Kungani ukutadisha izitshalo libizwa wezitshalo? Botany - ekutadisheni izitshalo

Umuntu ngamunye ibambisene emhlabeni bemvelo, futhi ngokwalo ingxenye yalo. Futhi uma wonke ukhona imithetho emhlabeni ophilayo uyafundelwa biology, lesi sitshalo uku purview wezitshalo njengengxenye eyinhloko yawo.

Kungani ukutadisha izitshalo libizwa wezitshalo

Izitshalo kufakwe sphere izintshisekelo womuntu, esikhathini eside ngaphambi kokuba kumiswa wezitshalo njengoba isayensi, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. flora isifundo kuhlobane ngokuqondile umbuzo okusinda: izitshalo - kungcono ukudla, izinto zokwakha, izinto ngokwenza izingubo nemithi (okuyinto kunoma yiliphi icala hhayi bangakhohlwa) iyingozi. Ulwazi zanqwabelana nokuqaphelisisa edingekayo systematization. Ngakho kwaba khona isidingo kumiswa isitshalo komkhakha wezesayensi.

Befuna impendulo yombuzo kungani isayensi izitshalo libizwa wezitshalo, kudingeka sihlehlele emuva mists isikhathi, ngoba le mfundiso ingenye endala kakhulu emhlabeni yesayensi. Yakha luhlelo loluvumelanako yolwazi Botany (Plant Science) ngokuqondile aluthola phakathi nengxenye XVII yesibili - emakhulwini okuqala eminyaka XVIII.

Igama isayensi, kanye nabanye abaningi, elisuka ngesiGreki. Ivela "botane" ngesiGreki. Lokhu leligama elalinayo nezincazelo eziningana, ngomqondo "emadlelweni", "ukudla" lisetshenziswa akukho kancane njalo kwenani we "isitshalo", "utshani". Lihlanganisa konke engase ibhekwe ngu simila: izimbali, isikhunta, ulwelwe, izihlahla, wona kanye ulele. Igama elithi "nerd" - ethathwe "botane", kwakusho konke okuhlobene izitshalo. Okungukuthi, izwi nezwi: wezitshalo - isayensi izitshalo. Ngakho-ke, sizibuza ukuthi kungani isayensi izitshalo libizwa wezitshalo, impendulo kufanele khonga ngaphakathi the imisuka yesiGreki systematization yolwazi zomhlaba isitshalo ngesimo isayensi.

Umsuka wezitshalo njengoba isayensi

Aristotle ngokuphathelene umsebenzi wakhe omkhulu ngezilwane yamemezela indatshana ezifanayo izitshalo. Akwaziwa noma cha it usuphothuliwe. Ukuze ezisekhona ambalwa nje izinsalela. Ngakho-ke kufanele owasungula uyise wezitshalo njengoba isayensi kubhekwa uTheophrastus - umbhali we imisebenzi emibili ebalulekile, elaba isisekelo wezitshalo iminyaka 1500 esilandelayo. Ezweni lanamuhla, ukubaluleka kolwazi, esabekwa uTheophrastus emsebenzini wakhe, akunakuphikwa. Lapha sithola impendulo yombuzo kungani isayensi izitshalo libizwa wezitshalo. Isazi sefilosofi esingumGreki ayikwazanga ukuyibiza ngenye indlela.

Kodwa ucwaningo wezitshalo akugcini kuphela impumelelo sempucuko eNtshonalanga. China, futhi, liye negalelo elikhulu, mhlawumbe kwakukhona ukushintshana impumelelo yezesayensi, ucabangela ukusebenza Silk Road.

wezitshalo umlando

Botany isayensi e ukumelwa yesimanje kwaqala ngo sebukholoni njengoba indawo yokutadishela abalimi notshani nezihlahla, ezivamile esifundeni, kanye izitshalo ukuthi abantu baletha nabo esuka Ukuzula ezikude. Kodwa enesithakazelo esijulile izitshalo komuntu kuthoma nomlando wayo kusukela ezikhathini Neolithic. Abantu babengagcini nje zazama ukuthola ayelapha zezitshalo, ezikhulayo inkathi, ezidliwayo, ongaphakeme-lokushisa sezulu umbuso ukuzinza, isivuno kanye umsoco, kodwa kuyogcina lolu lwazi.

Ngaphambi kokufika wezitshalo njengoba isayensi, abantu beye batadisha izitshalo kusuka Ngokombono ongokwesayensi. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kwenzeka nje kuphela ukusetshenziswa kabanzi zabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo sezindawo oqabulayo ezikhulileyo endle. Kusukela esikhathini Bronze Age eyayisetshenziswa kabanzi umkhuba izitshalo ezikhulayo.

Isigaba esisha ukuthuthukiswa isayensi - ilwazi elitjha

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 yasungulwa ngesibonakhulu, okuyinto kunqunywa kokuqala esiteji ekhethekile ukuthuthukiswa wezitshalo, kuye kwavula amathuba amasha ezazingaziwa ekuhloleni izitshalo, ezinhlamvu, ngisho impova. Khona-ke isayensi wathatha isinyathelo esiqhubekayo, kokuvula kwesihenqo ezindabeni imifanekiso, umzimba, ngaphambili livalelwe abantu.

Botany ithuthukiswe Okusondele ukuthuthukiswa biology bebonke. Ngenxa abacwaningi yezesayensi wonke eziphilayo emhlabeni wahlukaniselwa emibusweni

• amagciwane;
• amakhowe;
• izitshalo;
• izilwane.

Botany etadisha kombuso amagciwane, isikhunta futhi izitshalo. Ukuthuthukiswa wezitshalo njengoba isayensi bekulokhu kubaluleke kakhulu. Kodwa ekuqaleni buqala abantu babandakanywe ku-izitshalo ngokwabo, futhi iningi izingadi zezimila, luvame kakhulu emhlabeni entshonalanga, ke sanikezelwa ngezigaba, ukufaka, ukuhweba imbewu. Kwaba namakhulu eminyaka kuphela kamuva laba indawo ebaluleke kakhulu izikhungo zocwaningo.

umbuso isitshalo

Izitshalo ingatholakala yonke indawo: kusezweni (ezimfundeni, zotshani, emasimini, amahlathi, nezintaba), emanzini (angenasawoti amadamu, amachibi amakhulu futhi emifuleni, amaxhaphozi, ezilwandle nakuzo izilwandle). Cishe zonke izitshalo usulungise yokuphila ikhono ukuguqula amandla elanga ku organic compounds kukhona chlorophyll izinqolobane ocebile, kabusha carbon dioxide kunomoya-mpilo, i-okuyinto izimila ngokuthi iplanethi ukukhanya Earth.

Ngeshwa, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, izitshalo abaningi phakathi ezingavamile noma ezisengozini, uhlu minyaka yonke likhula kuphela. abameleli abaningi ukhokhele ubuhle babo: nabantu abangasithandi ecabanga umonakalo omkhulu kangaka owadalwa owenziwe nemvelo, ehlambalazayo kokubhubhisa nezitshalo isixha buphele. Lokhu isiphetho ebabayo ihlathi iminduze, iminduze amanzi, sokulala utshani.

Ukuze uvikele zezimila ezingavamile ekuqothulweni, basuke sangena Incwadi Red futhi kuqashelwe ezingeni zomthetho. Isayensi ukuthi etadisha isitshalo iyisisekelo yolwazi ngoba idokhumenti. Futhi manje-ke kuwumsebenzi wethu ezivamile - ukuze kulondolozwe izitshalo ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo, ukuze izingane nabazukulu bezifundo zethu zase ukwazi ukubona ubuhle eyingqayizivele zomhlaba plant, okuyinto lucky ngokwanele ukusibona.