NATO impi e-Afghanistan (2001-2014): izimbangela, imiphumela kanye nemiphumela

Ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula ngo-September 11, 2001 waqala impi e-Afghanistan. Sitshele kafushane ukuthi ngalezi izenzakalo kunzima, kodwa sizozama ukuze uhlale amaqiniso abaluleke kakhulu futhi izici. Ake uqale nge yokuthi ukushayisana emikhulu e nobukhulu bayo zingahlukaniswa zibe imisebenzi eminingana emikhulu Tactical:

• "Ukukhuthazela Freedom".
• "Ukusebenza Anaconda".
• Ukusebenza eningizimu Afghanistan.

Ukuqala ukusebenza kanye amaqembu eziyinhloko ukungqubuzana

I standoff eyathatha isikhathi eside. Ngo-1989, iSoviet Union washiya eveni letintsaba waletha yonke akuxhomekile lempi. Kodwa ngemva kwalokho ukuthula esifundeni asikafiki. Usongo lwezigebengu ubuphekula nobudlova Kwagqashuka ngamandla ngendlela engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili. A impi olunegazi yombango engozini izimpilo izakhamuzi kude Afghanistan.

Isimo ezisengozini futhi Russian Federation. Ngemva kokuwa emngceleni Soviet phakathi Afghanistan futhi amazwe asanda ezimele - Tajikistan futhi Uzbekistan - ivulekile ngokugcwele. amazwe amabili ayesanda kumiswa Asian babé zone sesikhashana futhi wokuba umbhidisi izidakamizwa kanye nezikhali kusukela Central Asia ezweni lethu. Impi yezwe ubuphekula ayikapheli. Russia, naphezu ukunakekelwa, waphoqeleka ukuba angenele. Usizo waqala banethonya owayekade eyisitha wase-USSR - Northern Alliance - empini baso engibukhulumile Taliban. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, i-Taliban yiwona asondelene ngabangani bethu kuze kube semngceleni Tajikistan.

NATO Ukuhileleka ingxabano nesithi "Umkhankaso Ukukhuthazela Freedom"

Konke kwashintsha ngo-2001. Ngemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula e-United States samemezela ukuthi injongo impi ukulwa nobuphekula nokuba umuntu athuthukise nokuvikelwa samagugu entando yeningi kuleli zwe. Yaqala impi omude NATO e Afghanistan.

Northern Alliance, sibambe isimo, waqhubeka ecasula. Ngokusemthethweni, Russia asekelwe ayehlasela US. Nakuba abaningi ezweni lethu wamukela kokungenela NATO e-Afghanistan njengoba basongela ukulondeka kwezwe. Ngesikhathi sokuhlasela US nase Taliban umbimbi GCWELE ENGAMELA lizwe. Le modi phambi ukungqubuzana ukuqaphela kanye ukusekela okunjalo umbimbi American ezifana Pakistan kanye Saudi Arabia.

Isendlalelo ukungqubuzana

Kungani impi e-Afghanistan? Kafushane mayelana nezizathu ungakwazi basho lokhu okulandelayo: Septhemba 11, 2001 ku shopping centre e-New York esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni iphahlazeka indiza yadunwa abashokobezi. Twin Towers, njengoba zazaziwa kanjalo emhlabeni wonke, zazibhekwa uphawu lwempumelelo, ukuchuma nenhlalakahle United States njengoba ukubangisana kwemibuso emikhulu kwezomnotho enamandla. Lolu phawu elapha isinyathelo esisodwa kuya Statue odumile Liberty. Kodwa uma uphawu lokugcina ukuzimela kwezombusazwe kanye nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya American, umbhoshongo - kwezomnotho nenhlalakahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yonke into baseMelika babekholelwa ezweni labo iyona abanokuthula kunabo bonke futhi aphephe izinsongo zangaphandle. ukushaqeka umphumela wawudlula inhlokomo ngesikhathi kuhlasela Japanese on the Pacific base-US Air Force eHawaii at Pearl Harbor. izinganekwane American kwaphela ku 11 Septhemba. Umlando lahlukaniswa laba ngaphambi nangemva kokuhlasela kwamaphekula.

Yini eyayibangele lokho esabekayo nhlekelele neyaziwayo "Al Qaeda". ikhanda lakhe Osama bin Laden neyaziwayo inombolo amaphekula international 1, futhi wamemezela ukuzingelwa kuye. Wasenyamalala ku Afghanistan kusukela Taliban. US kanye kubangane bawo anxenxa give up bin Laden, kodwa wenqaba. Taliban wacela ubufakazi ukubandakanywa "Al Qaeda 'e ngamabhomu Trade Center esisenyakatho, eNew York. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho sizokwazi inkhulumomphendvulwano. NATO impi e-Afghanistan isibe akunakugwenywa.

Inkambo empini

Septhemba 22, 2001, i-Saudi Arabia kanye Pakistan aphule ngokugcwele zonke izibopho Taliban. Yenqaba nabo besiza yalwa Northern Alliance, futhi NATO ilungiselela lokuteleka. Sikhula a yokuthutheleka okukhulu kwababaleki ababulawa kusukela e-Afghanistan kuya Pakistan.

imisebenzi Military waqala Okthoba 7, 2001 njengoba izindiza. Eyokuqala babhujiswa ezincane emoyeni ukuzivikela the Taliban. Amane izindiza US kanye British wasemoyeni umkhankaso bombardment omkhulu bamatshe zamasu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ngoxhaxha wabe ukuqalisa cruise ezicitshwayo ekulweni nesitha, futhi amayunithi olukhethekile phansi amabutho waqala operation phansi.

Taliban umangalele ukuthi alwe ngempumelelo air kuphangwa, waze wabonisa isiqeshana chassis indiza, kusolakala ukuthi abeka phansi emoyeni isimiso sokuzivikela. Kodwa Central Command inqatshelwe lolu lwazi, bethi ukulwa indiza CH-47 hit edwaleni. Imoto elaliqhubeka, kodwa walahlekelwa chassis engozini.

Isiteshi kuphela ezimboze izenzakalo zombili izinhlangothi ezilwayo, kwaba Qatari "Abe Al-Jazeera". Okunye abezindaba, Taliban akazange alivume icala yena.

Iqhaza main empini ingeyamakhosi izindiza isiteleka. anamandla B-1 B-2 yasetshenziswa, B-52. Isetshenziswa amabhomu ezinkulu, kuhlanganise ezinamandla kakhulu icala non-enuzi "Deyzikatter". Ngemva kwenyanga, Taliban zonke izindiza labhujiswa, kubukela langemuva, ibutho uye balahlekelwa esindayo. Lokhu kwaholela ekubeni nalomsebenzi Northern Alliance, owathuthela le balwe. Novemba 9, wathatha dolobha elikhulu Mazar-i-Sharif.

Njengoba yanqotshwa yayo ezinkulu kuqala, Taliban ngokungazelelwe baqala iba yingxenye yomhlabathi. Abaningi amayunithi emikhulu baqala ukuthutha ukuze ohlangothini umbimbi. Maphakathi no-November, bacishe bayifunda yonke indawo yakwa-Afghanistan yadluliselwa ngu-Taliban. Novemba 13 etandleni Kabul, owawusedolobheni 1996. Ezandleni zabo, ukuze kuphela edolobheni elikhulu Kunduz enyakatho. Amabutho main abangu bagxila kule eningizimu. Ekupheleni kuka-November, kanye izimpi sathathwa kanye maphakathi amasosha.

Ingxabano - imbangela crisis kwezenhlalo

Imiphumela empini abhekana nezinkinga ezinkulu zezenhlalakahle. Ingxabano uhlukanise nelilodwa izwe kwaba amakamu amabili aphikisanayo. Izindiza zamabhomu baseMelika nabo bonke izikhali ngokunemba ayikwazanga kubangele abalimala phakathi kwabantu. Population wabanjwa phakathi edwaleni basebunzimeni, phakathi Taliban NATO amabutho. Impi eye yaqeda emnothweni, ingqalasizinda, bemunye ohlelweni lwezempilo. Zaconsa zezenhlalakahle wezimpahla izindiza kwakungenele. ukusatshalaliswa wabo uye ayizwakali. Imithwalo ngokuvamile ukuwela ezandleni ezempi futhi awufiki sabantu. Kuningi okuye abalimele, sigule sibangwe nezibi. Babedinga usizo ngaso leso, esibhedlela. Esimeni semakhaya empi awenzeni kwaba nzima. Omama abaningi abelethe endleleni, ngaphandle bezokwelapha abanekhono. Ngokuvamile ku inqubo ethutha abantu abagulayo ukuthi badutshulwa kokubili izinhlangothi ezilwayo.

Esibukhali okuxoxwe isidingo umsebenzi eNhlangano Yomhlaba Yesiphambano Esibomvu. abaholi Taliban baye bavumela inhlangano usebenze endaweni yawo. Bamemezela ukuzimisela kwabo ukusiza abantu, hhayi ukuthi liphazamisane umsebenzi zosizo zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezinhlangano zokwelapha. Ilotshwe NATO-sisekelo. Nokho, amabhomu njalo futhi bombardments sebehlushwa umsebenzi wabo. Abazihlelele siyahlupheka zonke izinto ezinyantisa umzimba empini.

Ukufika kuka-US-Marine

Ekupheleni kuka-Novemba ezandleni Taliban wahlala edolobheni elikhulu kuphela - Kandahar. Yena kwakubhekwa njengesizinda sombuso Taliban, futhi ukulahlekelwa kwakhe waba ubhidliza morale izidlamlilo. Lapha kukhona mholi wamaTibet - Mullah Omar. Nge imikhumbi kumi Arabian Sea eduze Kandahar, lawela ukufika lokuqala asemanzini. ayizinkulungwane obuphelele. NATO impi e-Afghanistan usezuze zinhlobo eliwumhlaba.

Taliban wazama aphonse elihamba kusuka edolobheni, engena ezindlini ngezindlu impi ngazo zonke izimoto armored etholakalayo, kodwa emoyeni ukuhlaselwa ngezindiza ezinophephela emhlane ukubhubhisa leli qembu. Wezikhali kanye nomoya iziteleka saba sibi kakhulu isimo e Kandahar. Ama-Marine ekulweni sina akazange iqhaza. Ekuqaleni kuka-December, Mullah Omar, namabutho asele inikela idolobha. Ingxenye yalabo abalwela waya Pakistan, abanye, kuhlanganise Umholi kwezikamoya, abalekela ezintabeni. Ukubuyisela Kandahar kubhekwa ekupheleni esiteji main impi.

Manje konke ukunakwa wagxilisa NATO amabutho isikhungo enamandla Tora Bora. Wayemelela engozini enkulu ukuze umfelandawonye, t. Ukuze. Kusukela esikhathini eU.SSR empini e-Afghanistan kwadingeka emhumeni inethiwekhi sina, kwaqinisa kahle futhi waba izindlela imfihlo ukusekela izindlela. Ngokusho kwemibiko ukukhalipha, kulapha lapho benomuzwa amaphekula inombolo eyodwa - Osama bin Laden. Okukhulu ukulwa imisebenzi kwaholela Afghan National Army, kusekelwa -Royal Air Force US. Ukusebenza lempi iphelile ngempumelelo umfelandawonye: Tora Bora sathathwa, kodwa Osama bin Laden ayitholakalanga. Ngaphambi kokuhlasela washiya endaweni enezivikelo eziqinile.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amaphekula main wakwazi ukuphunyuka, NATO kanye uhulumeni wase-US yamemezela mission yimpumelelo e-Afghanistan. Amabutho eyinhloko Taliban bahlulwa, zonke izikhungo ezinkulu lempi zithathwa futhi idluliselwe amandla izinqubomgomo wezwe pro-Western Hamid Karzai. Waba ikhanda kwesikhathi zesikhashana ngo-2001, futhi umongameli wesikhashana 2002.

Ukuze silondoloze ukuthula nokuchuma ezweni samukele isiqunto we-UN Security Council ngoDisemba 20, 2001. Ngokusho idokhumenti, International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) zisekelwe eNyakatho ye-Atlantic umbimbi. Ekuqaleni, le nhlangano kwadingeka ukuba enze kuphela ngaphakathi Kabul.

eqhuba uhlelo olumelene amaphekula

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke emlandweni empini olusemthethweni "Operation Anaconda" kwaba sokulwa nobuphekula. NATO olusemthethweni abaphikisi Kwaxelwa "Al-Qaeda."

Emva kokuthatha izikhungo ezinkulu amasu - Kandahar futhi Tora Bora - iqembu amasosha ayehambile eningizimu-mpumalanga yezwe. Ngokwe-Central Intelligence Agency, ekuqaleni kuka-2002 amabutho ezinkulu kwamaphekula obekwe kabusha ngamaqembu eduze Shahi-Kot futhi balungiselela ukuhlasela sokusebenzisana. abaholi NATO banquma ukuqhuba isiteleka se pre-emptive.

Counter-ubuphekula imisebenzi ngokumelene "al-Qaeda 'abangu kuhlelwe efakazelwe iphethini" isando nensimbi ". Ngakolunye uhlangothi kufanele hit pro-Western amabutho Afghan nezihlubuki ashona eduze elite US Special Forces.

"Ukusebenza Anaconda" owawuse-2 kuya ku-18 Mashi 2002. izinduna American miscalculated tactically ukwahlulela ngokungeyikho amandla ukulwa lesitha. "Al-Qaeda 'wayekulungele kahle ukuzivikela, futhi waba ukumelana namandla. Lasekuqaleni uhlelo "isando nensimbi" kwadingeka ukuba uyekwe, isb. A. Kusayithi ka owayelwa kahle zhno enta taba. Ngo-March 4, unyendle ihlukane kwenjongo okhethekileko yokhalo Thakur-Gard. omunye esindayo yezokuthutha indiza MH-47e ilahlekile, nabanye ababili zacekeleka phansi.

Ngemva nokulahlekelwa okunjalo amaMelika wamshaya enamandla emoyeni iziteleka endaweni Thakur-Gard. Kodwa amabutho eziyisisekelo wabaleka esifundeni sezintaba. Labo abasala babulawa emoyeni. Ngemva kwalokho, i-Army athumba Shahi-Kot.

Imiphumela imisebenzi

NATO izinduna yamemezela neragelo phambili ngokuhamba "Operation Anaconda". Kodwa impi yokulwa nobuphekula uyaqhubeka. Military ngokwabo, ufakazi wokuzibonela owayedidekile uswidi izitatimende ezinjalo. Ayengaziqondi kungani airstrikes enamandla awazange kwenziwa obandulela le nhlekelele ku ensungubezini Thakur-Gard. Kungani-ke akuzange olususwe ukuxhumana phakathi kwamabutho phansi futhi ibutho lasemoyeni. Ngokusho idatha esemthethweni, ngesikhathi ukusebenza abulala amasosha ayisishiyagalombili izinjongo ezikhethekile, 80 balimala. It okungukuthi kwekulu US phansi amabutho kokuhilizisana insurgents Afghanistan. Ngokwemithombo ehlukahlukene, "Al-Qaeda 'ilahlekelwe esuka kubantu eyikhulu namashumi eziyinkulungwane. Kodwa, naphezu kwalokhu, i-main Taliban amabutho wahlala phakathi kwababusi futhi zayiswa emngceleni ne Pakistan. Kuyo yonke leyo minyaka yempi e-Afghanistan, impi esigodini Thakur-Gard kwaba ezimbi kakhulu amaMelika enkundleni kule mpi.

"Al-Qaeda 'kuyinto kuragela

Emngceleni Afghan-Pakistan kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi "indawo tribal" - a ezindaweni sezintaba akude, okuyinto engazange yenzeke elawulwa neziphathimandla olusemthethweni. Phakathi nempi ekulweni neSoviet Union ukuyisebenzisa kahle ukulungiswa Taliban Amasosha. Ngo-2004, ngaphansi US ingcindezi, Pakistan uzamile azithathe ukulawula umngcele. Kodwa mina sazithela phezu ukumelana enamandla nabezempi zamaKhosi.

Kulapha-Taliban avikelekile, waqoqela ndawonye wonke amabutho ndawonye saqala ukuhlela imisebenzi yezempi. Kuye kwakushintsha futhi isu empini. Izwe lahlukaniswa laba izifunda eziningana. Ngayinye Umkhuzi elihlanganisiwe nebutho lakhe. It ezazakhiwe uhlelo isaziso phakathi kwazo. NATO impi e-Afghanistan uthethe zizoshintsha ngendlela engalindelekile.

Taliban sebemukele amacebo ngabanye ukuhlaselwa ukwesaba kanye nokuhlaselwa ezincane. Olwenziwe imisebenzi anti-amaphekula, njengokuthi "Mongoose" ngoJanuwari 2013, nakuba umonakalo appreciable ukuba Taliban, kodwa wonke picture aliguquki. Okukhulu kwamaphekula waqala khenqeza cishe wonke amadolobha amakhulu. Ingozi esengozini Kabul. Ngo-June 7, kukhona ukuqhuma. Idelakufa yashaya efake kanye amasosha aseJalimane. International Security Assistance Force waqala ukuba zilimale. beqinisa Taliban kuye kwaholela yokuthi kwezinye izifundazwe zaseningizimu waqala lokuqoka isithunzi kwababusi. Lezi izifundazwe babé Nangarhar, Kunar, Paktia, Paktika, Afghanistan.

Kodwa zezombangazwe nezomnotho ekuphileni okungukuthi kancane kancane sithuthuka. Ngo-January 2004, e-Afghanistan yokutholwa sisekelo omusha, nokhetho lokuqala lwentando yeningi kamongameli aphethwe Okthoba. Zaba Hamid Karzai. Yiqiniso, ngaphandle kokusekelwa amazwe aseNtshonalanga, umholi Afghan akunakwenzeka ukuba baye bakwazi ukuba abambelele emandleni. Eningizimu Kabul, amandla angempela ziba Taliban. Amaqhinga ka impi yabashokobezi edonse ukuthela izithelo.

Ngenxa yalokho, i-UN Security Council enwetshiwe izenzo ISAF ngaphandle Kabul. Ngo-2005, impi yayiya iqina. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-17 babulawa lempi Spanish. Endizeni lapha bekene izulazula endaweni, udutshulwe phansi. Futhi kulo nyaka, NATO amabutho abalahlekelwe eyodwa indiza MH-47, amasosha 16 ngezinjongo ezikhethekile, cishe 50-Marine ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. I ukulahlekelwa wahlupheka kanye namanye amalunga womanyano wamazwe omhlaba.

Ukusebenza in Southern Afghanistan

2006 kwaphawulwa ukwethulwa NATO amabutho eningizimu Afghanistan. okuhlaselayo Ngokusobala ephelezelwa umzabalazo okuqhubekayo zezombusazwe ngaphakathi Alliance. Iqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza NATO e Afghanistan owawuse namacala zamanxusa lamazwe iqhaza kule zokungazimiseli ukulwa. Ngakho, e-United Kingdom nase-Canada ngokucijile baye bamangalela eNetherlands naseJalimane e ukwenqaba a okuhlaselayo emikhulu eningizimu. Nakuba i-Dutch namaJalimane akazange kusukela iqhaza kulokhu kubulalana njengengxenye ISAF, kodwa wazama bazivikele ukuhlaselwa ezinkulu.

Nokho, NATO okuhlukumezayo Afghanistan, naphezu impikiswano, kwenzeka ngempela. Phakathi ukusebenza "Intaba ukufohla" futhi "Medusa 'bayobhujiswa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2. Taliban. Kodwa Alliance balahlekelwa. Ngakho, impi eyodwa, Canada ilahlekelwe 21 amasosha - ezingaphezu kuka zonke ekusebenzeni kulelo zwe.

Ngo-February 2007 Musa Qala lathunjwa Taliban. Kwakuthinta kuphela ngoDisemba ibutho elisha Afghan wakwazi lokususa namabutho ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izimbangi American basala ngaphandle umholi sabo esingokomoya. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha ngaphambi kwalokho, ngo-May, wabulala Mullah Dadullah. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwaba isizathu kokunqotshwa Taliban.

Ngo-2007, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa sigameko ngesihluku kakhulu yonke le minyaka impi e-Afghanistan. Othile uzibulala ngokuqhumisa ibhomu liqhuma i engibaziyo American asemanzini. Kwenzeka esifundeni Shinwar Mashi 4. Besabela kuleso simemo, asemanzini esevulela ngenhlamvu ebhekise kubanikazi labantu obunokuthula Afghanistan. Izisulu kuhlasela engaphezu kwengu-20 Abafa.

Agasti 2, 2007 ku iphutha air strike esifundeni Bagraev sabulala abantu abangaba ngu-200.

Taliban counteroffensive

izenzo yempi aba a ekupheleni efile NATO. amazwe aseYurophu lapho kuqala eningizimu ezinekhono zenqaba ingcaca ukuqala iqhaza ingxabano. idumela Alliance njengoba Bloc enamandla lempi zazamazama. US izingcindezi izinsongo bazama ukugcina amazwe aseYurophu kusukela ukuhoxiswa amaviyo alo. Kwezwakala mpendulo "NATO uzobuyisa ukuba kungonakali", "ungadikibali ukuzobhidliza umbimbi." Imibono yamaKhomanisi enamandla kuphela avunyelwe glue kancane disparate sokusebenzisana amabutho. Ukulwa phakathi kwamazwe iqhaza kungukuthi enokuxhumana intelligence engazange isetshenziswe. Ngasinye sasinobuso isu lalo zempi. Futhi akekho umuntu oye wabona umgomo oyinhloko we ngxabano, ukunqoba sokugcina. Lokhu babungonakala uyamethemba nomunye. Mayelana NATO umsebenzi waqala ukukhuluma ehola osopolitiki European. Ngokwesibonelo, yangaphambili iSpanishi undunankulu Jose Maria Aznar.

Okwenza isimo sibe sibi ngenxa yokuthi Taliban sebemukele zindlela ezifanayo zempi, njengoba ngokumelene amasosha aseSoviet ngaleso sikhathi. Ukuphambukisa amabutho main kuze kube semngceleni Pakistani, elalihlala eziqhelelene encane ukuzivikela. Khona-ke lonke babekezelela zezindiza kanye wezikhali zaba izindawo ezingenalutho. Ngemva kwalokho, emngceleni Pakistani zihanjiswe amabutho main namabutho ngubani kubange umonakalo omkhulu sokusebenzisana ngamazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlaselwa eziningana ezinjalo Helmand sifundazwe eduze Pakistan. I oMfelandawonye elahlekile tactically ngomqondo ukuthi akukhona balawula emngceleni. Leli phutha futhi kwaba nemiphumela efanayo.

Imiphumela empini

Impi e-Afghanistan, 2001-2014 GG. Uye waholela imiphumela elandelayo:

• sinjalo Political yezwe futhi engakaze izuzwe. Inhloko Afghanistan uHamid Karzai wamemezela ukuthi akukho amabutho NATO akazange ahlale ezweni.
• Alliance ukulahlekelwa. Phakathi ukusebenza "Ukukhuthazela Freedom" walahlekelwa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 2.5. Man. Abangaphezu kwesigamu kubo - amaMelika.
• Ukwanda ukukhiqizwa opium. Ngokusho idatha owandulelayo UN, ngesikhathi uzime NATO e-Afghanistan, ukukhiqizwa poppy liye landa ngamaphesenti izikhathi 40.

US Yiqiniso, kungaholela futhi izinhlangothi omuhle kokungqubuzana. Ngakho, ngokusho komholi American Baraka Obamy, e-Afghanistan eziphoqelelwe oda zezombusazwe. Taliban amandla ugumbuqelwe. Kodwa ukuze ucaphune ikhanda zaleli zwe lezintaba ke ngosuku olulandelayo emva ukudamba amabutho sokusebenzisana, Taliban futhi ashaqe amandla e-Afghanistan. Futhi phakathi ezicini ezinhle umholi impi ngokuthi ukubulawa "Al-Qaeda 'Osama bin Laden. It wakwazi ukuqeda Meyi 2, 2011 ngesikhathi operation ekhethekile ePakistan. Kodwa alibhubhise inombolo amaphekula 1, asikho isidingo ukuthumela amasosha ku Pakistan. A operation esifanayo singabonakala owawuzoba Afghanistan ngaphandle ezingadingekile lezakhamuzi ezafa.

Ngakho, bonke ochwepheshe ezempi ukuqaphela ukwehluleka umsebenzi NATO e-Afghanistan. BaseMelika Ubonakala kwangqingetshe, okuvela kulo kunzima ukuphuma ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa idumela.