Umoya-mpilo Atomic: izakhiwo ewusizo. Uyini umoya-mpilo-athomu?

Cabanga umdwebo ezingenakuthengwa ngamali sonakala umlilo esibhubhisayo. Imibala emihle zakhipha isicelo ezihlukahlukene imibala, abantu abaye balahlekelwa umsebenzi ngaphansi kongqimba lwesihlabathi black umule. Kunengqondo, wobuciko irretrievably elahlekile.

magic yesayensi

Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba. Painting ibekwe ekamelweni cleaner ngaphakathi okuyinto izidakamizwa kudala ongabonakali, ebizwa nge-oksijini enamandla athomu. Kungakapheli amahora ambalwa noma izinsukwana, kancane kodwa ngokuqinisekile raid amaqabunga imibala uqale ukuvela futhi. Embozwe ungqimba fresh ukuvenisha esobala, Umdwebo wabuyela enkazimulweni yayo yangaphambili.

Kungase kubonakale sengathi kungcono magic, kodwa isayensi. Indlela, akhiwa ososayensi esikhungweni ucwaningo Glennovskom (GIZ) NASA isebenzisa i-oksijini-athomu ukongiwa kanye nokubuyiselwa imisebenzi yobuciko, okuyinto ebesingase sifakwe kuyi onakala ngokungenakwelapheka ngokuxebuka kwama. Ingqikithi unamandla abilayo ngokuphelele izimila kuhlinzwa eyenzelwe umzimba womuntu, okuyinto kakhulu kunciphisa ingozi ukuvuvukala. Ukuze iziguli sikashukela, kungaba ngcono kudivayisi zokuqapha glucose, okuyiwona kuphela ingxenye yegazi luyadingeka ukuze ukuhlolwa ngaphambili kudingeka ukuthi iziguli ungalawula isimo sabo. Uketshezi lolu textured ebusweni polymer ngoba adhesion kangcono ithambo emangqamuzaneni okuthiwa ama kuvula amathuba amasha up kwezokwelapha.

Futhi into enamandla ingatholakala ngokuqondile emoyeni.

Atomic nomoya-mpilo yamangqamuzana

Oxygen likhona izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene. Le gesi ukuthi esiwuphefumulayo ngokuthi O _2, okungukuthi, liphethe athomu amabili. Kukhona-athomu oksijini, ifomula zazo - O (athomu). Ifomu wesithathu element kwamakhemikhali - O _3. Lokhu i-ozone, okuyinto, isibonelo, ezitholakala emkhathini woMhlaba engenhla.

umoya-mpilo Atomic ezimweni zemvelo ku surface eMhlabeni isikhathi eside ngeke kube khona. It has an reactivity eziphakeme ngokwedlulele. Ngokwesibonelo, umoya-mpilo-athomu emanzini yakha i-hydrogen peroxide. Kodwa emkhathini, lapho kukhona semali emisebeni ultraviolet, O _2-molecule kalula aphule up ukwakha ifomu le-athomu. Isibhakabhaka e ongaphakeme Umhlaba orbit at 96% siqukethe umoya-mpilo-atomic clock. Njengoba sekuzoqala mission mkhathi ngu NASA khona yayo kudala izinkinga.

Ukulinyazwa ezinhle

Ngokusho Bruce Banks, physics abaphezulu "Alfaporta" waziphatha ucwaningo imvelo isikhala ngesikhathi Glennovskogo legatsha enkabeni, ngemva ambalwa izindiza lokuqala izinto mkhathi ukwakhiwa yayo wabheka njengokungathi zase zimbozwe frost (laba bantu ababhekana nakho ukuze ukuguguleka ezinzima futhi texturing). umoya-mpilo Atomic ihlangana izinto zokwakha eziphilayo ambozwe mkhathi kancane kancane odalekayo kuwo.

GIZ ukuphenya izimbangela umonakalo. Ngenxa yalokho, abacwaningi baye hhayi kuphela izindlela ukuvikela mkhathi kusuka umoya-mpilo-athomu esungulwe, nabo bathole indlela ukusebenzisa ezingaba amandla okubhubhisa kwalesi sakhi chemical ngokuthuthukisa ukuphila eMhlabeni.

Ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi emkhathini

Lapho mkhathi ungaphakathi ongaphakeme emhlabeni orbit (ezikhonjiswayo nalapho izimoto bavimba based ISS), umoya-mpilo-athomu kwakhiwa emkhathini asalile, kungaba asabela nge ebusweni mkhathi, lapho ziba obonakele. Ngo esiteshini ukuthuthukiswa, amandla izinhlelo bebelokhu ukukhathazeka ukuthi izakhi solar ibhethri wenza kusukela polymers ibhekane nokucekelwa okusheshayo ngenxa isenzo i oxidizer asebenzayo.

ingilazi nezimo

NASA ithole isixazululo. Iqembu lososayensi kusukela Glennovskogo Research Center uye wazakhela enamathela mncane-ifilimu ngoba solar panel ababe ungenakonakala isenzo element nolaka. Silica noma ingilazi, isivele oxidized, ngakho-ke asikwazi kabana umoya-mpilo-atomic clock. Abacwaningi baye wadala enamathela of esobala Silica ingilazi, mncane kangangokuba kwaba nezimo. Lesi sendlalelo zokuzivikela ziqine banamathela resin panel kanye awuvikele ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ngaphandle impairing iyiphi lwezici zalo ezishisayo. Ukusabalala namanje ngempumelelo ivikela panel solar we-International Space Station, futhi iye yasetshenziswa ukuvikela esiteshini photovoltaic "Mir".

Ngokusho Banks, ama-solar panel ngempumelelo sekudlule iminyaka engaphezu kweyishumi sokuhlala emkhathini.

Wasebenzisa amandla

Ngemva kokuchitha amakhulu novivinyo beniyingxenye ukuthuthukiswa ezinengilazi amelana umoya-mpilo-athomu, iqembu lososayensi kusukela Research Center Glennovskogo bathola okuhlangenwe nakho ukuqonda indlela zamakhemikhali. Ochwepheshe Sabona nokuthi singakwazi ukusebenzisa ezinye izakhi nolaka.

Ngokusho Banks, iqembu esephawula yoshintsho chemistry ebusweni ukuguguleka izinto zokwakha eziphilayo. Izakhiwo i-oksijini-athomu kuwukuthi uyakwazi ukuze ususe noma ikuphi engokwemvelo, hydrocarbon, okungasekelwe umane abasabela ngayo kumakhemikhali ezivamile.

Abacwaningi baye bathola izindlela eziningi ukuze uyisebenzise. Baye bafunda ukuthi umoya-mpilo-athomu uphendulela abicah ebusweni ingilazi, okungaba wusizo uma ukudala izingxenye ngophawu hermetic ngaphandle kwabo ngokunamathela nomunye. Le nqubo yakhelwe uphawu-International Space Station. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi bathola ukuthi abantu oxygen-athomu Ungayibuyisa nokunakekela imisebenzi ezilimele yobuciko, yokuthuthukisa izinto yokwakhiwa izindiza, kanye ukuzuzisa abantu njengoba ingasetshenziswa ezihlukahlukene izicelo bezokwelapha.

Amakhamera nedivaysi ephathekayo

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene ithonya lomoya-mpilo-athomu kwamanzi. Elivame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu cleaner emakamelweni. ubungako bawo kuhluka izicathulo amabhokisi ngaphambi kokufakwa 1.2 x 1.8 x 0.9 m. Ngokusebenzisa microwave noma imvamisa radio emisebeni abaphukile up ₂ O molecule isimo-mpilo-atomic clock. Ikamelo wabekwa isampula polymer ukuguguleka izinga okhombisa lokuhlushwa izidakamizwa esebenzayo ngaphakathi kweyunithi.

Enye indlela ukusebenzisa into yidivayisi ephathekayo evumela ukuqondisa ukusakaza ewumngcingo yengxenye oxidant esigcibisholweni ethize. Ungakha enjalo ukugeleza ibhethri uyakwazi ukumboza indawo enkulu ebusweni ngayo.

Njengoba ucwaningo olwengeziwe inani elikhulayo izimboni unesithakazelo ukusetshenziswa umoya-mpilo-atomic clock. NASA uye wahlela ezihlukahlukene ukubambisana, ukwaziswa okumayelana nesisebenzisana nabo kanye nabasizi, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ziye zaba yimpumelelo emikhakheni ehlukahlukene ibhizinisi.

umoya-mpilo Atomic emzimbeni

izicelo Ucwaningo timphawu chemical akugcini emkhathini. umoya-mpilo Atomic, izakhiwo ewusizo atholakala, kodwa kunamathuba amaningi okufanele kutjhejwe, wathola izicelo eziningi zokwelapha.

Isetshenziselwa texturing ebusweni polymers futhi kubenza bakwazi ukhule kanye amathambo. I polymers kuvame dudula ithambo amaseli kodwa isici amakhemikhali asebenzayo edonsa adhesion ukuthungwa-ngcono. Lokhu kusiletha kwenye inzuzo, okuletha oxygen-athomu - nokwelashwa kwezifo of the system zemisipha.

Lokhu oxidizer ingaphinda isetshenziswe ukuze akhiphe amanyela ezivela izimila eziphila abakhuthele kuhlinzwa. Ngisho ne umkhuba wamanje lokuhlanzisisa ebusweni izimila kungaba nzima ukuba asuse yonke iminonjana amaseli webhaktheriya, ngokuthi endotoxins. Lezi izinto eziphilayo, kodwa hhayi uyaphila, ngakho inzalo akakwazi uzisuse. Endotoxins kungabangela ukuvuvukala post-yenzeka, okuyimbangela enkulu yezinkinga ubuhlungu futhi ezingaba in iziguli ezingaphezu kweyodwa aqine.

umoya-mpilo Atomic, izakhiwo ewusizo okuyinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba uhlanze sokwenziwa futhi enyula bonke khondo of izinto zokwakha eziphilayo, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi ukuvuvukala post-op. Lokhu kuholela ngcono imiphumela imisebenzi nokwehlisa ubuhlungu ezigulini.

Relief abanesifo sikashukela

Ubuchwepheshe libuye lisetshenziswe izinzwa glucose nezinye ngabaqaphi yezokwelapha nezinto eziphilayo. Basebenzisa Imicu yotshani acrylic optical, ngomala umoya-mpilo-atomic clock. Lokhu kwelashwa ivumela le micu ukuhlunga ebomvu egazi, okuvumela serum contact kuphumelele kangcono ahlanganisa chemical abathola qapha.

Ngokusho Miller, uSharon, unjiniyela kagesi eMnyangweni imvelo Isikhala ucwaningo Glennovskogo NASA ucwaningo centre, kwenza ukuhlolwa esinembile, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo ukukala kashukela ukuhlolwa okudingekayo umthamo ezincane kakhulu kwegazi. Ungathola shot cishe noma kuphi emzimbeni futhi ukuthola imali eyanele igazi ukuze kutholakale izinga ushukela.

Enye indlela ukuthola umoya-mpilo-athomu - i-hydrogen peroxide. Kuyinto oxidizer enamandla kakhulu ukwedlula yamangqamuzana ezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungenxa kalula ubola peroxide. umoya-mpilo Atomic ezakhiwe lokhu, usebenza lisebenza yamangqamuzana okuningi. Loku kubangelwa kanye nama-practical isicelo se-peroxide hydrogen: ukubhujiswa molecule udayi nezinto ezincane eziphilayo.

sokubuyiselwa

Lapho omuhle wobuciko isengozini eshaqisayo yokuba kokulimala ukususa ezingcolisa organic-mpilo-athomu lingasetshenziswa, okuyinto ukushiya impahla iphethini njengoba yayinjalo. Inqubo ususa zonke izinto eziphilayo ezifana carbon noma umule, kodwa ngokuvamile akunamthelela upende. Nemibala ngokuvamile umsuka wezinto ezingaphili futhi kakade oxidized, futhi lokhu kusho ukuthi ngeke kuyilimaze umoya-mpilo. udayi Organic ingaphinda elondolozwe ngokucophelela count ukuchayeka isikhathi. Indwangu kuphephe ngokuphelele, ngoba i-oksijini-athomu abaxhumana nayo kuphela ebusweni lo mdwebo.

yebuciko afakwa ekamelweni cleaner kwakhiwa lapho oxidant is. Kuye izinga lomonakalo nesithombe angahlala khona 20 kuya 400 amahora. Ukuze ukwelashwa okukhethekile ka endaweni ezilimele abadinga nokubuyiselwa, angasetshenziswa umfudlana-mpilo-atomic clock. Lokhu aqede isidingo beka imidwebo egumbini cleaner.

Kuthiwa isisi kanye lipstick - akunankinga

Iminyuziyamu, zemibukiso kanye amasonto waqala uxhumane GIZ, ukuze ugcine futhi ubuyisele imisebenzi yabo yobuciko. Research Center uye wabonisa ikhono ukubuyisela Umdwebo ezilimele of Jackson Pollock, susa lipstick ne imidwebo Endi Uorhola bese ugcine kabana intuthu ngendwangu ibandla St Stanislaus eCleveland. Ithimba Glennovskogo Research Center wasebenzisa umoya-mpilo-athomu ukubuyisela isinqamu kubhekwa elahlekile - ikhophi eminyaka ubudala Italy Raphael sika "Madonna kwesitulo", okuqondene St Alban sika Episcopal Church e Cleveland ..

Ngokusho Banks, lesi sici chemical siyasebenza kakhulu. Ngo art sokubuyiselwa okusebenza esihle. Nokho, lokhu akuyona into ungathenga egabheni, kodwa kuphumelela kangcono.

Izifundo esizayo

NASA kwi reimbursable isisekelo ukusebenza ezihlukahlukene abathintekayo oxygen athomu. Glennovsky Research Center ikhonza abantu, imisebenzi kabani elingenakuqhathaniswa art iye yathonywa ikhaya imililo, kanye bezinkampani wafuna kungenzeka ngokusebenzisa le nto izicelo bezokwelapha ezifana LightPointe Medical yase-Edene Prairie, Minnesota. Le nkampani ithole ukusetshenziswa eziningi-mpilo atomic uzokufumana nakakhulu.

Ngokusho Banks, kwakukhona izindawo eziningi yayingaziwa nhlobo. Kwatholakala inqwaba izicelo isikhala ubuchwepheshe, kodwa cishe abaningi kungenzeka ezindaweni ngaphandle ubuchwepheshe isikhala.

Isikhala enkonzweni yomuntu

Iqembu lososayensi uthemba qhubeka nokuhlola izindlela kokusebenzisa oxygen athomu, kanye nalabo kakade wathola ethembisa. ubuchwepheshe Abaningi baye enelungelo lobunikazi, futhi GIZ ithimba ithemba ukuthi inkampani ngeke ilayisensi futhi commercialize ezinye zazo, ukuthi kuyoyizuzisa nakakhulu esintwini.

Ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, umoya-mpilo-athomu kungadala umonakalo. Ngenxa NASA abacwaningi, yalolu ketshezi manje okwenza negalelo elihle ukuhlola umkhathi , futhi ukuphila eMhlabeni. Noma ngabe kulondolozwe imisebenzi elingenakuqhathaniswa art noma impilo yabantu, umoya-mpilo-athomu iyithuluzi elinamandla. Ukusebenza naye umvuzo ngokuphindwe ngekhulu, futhi imiphumela ngokushesha ebonakalayo.