqaba yabaseThrace futhi wanquma ukulwa naso, hhayi ngezikhali, kanye nemali. Zokugwazela engumakhelwane Prince Philip wenza umonakalo kunekhona uvikelekile ezweni lakubo. Monarch Futhi ngiwuthumbile umuzi obalulekile we-Amfipholi, lapho ezimayini zegolide zilungisiwe. Ngokufinyelela ku-metal ezihloniphekayo, yengcebo waqala Mint eliphezulu zemali. UMbuso benza izizumbulu zemali.

Ngemva kwalokho, uPhilip II Macedon waqala ukudala ibutho elisha. Waqasha abaculi angaphandle eyakha lamadolobha esimanjemanje kakhulu ngesikhathi livinjezelwe izikhali (uphonsa izibhamu, izihlilingi, nokunye. D.). Ukusebenzisa ukufumbathisa izitha njengoba singahambi ngobuqili, le nkosi iqale ukusungulwa a Macedonia obumbene, futhi ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukwamukelwa ukunwetshwa zangaphandle. Yena waba nenhlanhla ngomqondo wokuthi ngaleso sikhathi Greece uqale ukuzwa eyayizothatha isikhathi eside inhlekelele yezombangazwe, kuhambisana civil ngokuxabana ubutha nezinqubomgomo. Northern namaqaba ebathenga kalula ngegolide.

Izinguquko ibutho

Eqaphela ukuthi ubukhulu isimo ngokusekelwe emandleni yempi yakhe, inkosi kabusha ngokuphelele amabutho akhe ahlomile amasha. Kuyini impi Filippa Makedonskogo? Impendulo itholakala lo mkhuba le ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu Macedonian. Kwaba impi entsha elihamba, okwakuwuphawu ibutho ukubaluleka 1,500. Ukuthola le phalanges kwakusekelwe ezizathwini indawo, okuvumela nokuxhumana ngcono phakathi amasosha ngokwabo.

Omunye kumiswa ezinjalo kwakuba ezihlukahlukene Lochos - imigqa 16 nemigundatshani. Umugqa ngamunye kwadingeka umsebenzi ayo enkundleni yempi. Leyo nhlangano entsha lithuthukile izimfanelo elwa kwezinhloko zamaviyo. Manje ibutho Macedonian wathutha integrally kanye monolithically, futhi uma-ke kwakudingekile ukuvula ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu, le redeployment waqala obhekene lokhu Lochos ngu okuwuphawu omakhelwane. udonse lonke kuye. Lochos Kugcinwe ukubukwa ngokuvumelana regiments nokwakhiwa lesifanele, silungisa comrades amaphutha.

Ngakho-ke kwakukhona impi enamandla Filippa Makedonskogo? Impendulo itholakala isinqumo yenkosi ukuhlanganisa isipiliyoni amabutho akwelinye izwe. Lapho esemusha, uFiliphu wahlala eThebes behlonipha isiboshwa. Elapho, watholana emtatsheni wezincwadi wendawo ne imisebenzi strategist ngesiGreki izikhathi ezahlukene. Ukubhekelwa abaningi babo kamuva umfundi olubucayi futhi bakwazi owavusa amabutho awo siqu.

rearmament amabutho

Ukuxoxisana ngama izinguquko lempi, filipp Makedonsky alalelwa hhayi kuphela inhlangano kodwa futhi izikhali. Lapho uvele sarissa empini. Ngakho kwabaseMakedoniya nabizelwa umkhonto eside. nemigundatshani sarissofory wathola nezinye izikhali. Phakathi nesivunguvungu le ezinezivikelo eziqinile izikhundla isitha ababevame imicibisholo uphonsa, okuyizinto oyibamba kakhulu buqamama, kubabulali amanxeba ebulalayo.

inkosi Macedonian Philip wenza nebutho lakhe lokujeziselwa kakhulu. Amasosha bafunda ukubhekana izikhali nsuku zonke. It wathatha umkhonto eside ngezandla zombili, ngakho amasosha kaFiliphu esetshenziswa izihlangu zethusi eyayibonakala ivalile kwenye indololwane.

Ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu kugcizelelwe umsebenzi walo main - ukugcina umthelela abaphikisi. 2 UFiliphu of Macedon, futhi kamuva indodana yakhe, u-Alexander, wafike wasetshenziselwa ehlasela amandla main nalawo agibela amahhashi. Wabhula ibutho isitha okwamanje lapho yena wazama ukuba singangeni ngenkani ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu.

Emkhankasweni wempi

Ngemva kokuba inkosi Macedonian Philip wabona ukuthi ukuguqulwa ibutho yathela izithelo, waqala agxambukele ezindabeni omakhelwane ngesiGreki. Ngo 353 BC. e. amsekela le Delphic sokusebenzisana kanye nempi yombango amaGreki. Ngemva kokunqoba saseMakedoniya liye lanqotshwa laseThessaly, futhi kwaba kwabaningi ngesiGreki lizisho neyaziwayo umlamuli futhi umlamuli.

Le mpumelelo kwaba kuzalwa yokunqotshwa ikusasa Greece. Nokho, izithakazelo Macedonia Awuboshezelwe Greece. Ngo 352 BC. e. empini yaseThrace. Kwakuthinta okuqalwe filipp Makedonsky. Biography of lo muntu iyisibonelo esivelele kumlawuli, eyayifuna ukuvikela izithakazelo zabantu zabo. Ingxabano owaqala ngokuvukela yaseThrace ngenxa ukungaqiniseki zokugeza umngcele izifunda lamazwe amabili. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-impi, namaqaba yavuma ndawo yasekuqaleni. Ngakho Thracians wayazi ukuthi kwakukhona impi enamandla Filippa Makedonskogo.

Olinfskaya impi

Ngokushesha umbusi Macedonian uqalisiwe kokungenela yayo eGreece. Ukulandela indlela yakhe uvele Chalcis Union, okuyinto eye yaba inqubomgomo main Olynthos. Ngo 348 BC. e. ibutho Filippa Makedonskogo sika evimbezela edolobheni. league Chalkidian uyakuthola ukusekelwa ase-Athene, kodwa usizo lwabo kwase kwephuzile.

Olynthus athunjwa, washisa futhi ubhujiswe. Njengoba Macedonia uye laphinda landiswa kwemingcele yayo eningizimu. Ukuze-ke, kwanezelwa nezinye imizi Chalcis Union. Independent kwaba kuphela engxenyeni eseningizimu Greece. Izimbangela Filippa Makedonskogo impumelelo kwezempi Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izenzo esihleliwe ibutho laso, futhi ngakolunye - ku kwehlukana zombusazwe Polis ngesiGreki, ongathandanga ukuhlobanisa nomunye lapho sibhekene nengozi zangaphandle. A ohlakaniphile onekhono, abanekhono lokusebenzisa kokungahoshelani kwabaphikisi bakhe.

umkhankaso umSkithe

Nakuba abantu ababephila ngesikhathi yayingidida umbuzo Yaba yini izizathu impumelelo lempi Filippa Makedonskogo, inkosi yasendulo baqhubeka ukunqoba kwakhe. Ngo-340 BC. e. Wahamba waya empini emelene Perinthus futhi eByzantium - koloni ngesiGreki, ngubani elawulwa strait ehlukanisa iYurophu ne-Asia. njengoba iDardanelles Namuhla yaziwa, futhi ngaleso sikhathi owayebizwa ngokuthi yaseHellespont.

Ngaphansi Perinthus namaGreki WaseByzantium wanikeza wenqaba sina ukuba abahlaseli, futhi uFiliphu wayenamadodakazi ashona. Wahamba waya empini emelene amaSkithe. Njengoba nje ubuhlobo kwabaseMakedoniya nalaba bantu kakhulu sawohloka. Umholi amaSkithe Athey nje kokuba ucele usizo lwebutho Philip alwisane kuhlasela labantu abayimizulane angomakhelwane. inkosi Macedonian wamthumela butho elikhulu.

Lapho UFlebhe bekungeweBhethe ngaphansi izindonga waseByzantium, kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya ulinga edolobheni, wazithola baxakekile. Khona-ke le nkosi ebuzwa Ateius ukumsiza ngemali ngandlela-thile ukumboza izindleko ezihlobene ekuvinjezelweni isikhathi eside. Umholi amaSkithe ephendula yakhe bakloloda wenqaba umakhelwane. Philip akabubekezelelanga ukuthuka ezinjalo. Ngo 339 BC. e. waya enyakatho, makaye enkembeni ukuze ajezise amaSkithe ekhohlisayo. Lezi abayimizulane yoLwandle Olumnyama ibiyenziwa ngobugebengu. Ngemva lo mkhankaso, abaseMakedoniya ekugcineni ibuyela ekhaya, nakuba hhayi isikhathi eside.

Battle of Chaeronea

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, iSonto LamaGreki lizisho yenza isivumelwano aqondiswe ukunwebeka Macedonian. Philip, leli qiniso ayizange udidekile. Lisaqhuba ukuthi ziragele labo eningizimu. Ngo 338 BC. e. Kwaba impi ewumnqamula-juqu ye Chaeronea. Ngesisekelo ibutho YesiGreki impi lalinabashumayeli izakhamuzi zase-Athene neThebes. Lezi zinqubomgomo amabili ayengoMahaloni nabarholi bezepolotiki Greece.

Le mpi kuphawuleka for iqiniso ukuthi kwaba khona abangu-indlalifa oneminyaka engu-18 ubudala kuya Tsar Alexander. Wayefanele asifunda kulokho okwenzeka, okuyinto ibutho Filippa Makedonskogo. Umbusi wayala ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu, kuyilapho yindodana yakhe nokulahla mabutho phezu flank ngakwesokunxele. Trust sasifanele. KwabaseMakedoniya wanqoba izitha. Abase-Athene nge enethonya sezombusazwe eyiqaphuqaphu Demosthenes bayo labaleka ababevela empini.

League of Corinth

Ngemva kokunqotshwa Chaeronea ngesiGreki lizisho elahlekile amabutho azo zokugcina ngomzabalazo ihlelwe kuFiliphu. Izingxoxo ngekusasa Greece. yi Babephokophele ukudalwa League of Corinth. Manje amaGreki zazisesimweni esibi sokuncika yenkosi Macedonian, nakuba ngokusemthethweni imithetho ubudala basindiswa kubo. UPhilip wafunda ezinye emadolobheni.

I Union sidalwe ngaphansi kwebhaxa umzabalazo ikusasa yasePheresiya. ibutho Macedonian Filippa Makedonskogo wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela yedwa le despotism empumalanga. NgesiGreki lizisho bavumelana lokunikeza amabutho enkosi. Philip wavuma wasemuva lonke namasiko amaGreki. Yena ngokwakhe wahlupheka kakhulu kusukela ngokoqobo YesiGreki impilo yezwe labo.

Ingxabano emndenini

Ngemva kokuhlangana ngempumelelo Greece ngaphansi kokubusa kwakhe Philip wayeya zimemezele impi ku yasePheresiya. Nokho, izinhlelo zakhe bekakhandelwa ngokuxabana umndeni. Ngo-337 BC. e. Washada nentombi Cleopatra, okwaholela nasempini yokulwa kumkakhe wokuqala, ama-Olympics. Kungaleso Philip wakhe indodana, u-Alexander, owayezoba umholi omkhulu kunabo lempi endulo ezimiselwe esikhathini esizayo. I Scion akazange athathe isinyathelo kayise nangemva edelelwa unina kwesokunxele kwabalindi bakhe.

Filipp Makedonsky, ogama biography wayegcwele yimpumelelo nomkhankaso wempi, ayikwazanga avumele isimo sakhe ukuba liphuke kusuka ngaphakathi ngenxa ezingqubuzana yindlalifa. Ngemva kwezingxoxo ezinde ekugcineni ukubuyisana indodana. UFiliphu ayezofika kuzo ePheresiya, kodwa ikakhulukazi inhlokodolobha kwadingeka ukuqeda imishado.

ukubulala

Kolunye emadilini samaholide yinkosi wakhululwa kungazelelwe kwabulawa unogada wakhe ogama lakhe lalingu sikaPausanias. Ezinye izindaba zika-onogada ngokushesha asebenzelana nayo. Ngakho-ke, ayikaziwa yini eyashukumisela lo mbulali. Abukho ubufakazi obuphathekayo ngokuxhumanisa ubani ngesakhiwo, izazi-mlando akudingeki.

Kungenzeka ukuthi ngemva sikaPausanias kwaba inkosikazi yokuqala kaFiliphu Olympics. Futhi asikabi version ukuthi ukubulawa Alexander okuhleliwe. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, kungaba inhlekelele, okuyinto Kwagqashuka 336 BC. e., alethwe amandla indodana Philip. Waqhubeka umsebenzi kayise. Ngokushesha ibutho Macedonian ngilinqobile lonke eMpumalanga Ephakathi zaze zayofika emngceleni waseNdiya. Isizathu salokhu impumelelo ayixhomekile kuphela ithalente amasu ka-Aleksandru, kodwa izinguquko eside kaFiliphu. Layidalile bayibutho eqinile futhi umnotho ozinzile, ngenxa okuyinto indodana yakhe iwine eziningi emazweni.