Ucwaningo lwamuva of the Moon. Indlela ibizwa ngokuthi inhlabathi kwenyanga

Iminyaka 50, abacwaningi kanye namaqembu ocwaningo ezivela emhlabeni wonke abazimisele ukufunda ulwazi lemininingwane mayelana nokuthi iplanethi ethile. Lokhu akusona isimanga, njengoba abaningi iphupho ukucacisa umsuka nokubaluleka kwalo nezinye planetoids nezindikimba zasezulwini. Kuyini inhlabathi kwenyanga ukuthi kubukeka kanjani? Lokhu nokunye okuningi ungathola out ngokufunda kulesi sihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana inyanga eMhlabeni

Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi Moon - satellite zemvelo kule planethi yethu. Ungomunye bhá emkhathini womhlaba. Ibanga phakathi Earth satellite zayo zemvelo kuyibanga elingaphezulu kwamakhilomitha angu-300 eziyinkulungwane. Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi inyanga - kuba into kuphela okungalé koMhlaba lapho abantu abavakashele.

Umhlaba nenyanga evame ukubizwa ngokuthi wasezulwini abangamawele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-mass yabo kanye nosayizi ayizikhombisi iyafana. On the Moon olwenziwa ngokuphindaphindiwe ucwaningo. It is wafakazela ukuthi kukhona amandla okudonsa. Uma uyikha phezulu le, i-satellite engokwemvelo umuntu kalula ungavula imoto encane.

Abantu abaningi bayazibuza ukuthi inyanga ngempela. It lumayelana Earth. Kuye isikhundla kwemvelo satellite, ungabona-ke ehlukile kakhulu. Moon uqeda umbuthano ngokugcwele emhlabeni Umhlaba izinsuku 27.

Ngamunye wethu wabona on enyangeni, noma ezindaweni mnyama okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyini ngempela? Eminyakeni eminingi edlule kwakucatshangwa ukuthi lo okuthiwa kwenyanga maria. Lo mqondo ikhona namuhla. Kodwa eqinisweni kuba izindawo omile lapho ngaphambili kwaqubuka udaka olushisayo. Ngokocwaningo olwenziwa, kwenzeka izigidigidi zeminyaka edlule. Sibheka ngezansi igama inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.

Ngo-1897, isazi sokuma American owaqamba igama elithi "regolith". Namuhla isetshenziswa ekutholweni inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.

umbala regolith

Regolith - umhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Kwakuthinta ihlolwe iminyaka eminingi. Umbuzo oyinhloko ukuthi uzama ukuphendula abacwaningi yesayensi ezivela emhlabeni wonke: noma kungenzeka ngesisekelo salokhu sikhule lutho.

Yini umbala inhlabathi egcwele? Ngamunye wethu angenza kugcwale umlomo ukuthi inyanga uba nombala esiliva njengotshani noma ephuzi. Kuyinto lokhu sikubheka kusuka kule planethi yethu. Nokho, akunjalo. Ngokwe-abacwaningi, inhlabathi onqunywa ngezinyanga zokuthwasa kwenyanga eduze omnyama - amnyama umbala onsundu. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuze kutholakale umbala inhlabathi ensimini ka satellite zemvelo, akufanele bathembele izithombe ezenziwe lapho. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ikhamera kancane phendulela umbala yangempela.

I ukushuba we inhlabathi the Moon

Isendlalelo eyayibaluleke we regolitny inyanga. Inhlabathi izifundo ezibalulekile ukuze kwakhiwe imidwebo ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe elisekela. Kukholakala ukuthi inhlabathi onqunywa ngezinyanga zokuthwasa kwenyanga umphumela ngokugcwalisa asemigodini elalisanda kumiswa ubudala. inhlabathi ukujiya isilinganiso ibalwa okuthiwa ekujuleni kwelwandle futhi izingxenye luyimbudumbudu. Ukuba khona amatshe emgodini wentaba kungenxa okuqukethwe kwabo indlela okwakheke ngayo amadwala. Ngenxa ulwazi olungenhla esihlokweni, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukushuba we ungqimba phezu regolitnogo inyanga kuyahluka kuye endaweni yocwaningo.

Ngeshwa, namuhla akunakwenzeka ukuhlola bonke ubuso inyanga. Nokho kakade zikhona izindlela ukuthi sikwazi ukufunda satellite indawo enkulu ngokwanele yemvelo.

amakhemikhali ukwakheka

inhlabathi Lunar iqukethe semali trace izakhi zamakhemikhali. Phakathi kwabo, i-silicon, umoya-mpilo, i-iron, titanium, aluminium, calcium ne-magnesium. Ulwazi mayelana nokwakheka kwe-inhlabathi iye otholakala ngenxa izindlela akude futhi-X-ray spectroscopy. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kukhona izindlela eziningana ukufunda umhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Inkinga yabo eyinhloko - lokhu kuqhekeka ukunakwa eneminyaka engu regolith futhi ngezithako zawo.

Umthelela ongemuhle uthuli kwenyanga emzimbeni womuntu

Ososayensi bakwa-National Aeronautics and Space Ucwaningo Space watadisha izinzuzo nezingozi ngentuthuko ehlongozwayo ukuthuthela khona inyanga. Zafakazela ukuthi moondust kuyingozi kakhulu umzimba womuntu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lo okuthiwa uthuli iziphepho ziyasebenza kanye njalo emavikini amabili. Ososayensi futhi wafakazela ukuthi ephefumula njalo ngothuli kwenyanga kungaholela izinhlungu zokugula okungathí sina.

Uma uyikha phezulu le kukhona ukukhanya Imicu yotshani ekhethekile ukuqoqa wonke uthuli. Ngemuva kwalokhu umzimba kuqeda ke esebenzisa ukhwehlela. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izinhlayiya ezincane kakhulu ngeke banamathele le micu. Umzimba womuntu akuyona bazivumelanisa imiphumela emibi uthuli kwenyanga ngenxa yobukhulu bayo encane. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi leli isici kumele kubonelelwe ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa elisekela phezu satellite zemvelo.

Umthelela ongemuhle uthuli, okuyinto kudala iziphepho kobuso satellite zemvelo, waqinisekisa uhambo kwenyanga "Apollo 17". Omunye osomkhathi, ezazihlanganisa ukubunjwa yayo, ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile wachitha on enyangeni, aqala ukukhonona izizwa bagule imfiva. Kuye kwatholakala ukuthi Ukuwohloka isimo sezempilo kwakuhambisana nezinga ephefumula ngothuli kwenyanga owawusekhanda ebhodini, kanye amasudi. Astronaut ishayisane yezinkinga ngenxe efakwe umkhumbi, okuyinto ngokushesha salenza laphenya izulu.

Ukutadisha obubi

Muva nje, China uye wasungula uhlelo emhlabeni wonke isifundo sakho ebusweni kwenyanga. Ngokolwazi wokulungiselela, ngemva kweminyaka emibili phezu satellite zemvelo izofakwa idivayisi entsha yezinkanyezi, okuyokwenza yochungechunge izifundo. I engavamile ukuthi uzobe esisogwini obubi zenyanga. Iyunithi utawufundza izimo Geological phezu satellite zemvelo.

Enye into Uhlelo indawo Itheleskopu yerediyo ine. Kuze kube manje, ukusakaza ukusuka eMhlabeni azitholakali ohlangothini emnyama satellite.

udaba eziphilayo lichaza ekwakheni inhlabathi kwenyanga

Ngemva omunye umsebenzi "Apollo" iye yembula ukuthi owayekulelo qembu ayehamba nalo enhlabathini kwenyanga iqukethe ukubunjwa yayo izinto eziningi eziphilayo, okungukuthi ama-amino acid. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ababandakanyeka kumiswa amaprotheni futhi esibalulekile ekuthuthukiseni sazo zonke izinto eziphilayo eMhlabeni.

Ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi inhlabathi kwenyanga asifanele ukuthuthukiswa kwazo zonke izinhlobo ezaziwayo zokuphila. Kunezinhlobo ezine izinguqulo ukubukeka amino acid lichaza ekwakheni inhlabathi enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Ngokusho ososayensi, zingase zibe phezu inyanga, uyakhululwa eMhlabeni osomkhathi. Ngokusho kwezinye izinguqulo - lokhu amagesi, ama-solar wind futhi asteroyidi.

Ngemva kokwenza ukucwaninga, ososayensi baye babonisa ukuthi ama-amino acid Cishe iningi lawo enhlabathini kwenyanga ngenxa ukungcoliswa Umhlaba, futhi lokhu kwaba nomthelela kokuwa elisemkhathini phezu satellite zemvelo.

izindiza Okokuqala to the Moon

Ngo-January 1959-ke kwenziwa eSoviet Union rocket kwethulwa, owanikhipha ku trajectory to the Moon othomathikhi esiteshini interplanetary "Luna-1". Le yidivayisi yokuqala ifinyelele yokuphunyuka velocity.

othomathikhi esiteshini interplanetary "Luna 2" useqalile ngo-September. Ngokungafani ngowokuqala, ifinyelele nendikimba ethile esemkhathini, wayolanda pennant ne elingenamikhono izingalo zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa.

Esikhathini esingaphansi kwenyanga kamuva eyesithathu othomathikhi esiteshini interplanetary wethulwa emkhathini. isisindo sakhe kwaba 200 kilograms. solar panel elise emzimbeni waso. Phakathi isigamu sehora esiteshini kokusebenzisa ikhamera esakhelwe ngeke ngokuzenzakalelayo engaphezu kwengu-20 izithombe of the Moon. Ngenxa yalesi abantu kuqala wabona ngemuva satellite zemvelo. Kwaba ngo-October 1959, abantu base bazi ukuthi inyanga ngempela.

Magma ngesikhathi yasezulwini surface body

Kolunye ucwaningo lwamuva nje zenyanga atholakele ngaphansi ungqimba wakhe phezulu iziteshi eqina magma. Ososayensi bathi, sibonga le ukutholakala Ungathola engu wangempela satellite yethu yemvelo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze kube yimanje, kwezikhathi ukuvela of the Moon alwaziwa.

kwenyanga uqweqwe ukujiya ingamakhilomitha angu-43. Ucwaningo lwamuva of the Moon wembula ukuthi konke lokhu sigcwele iziteshi ngomshoshaphansi. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi kwamiswa cishe ngokushesha nje ngemva nesenzakalo satellite zemvelo. Cishe zonke iziteshi zigcwele magma eqina. Ezindaweni zawo abakhona ephakeme emkhakheni okudonsa izinto. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, engu-iziteshi emgodini iminyaka engaphezu kwezinkulungwane zezigidi ezine. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso kuyinto umfutho ukuze kuqhutshekwe nocwaningo we satellite zemvelo.

Ukuthengiswa komhlaba the Moon

Muva nje, inani elikhulu ejensi ezinikeza ukuthenga amasampula enhlabathi kwenyanga noma ngisho ukuthola isiza kwenye iplanethi. Umenzeli abangakwazi ukukunikeza lezi zinsiza, kungatholakala ngokuphelele kunoma yiliphi izwe. Akusiyo imfihlo ukuthi ukuthenga umhlaba kwamanye amaplanethi nezindikimba zasezulwini efana osaziwayo nabezombusazwe. Kulesi sihloko, ungakwazi ukuthola ukuthi, ukuba zithenge umhlaba on enyangeni noma omunye eqanjiwe umkhonyovu.

Namuhla, zikhona izinhlangano eziningi ezinikeza ukuba noma ubani ofisa ukuba zithenge umhlaba on enyangeni noma ipasipoti enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga. Zithi emva esithile abantu bazokwazi komzamo igagasi cosmos futhi ukuhamba esisodwa noma kwenye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, ngokuvumelana ejenti, ukuthengwa komhlaba namuhla - kuba inzuzo futhi elula.

Ukuthengiswa komhlaba kwamanye amaplanethi nezindikimba zasezulwini kwaqala eminyakeni engama-30 edlule. Khona-ke American Dennis Hope ithole amaphutha imithetho yamazwe ngamazwe, futhi wathi umnikazi wazo zonke izinto ezisemkhathini ezigxile ilanga. Yena bafaka isicelo sokubhaliswa kwemishini impahla bakubika konke States. Isinyathelo esilandelayo kwaba ukubhalisa ejensi yabo. On endaweni Russian Federation kubhaliswe abanikazi ezingaphezu kuka-100 ezweni enyangeni.

Eqinisweni, i-ejensi Dennis Hope yabhaliswa Nevada. Kuleli zinga kukhona lenqwaba imithetho evumela ukukhipha noma yimuphi umqulu for ethile. Ngakho, Dennis Hope ethengisa akulona ilungelo impahla, kanti udoti ezivamile kahle yakhelwe. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, akukho umuntu oyedwa ongacela umhlaba phezu inyanga. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa bill wadlula 27 Januwari 1967. Ngemva kokuhlaziya bonke ukwaziswa okunikezwa kulesi sihloko, kumele kuphetfwe ukuthi ukuthengwa komhlaba on enyangeni - kungcono sadlala imali.

efingqa

Moon - satellite yemvelo Zomhlaba. Ososayensi bacwaninga ngokwakheka ke iminyaka eminingi. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, zathola ukuthi inyanga efanayo ubukhulu iplanethi yethu, kodwa moondust enobungozi kakhulu empilweni. Namhlanje ukuthenga zithandwa komhlaba satellite insimu yemvelo. Nokho, thina elikweluleka ukuba wenze ukuthenga ezinjalo, njengoba kuwukuchitha kwezinsiza.