Okubukwa e Sociology

Comté phakathi izindlela sasitadisha izenzakalo kwabantu, iyona ukubhekwa ephumelela kunazo. Kuyadingeka ukuba ulwazi lwezenhlalo sinembe, inhloso kanye ngokwesayensi.

Okubukwa e Sociology sehliselwe okwashiwo amaqiniso nomphakathi. Basuke aqondwe njengokufaka ukubonakaliswa waphawula ukuziphatha ngokomzimba. Lokhu okwashiwo yilo mlobi nesandla ekubulaweni kwabantu isikhundla sokuba isayensi ehlukile, wafunda ukunikeza nemvelo yakhe indaba ka umnqopho yesayensi.

Okubukwa e kwabantu njalo osekelwe kuyinkolelo-mbono ethile, kubalulekile ukuba kusebenta indlela enjalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, observation kusikisela kunomahluko ocacile phakathi kuncike futhi into. Okubukwa e Sociology ngokusho Comté kungenzeka ngabantu bangaphandle kuphela. Khona-ke ngo- okwashiwo kuhlanganisiwe sisuke ayikaziwa. Le ndlela uvele kuphela ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili kwabantu enokwehla futhi ngokushesha saba yintandokazi.

Okubukwa e kwabantu - indlela esetshenziswa nemikhawulo ezithile, njengoba akuzona zonke ga tetenhlalo letibalulekile kungenziwa wafunda ngawo. Lokhu kungenzeka kuphela lezinto ezingahlolwa waqonda ngokusebenzisa yokuzwa nokubona. Ngokwesibonelo, isiteleka kumele iphenywe ngenhloso ukusetshenziswa esiyisibopho le ndlela. Yiqiniso, kufanele zisetshenziswe eziyinkimbinkimbi olulodwa eziningi ezinye izindlela ukuqoqa ulwazi.

Nokho, hhayi noma imuphi observation sokuzwa nokubukwayo kungenziwa ngokuthi kokuqondisa ngomqondo ngokwesayensi. Ukuze ukuguqulwa ukucatshangelwa lesilula indlela yesayensi, ukwenza nenombolo ledzingekako nezinqubo zocwaningo. Lokhu kwemihlambi izinkinga nemibono ukuba ihlolwe; ukunquma into observation, kuncike yayo, isigaba, izimo observation, amayunithi ukulungiselela amathuluzi ngesimo Diaries, yezifiso, hardware, idatha processing izinhlelo, njll

Isinyathelo esilandelayo is ukuzanywa amathuluzi nokwenza izilungiso kuso, indlela yokwakheka uhlelo lokuqapha, ukuqondisa ukuthuthukiswa. Kungaleso sikhathi kuphela lapho usungaqala nokuqalisa imisebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlobene kweso, ngokuhambisana nezidingo ngenhla.

Hlukanisa tinhlobo letehlukene ubufakazi kwabantu.

observation bangaphandle (kuthabathela ecaleni) ikuvumela ukulungisa umsebenzi iqembu social ngaphandle kokuba yingxenye ke. Lokhu okwashiwo yilo mlobi ayengakwenza obala noma ngokuphelele (isb, ngenxa nenxenye esibukweni).

Umhlanganyeli ubufakazi kwabantu kusho iqhaza ebonwe umsebenzi iqembu yezenhlalakahle wafunda ngokuba omunye wamalungu ayo. Kulokhu, indima yayo nakho kungaba (amalungu ethimba ongaziwa) nezisobala futhi esikhoselweni. Nale ndlela, umcwaningi umthelela ngamabomu ezincane noma cha umthelela walokhu kuhlola bavezwa ngokoqobo. Igalelo eyaba nalo kungenzeka ubonakala njengeNkosi iphutha ophoqelelwe.

Nokho, kwezinye izimo, abacwaningi ukwakha ngamabomu izimo ukuthi Sinesithakazelo kuye. Ngangokunokwenzeka izimo yokufakelwa letinjalo beziguqula ngokoqobo. Ngo kwabantu, le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi okwashiwo zokuhlola. Ngisho ngaphansi kwezimo zelabhorathri kungenzeka ukudala indawo eduze ngokoqobo.

Izinhlobo ubufakazi kwabantu kungenziwa labizwa nezinye ngezizathu: ukusetshenziswa noma ezingekho ukusetshenziswa imishini (ukuqopha, ukuqopha, ukulinganisa), ngokuvumelana imvamisa, ubude, kanye nenani nezinye izici. laboratory ngekuhlanganyela, ensimini nokuqaphelisisa okuxubile. Hlukanisa emkhatsini observation zifane futhi okungezona okwakha. Nge izindlela ezahlukene empeleni ehlelekile, episodic nokuqaphelisisa ezikhululekile. Ngu kube semthethweni ukuhlukanisa engalawuliwe (non-okwakha, structureless) elibukhali elawulwa.