Uyini Meteor? Meteora: isithombe. Asteroids, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, emkhathini, emkhathini

Asteroids, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, emkhathini, emkhathini - izinto yezinkanyezi babonakala ngokuba engaqaliwe e izisekelo isayensi okufanayo izindikimba zasezulwini. Empeleni kuhluke ngezindlela eziningana. Izakhiwo agcwele asteroyidi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, emkhathini, emkhathini, khumbula ngokwanele nje. Baphinde babe ukufana ezithile: izinto ezifanayo zibekwa, njengobe atsandza imitimba amancane, ngokuvamile libhekwa njengoba isikhala doti. Lokho kuyinto Meteor, ukuthi lihluke kanjani netshe elisemkhathini noma inkanyezi enomsila, iziphi izakhiwo zabo futhi imvelaphi, futhi kuzoxoxwa ngezansi.

imihambima tailed

Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila - isikhala izinto, ehlanganisa yamagesi eqandisiwe namatshe. Kunaloko, konkhe kusekelwe ezindaweni ezikude sonozungezilanga. Izazi Modern baye basikisela ukuthi imithombo eyinhloko lezinkanyezi ezinomsila - kuyinto oxhumene Kuiper ibhande kanye disc bachitheka, ngombandela ekhona Oort efwini.

Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila anemijikelezo side kakhulu. Ngezinye indlela Sun, akha ikhoma nomsila. Lezi zici aqukethe oluyingozi izinto gaseous (ngokwesibonelo, umhwamuko, i-ammonia, methane), uthuli amatshe. Inhloko inkanyezi enomsila noma ikhoma, - negobolondo ngomzuzu izinhlayiya, lapho ukukhanya futhi ukubonakala. It has simise eyindilinga futhi ifinyelela kusayizi waso omkhulu lapho kusondela ukuba ilanga phezu ibanga 1.5-2 iyunithi yezinkanyezi.

Phambi ikhoma ka-nucleus inkanyezi enomsila itholakala. Kujwayele has a usayizi elincane nomumo side. Ngezinye amabanga amade uma liya kusukela core ilanga - okungukuthi kusele inkanyezi enomsila. Siqukethe yamagesi eqandisiwe namadwala.

izinhlobo lezinkanyezi ezinomsila

Ukwahlukaniswa lezi zasemkhathini ukubeka imvamisa yazo yokwelashwa emhlabeni wonke. Lezinkanyezi ezinomsila undizisa elangeni eminyakeni engaphansi kwengu-200 ubudala, abizwa ngokuthi esifushane sikhathi. Ngokuvamile, awela izifunda kwangaphakathi kohlelo lwethu kwamaplanethi kusukela Kuiper ibhande noma disc zihlakazeke. Long-inkathi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila abaphendukela kwesikhathi iminyaka engaphezu kuka-200. 'Ezweni' labo - ngefu i-Oort.

"Planet Encane"

Asteroids aqukethe wokhuni oluqinile. Ngobukhulu zingabantu amaplanethi phansi kunabaphostoli kakhulu, nakuba abanye amalungu ala izinto isikhala sibe iziphuphutheki. Iningi amaplanethi ezincane, njengoba amaphayona ayebizwa kanjalo ngaphambili, bagxila kule main ibhande elisemkhathini, elise phakathi umzila wenyanga Mars kanye Jupiter.

Inombolo ephelele enjalo izindikimba zasezulwini, owaziwa ngokuba 2015 kudlulwe 670.000. Naphezu inombolo umxhwele ezinjalo, okomnikelo asteroyidi nenqwaba zonke izinto zesimiso sonozungezilanga azinakwa - kg 3-3.6 x 10 ²¹ kuphela. Kuyinto% 4 kuphela ipharamitha ezifanayo of the Moon.

Ukuze zihlanganisa asteroyidi, akubona bonke umzimba ezincane. Umbandela wokuthola Ukukhetha iyona ubukhulu. Uma idlula 30 m, into ibhekwa netshe elisemkhathini. Umzimba nge Ubukhulu ezincane abizwa ngokuthi zamatshe.

Ukwahlukaniswa asteroyidi

Ngesisekelo Ukubuthelela lezi zasemkhathini kuyinto imingcele embalwa. Asteroids izici ehlangene yama zazo zingaphazami kanye nomkhakha okukhanya okubonakalayo ukuthi kwabonakala kusukela evele yabo.

Ngokwe umbandela wesibili yilezi izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

• carbon (C);
• silicate (S);
• metal (M).

Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa cishe 75% wabo bonke asteroyidi namuhla eyaziwa. Nge ngcono imishini kanye Bole ukutadishwa izinto ezifana ngezigaba yandisa.

zamatshe

Meteoroid - olunye uhlobo zemizimba cosmic. Lokhu akulona asteroyidi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, emkhathini noma emkhathini. I engavamile kulezi izinto - usayizi encane. Zamatshe izilinganiso ezibekwe phakathi asteroyidi nothuli isikhala. Ngakho, baphathe umzimba ngenhloso ububanzi engaphansi kuka 30 m. Abanye ososayensi bazimisele the meteoroid njengoba umzimba eqinile nakho ngeke kusize nge ububanzi 100 m kuya ku-10 m. Ngokusho imvelaphi yabo, zingabantu samabanga aphansi noma, esenzelwa ngemva kokubhujiswa izinto ezinkulu.

Lapho bengena umkhathi meteoroid sikhanya. Futhi lapha siphakathi kakade esondela impendulo yombuzo othi, yini Meteor.

inkanyezi sokudubula

Ngezinye izikhathi izinkanyezi twinkling esibhakabhakeni ebusuku kungazelelwe eyodwa kuqubuka, ichaza arc amancane iphele. Ngubani owake wabona izinto ezifana nalezi, uyazi ukuthi i-Meteor. Lokhu "ezitshuzayo" abangenathuba ubuhlobo izinkanyezi zangempela. Meteor - mkhuba cishe asemkhathini ukuthi kwenzeka uma umoya ungena igobolondo kuyiplanethi yethu ezincane izinto obujwayelekile (labo zamatshe). Ukukhanya waphawula we flash incike yasekuqaleni cosmic usayizi umzimba. Uma Meteor kukhanye ngaphezu yesihlanu ezidlula, ibizwa ngokuthi a Fireball.

ukubukela

Lesi senzakalo bahlonishwe kusukela amaplanethi babe isimo kuphela. Emkhathini the Moon noma Mercury ayikwazi waphawula ngoba bengafuni isikhwama somoya.

Uma "izinkanyezi falling" izimo ezifanele kungabonwa njalo ebusuku. Kungcono ujabulele emkhathini ukuthi izulu lihle noma ngesikhathi ibanga elithileko kusuka kumthombo ucishe enamandla sokukhanya okwenziwe umuntu. Futhi in the sky kufanele kube khona inyanga. Kulokhu, kungabonwa ngeso lenyama ngaphansi 5 ngehora. Izinto, okuholela ukubonakala olulodwa "Falling Stars" lizungeza ilanga ezihlukahlukene ezungeza. Ngakho-ke, indawo kanye nesikhathi ukubukeka kwabo esibhakabhakeni ayikwazi abikezela ngokunembile.

Ukusakaza

Meteora, izithombe zazo futhi okusesihlokweni esithi, njengoba umthetho, banendabuko kuyiwa. Bayingxenye omunye ezibhuzayo eziningana imizimba ezincane yasezulwini ehamba izungeze umhlaba we trajectory ezithile. Ngokuqondene nabo, isikhathi ekahle eyalandela (isikhathi, egqolozele phezulu esibhakabhakeni, noma ubani angaba ngokushesha uqonde ukuthi Meteor) kuchazwa kahle.

Roy letintfo isikhala ubizwa nangokuthi eshaweni Meteor. Ezimweni eziningi, baze akhiwa ukubhujiswa nucleus inkanyezi enomsila. Ngamunye kuyizinhlayiyana ukusakaza lihamba parallel nomunye. Nokho, surface eMhlabeni kubonakala sengathi basuke asebenza ezintweni ezivela endaweni encane ethile esibhakabhakeni. Le ngxenye ibizwa ecucuza akhishwa imisebe yalo. Igama uswebezane Meteor, njengoba umthetho, unikezwa umlaza lapho kuba isikhungo ezibukwayo (ekhazimulayo) noma igama enomsila, ngokuwa okwaholela ukubukeka kwakhe.

Meteora, okuyinto lula ukuthola isithombe nge hardware ekhethekile ezihlobene ezifana notshwala bungangobubanzi Perseids, Quadrantids lokhu -Aquarids, Lyrids, le Geminids. Ubude kuze kube manje, ke neyaziwayo khona imifudlana 64 futhi mayelana 300 ezimele isiqinisekiso.

amatshe yasezulwini

Emkhathini, asteroyidi, emkhathini kanye lezinkanyezi ezinomsila - ezihlobene e ngandlela-thile nomqondo zindlela. Eyokuqala into isikhala elehla Earth. Ngokuvamile, zingabantu umthombo asteroyidi, okungenani - a inkanyezi enomsila. Emkhathini idatha esingenantengo etincenyeni letehlukene sonozungezilanga okungalé koMhlaba.

Iningi lezi zindikimba asewile eplanethini yethu, banayo usayizi encane kakhulu. Umxhwele kakhulu ngobukhulu bayo emkhathini siyekele iminonjana umthelela, kuba obonakalayo futhi emva izigidi zeminyaka. eyaziwa kahle kuyinto wentaba ngasedolobheni Winslow, Arizona. Ukuwa kwe-meteorite ngo-1908, kusolwa ukuthi kubangelwa umcimbi Tunguska.

izinto ezinjalo ezinkulu "uvakashele" Umhlaba wonke ambalwa eminyakeni million. emkhathini Iningi wathola ziziphilela nesizotha usayizi, kodwa azibi esibalulekile isayensi kancane.

Ngokusho ososayensi, lezi izinto ongamtshela okuningi ngesikhathi kumiswa zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlansana udaba lokuthi lalakhiwe iplanethi abasha. Ezinye emkhathini ufika kithi kusuka Mars noma inyanga. imihambima okunjalo cosmic uvumele ukufunda okuthile okusha mayelana lezinto eseduze ngaphandle izindleko omkhulu mikhankaso ezikude.

Ukuze ngekhanda umehluko ezichazwe kulesi sihloko kungaba amaningi lezinto ukwethula ekuguquleni emizimbeni emkhathini. Le nguzunga, ehlanganisa kanzima itshe rock noma inkanyezi enomsila, okuyinto block ice, ukubhujiswa ukukhiqiza zamatshe ukuthi reentry iplanethi ukuvuleka Meteor, niyishise, noma ukuwa, bayilethe emkhathini. Kwakamuva enothisa ulwazi lwethu lonke esedlule.

Emkhathini, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, emkhathini, futhi asteroyidi nezinguzunga zamatshe - abahlanganyeli okuqhubekayo isikhala traffic. Ekuhloleni lezi izinto kuletha umnikelo omkhulu ukuqonda kwethu yonke. Nge ngcono kwemishini for Astrophysics uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe ngalezi izinto. Kwaphela muva nje, "Rosetta" umsebenzi uphenyo kwabonisa ngokucacile ukuthi ukwaziswa okuningi ingatholakala isifundo enemininingwane kwalezi cosmic.