Lokungeniswa kazibuthe

Siyazi ukuthi umqhubi zamanje esithwele afakwe kazibuthe, is phansi ibutho. isiqondiso kwakho kuncike isiqondiso emigqeni insimu isiqondiso zamanje: uma yokugcina zaziwa, isiqondiso amandla kungaba azimisele ngokusebenzisa umthetho sobunxele noma isikulufa esifanele.

Manje ake sicabangele lokho inquma inani lalezi zisebenzi. Ebhekisela isipiliyoni.

Ukumiswa ehlombe kwesokunxele rocker isigwedlo izikali komugqa umqhubi AB uyibeke phakathi izigxobo N S we electromagnet ukuze perpendicular mayelana imigqa yamandla kazibuthe omhlaba. Njalo ngezinga lo mhlahlandlela kuzohlanganisa ammeter futhi rheostat, ngawo ungakwazi ulinganise zamanje kule umqhubi. Balance esikalini, kanye wesifunda kuyinto avaliwe. Vumela samanje umqhubi AB wathumela kusukela B A. izinsimbi ibhalansi ngobugebengu; uyibuyisele, phezu inkomishi kwesokudla kuyodingeka ubeke isikhubekiso raznovesok extra kabani isisindo elilingana nebutho bafakela wire thwi phansi. Sizokwenza ukushintsha wamanje manje umqhubi wethu; siphawula ukuthi ukwanda zamanje nokwanda futhi ibutho enza imoto. Izinguquko oyosibonisa ukuthi amandla ngalo amandla kazibuthe enza umqhubi ngokuqondile wakhona zamanje egeleza phakathi kwalo.

It kuxhomeke ekutheni amandla ubude umqhubi AB? Ukuze kulungiswe le nkinga, thina uyakuthatha izintambo anobude obungalingani ngezinga lamanje efanayo. Izilinganiso ukusikhombisa ukuthi amandla ngawo kazibuthe kuthinta umqhubi zamanje esithwele, kuyoba ngqo wakhona ubude umqhubi elise kazibuthe.

Ake F - amandla, okuyinto ethatha ku umqhubi zamanje aphethe afakwe kazibuthe, l - ubude umqhubi nami - zamanje kuwo.

Nge ushintsho obuphelele l we umqhubi kanye zamanje kuwo uyashintsha, njengoba sesibonile, futhi ubukhulu amandla F.

Isilinganiso amandla F kuya ubude umqhubi mina zamanje futhi kuba abazimele njalo zamanje okuphakathi kwakho, Ngakho-ke, lokhu isilinganiso kungaba njani kazibuthe.

Lokhu ubuningi ubizwa ngokuthi lokungeniswa kazibuthe noma lokungeniswa kazibuthe.

Isho kazibuthe incwadi lokungeniswa B. ngu definition, omunye ungabhala:

B = F / (I · l).

I SI iyunithi kazibuthe lokungeniswa uhlelo wenza lokungeniswa ensimini lapho umqhubi nge samanje 1 A no 1 m ubude is phansi ibutho enjalo Igama N. 1 iyunithi: 1 Newton / (amper˖metr) (esifushanisiwe ukuba 1 H / (AM)) .

Thina zithi H 1 / (AM) = 1 (V˖sek) / m²:

1 H / (AM) = 1 (NM) / (A˖m²) = 1 J / (A˖m²) = 1 (V˖A˖sek) / (A˖m²) = 1 (v s) / m².

Unit 1 volt angu-yesibili ngokuthi Weber (WB). Ngenxa yalokho, 1 WB / m² noma 1 tesla (T) - iyunithi lokungeniswa kazibuthe. Nakuba uhlelo yokukala emu iyunithi lokungeniswa kazibuthe - Gauss (G):

1 T = 10⁴ Gauss.

lokungeniswa Magnetic - vector ubuningi. I isiqondiso vector lokungeniswa okwamanje edlelana ne isiqondiso kazibuthe amandla imigqa edabula leli phuzu.

I SI kazibuthe ecucuza ukuminyana - magnetic field amandla isici, uyofana nendlela emkhakheni kagesi eveza amandla isici emkhakheni kagesi.

Ukwazi lokungeniswa kazibuthe, kungenzeka ukubala amandla phezu umqhubi zamanje esithwele ngokuvumelana ifomula:

F = BI l.

Ngo umqhubi zamanje esithwele amacala hhayi kuphela ukuhambisa ngezikhathi ezihlukene, kodwa futhi indlela ethile. Ngamunye icala kuthinta amandla kazibuthe ezidluliselwa siyinikeze umqhubi. Inani lawo wonke amabutho kusukela ezinyakazayo kunezinxushunxushu zero, futhi isibalo amabutho iqondiswe ukunyakaza ebizwa ngokuthi Ampere amandla.

Ngokuvamile, inani amandla lapho enza umqhubi zamanje esithwele afakwe kazibuthe kunqunywa Ampere umthetho:

F = BI l isono α, lapho α - engela phakathi isiqondiso zamanje (I) kanye Vector kazibuthe (B).

magnetic field lokungeniswa kuyinto anda elilingana nebutho esithinta kazibuthe per unit isici samanje ngokufanele perpendicular vector of lokungeniswa. lokungeniswa Magnetic esekelwe abezindaba izakhiwo.