Sobukhulu Ingabe Ohulumeni Banalo Lonke nomkhawulo: incazelo, isikali nokukhanya

Uma uphakamisa ikhanda, ungabona eziningi izinkanyezi ngobusuku obucwathile Licwathile. Ngakho kakhulu ukuthi, kubonakala, ungabali nhlobo. It kuvela ukuthi izindikimba zasezulwini, esibonakala ngamehlo, kodwa abalwa. Kukhona lawo lalingaba zinkulungwane 6. Lena inombolo ephelele kokubili Nenkabazwe eningizimu futhi kule planethi yethu. Kahle kahle, thina, yilezi, isibonelo, ukuthi aseNyakatho Nenkabazwe, ukuthi kuzodingeka ngiye cishe uhhafu wezindleko, okungukuthi endaweni ethile 3 ayizinkulungwane. Stars.

A inqwaba izinkanyezi ebusika

Ngeshwa, cabanga zonke izinkanyezi cishe kungenakwenzeka, ngoba isidingo izimo ezineziqhumane ngokuphelele esobala futhi ukungabi oluphelele iyiphi imithombo ukukhanya. Ngisho noma uzithola esigangeni kude okukhanyisa ezisemadolobheni ebusuku ezijulile ebusika. Kungani ebusika? Ngoba ehlobo nights alula kakhulu! Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ilanga kufika nje lé. Kodwa ngisho Kulokhu, amehlo ethu akukho kuka 2.5-3 ayizinkulungwane. Stars izotholakala. Kungani-ke ngakho?

Into wukuthi Umfundi we Iso lomuntu, uma ikhona i idivayisi optical, iqoqa ethile ukukhanya okuvela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene. Kulokhu, imithombo ukukhanya kukhona izinkanyezi. Indlela sibabona, incike ububanzi we-optical lens iyunithi. Ngokwemvelo, i-lens the omabonakude noma isibonakude ingilazi has a ububanzi kunangendlela Umfundi esweni. Ngakho-ke, futhi ngeke ukuqoqa ukukhanya okuningi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngosizo amathuluzi yezinkanyezi ungabona izinkanyezi abaningi.

Anezinkanyezi sky ngemehlo Hipparchus

Ngokuqinisekile uke waphawula yini ukuthi izinkanyezi ziyehluka ukugqama, noma, njengoba Izazi zezinkanyezi zithi kungenxa ngokusobala ukukhanya. Esikhathini esidlule, abantu futhi banake kuso. Hipparchus ihlukaniswe yonke imigwamanda ebonakalayo yasezulwini ku sobukhulu kokuba VI amakilasi. Bhá babo "wathola" Mina, futhi unimpressive kakhulu amchaza ngokuthi i-VI izinkanyezi isigaba. Okusele zazihlukaniswe ngala amakilasi Lesisemkhatsini.

It kamuva kwavela ukuthi sobukhulu ezahlukene aphakathi ubuhlobo nabathile algorithmic. A ukuhlanekezela iLuminance ilingane enanini izikhathi iso lethu ibonwa njengoba kokukhipha elifanayo. Ngakho, kwaziwa ezikhazimulayo izinkanyezi licace mina Isigaba II Ukubengezela mayelana 2.5 izikhathi.

izikhathi eziningi licace kakhulu inkanyezi ekilasini II III, kanye zikhipha III, noma, - IV. Ngenxa yalokho, umehluko phakathi izinkanyezi kukhanya mina VI amagugu kuhluke izikhathi 100 by. Ngakho, izinto ezisemkhathini VII isigaba zingaphezu embundwini umbono womuntu. Kubalulekile futhi ukwazi ukuthi ezidlula - lokhu akulona usayizi inkanyezi nokukhanya yayo sobala.

Yimbi kangakanani ngokuphelele?

Sobukhulu akuzona kuphela ebonakalayo, kodwa futhi ngokuphelele. Leligama lisetshenziswa uma ufuna uqhathanise nomunye izinkanyezi ezimbili by luminosity yabo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, inkanyezi ngayinye kuthiwa wenziwa okunemibandela ibanga esezingeni 10 parsecs. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba ukubaluleka into inkanyezi ababeyibone wayeyoba uma sise ibanga 10 pc kusukela owayebukele.

Ngokwesibonelo, ubukhulu ilanga lethu -26,7. Kodwa kusukela ibanga 10 PC inkanyezi yethu kungaba kancane obonakalayo iso into okunjengalokho yesihlanu. It kulandela ukuthi ephakeme luminosity sento yasezulwini, noma, njengoba besho, amandla ukuthi inkanyezi obusuka per unit isikhathi, aba maningi amathuba ukuthi ubukhulu ngokuphelele into ukuthatha value ezimbi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, the ephansi iLuminance, ayanda ukubaluleka omuhle into.

Izinkanyezi ezigqame kakhulu

Zonke izinkanyezi zinethonya ezahlukene ukukhanya sobala. Omunye kancane licace ezidlula wekucala, wesibili - buthaka kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu amagugu wamaqhuzu ziye kwethulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, uma ubukhulu belanga isicwebezelisi yayo liphakathi kuka izigaba I neyesi-II, khona-ke ubhekwa inkanyezi 1.5 ekilasini. Kukhona futhi adlale ne sobukhulu ka 2.3 ... 4.7 ... nokunye .. Ngokwesibonelo, Procyon kungokwalabo umlaza enkabazwe Canis Minor, ukubonile arcade yonkana Russia ngo-January noma Februwari. ukugqama elisobala - 0.4.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubukhulu mina amaningi 0. kuphela inkanyezi eyodwa cishe ncamashi oluhambisana ke - kuba Vega, inkanyezi bhá e umlaza Lyra. isicwebezelisi yaso cishe 0.03 ezidlula. Nokho, kukhona ukukhanya okukuwe licace kakhulu kuye, kodwa ezidlula yabo alivumi. Ngokwesibonelo, Sirius, okuyinto kungabonakala nasemkhakheni ama- ezimbili. likhanya ngendlela efanayo - -1,5 ezidlula.

sobukhulu Negative babelwa hhayi izinkanyezi kuphela, kodwa futhi kwezinye izinto ezingcwele: iLanga, iNyanga, abanye amaplanethi, lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, neziteshi isikhala. Nokho, zikhona izinkanyezi ongashintsha ucwebezela ngendlela ekhangayo yayo. Phakathi kwabo, kukhona inala izinkanyezi onesigqi nge amplitudes ayebuthaka obuhlukahlukene, kodwa kukhona labo iyiphi bangase bazibone pulsations eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Ukulinganisa sobukhulu

Kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, cishe zonke izinyathelo esikalini ibanga sobukhulu yejeyomethri. Photometric nesilinganiso indlela isetshenziselwa amabanga amade, noma uma ufuna ukuqhathanisa luminosity into nge ukukhanya yayo sobala. Ngokuyinhloko, ibanga izinkanyezi eliseduze ichazwe ngu Parallax yabo yonyaka --eksisi semi ezinkulu lesiyingi. iziphuphutheki umkhankaso esikhathini esizayo ngezelela isithombe okubonakalayo okungenani izikhathi ezimbalwa. Ngeshwa ibanga ezingaphezu kuka 50-100 PC esetshenziswa ezinye izindlela.

Trip ku-evulekile

Esikhathini eside esidlule, bonke izindikimba zasezulwini namaplanethi zazincane kakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, i-Earth wethu yake usayizi Venus, ngisho esikhathini ngaphambili - ne-Mars. Amabhiliyoni edlule, wonke amazwekazi kuyiplanethi yethu harbored uqweqwe okuqinile ezwekazini. Kamuva anda ubukhulu Earth, kanye amapuleti yezwekazi sesihlukana, ukudala izilwandle.

Zonke-Izinkanyezi kanye ukufika "ebusika Galactic" ezikhulayo lokushisa, likhanya ngendlela efanayo futhi ezidlula. Kala isisindo umzimba wasezulwini (isibonelo, Sun) kanye nesikhathi kwandisa. Nokho, ngokwesilinganiso, kwakubikwa engalingani kakhulu.

Ekuqaleni, le nkanyezi kancane, nje njenganoma yiluphi olunye amaplanethi amakhulukazi harbored ice okuqinile. Kamuva ukukhanya laliqala ukwanda ngobukhulu zaze zaba isisindo salo ezibucayi futhi akuzange kubavimbe ezikhulayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinkanyezi ukwandisa ngezikhathi nenqwaba ukufika elandelayo Galactic ebusika, futhi off-inkathi encishisiwe.

Kanye ilanga laliphuma futhi lonke zesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ngeshwa, akuyona yonke izinkanyezi uzokwazi kuzoqhubeka ngale ndlela. Abaningi babo zinyamalale ekujuleni nezinye izinkanyezi okukhulu ngaphezulu. izindikimba zasezulwini afundwa omise Galactic futhi kancane kancane eduze isikhungo, izinto ziyawohloka kwelinye izinkanyezi eliseduze.

Galaxy - kuyinto supergiant uhlelo inkanyezi-kwamaplanethi, ezenzeka kusukela ngo-galaxy yemifino, okuyinto iphuma amaqoqo amancane eliphuma amaningi uhlelo kwamaplanethi. Lesi sakamuva uvela ohlelweni efanayo neyethu.

Umkhawulo ukubaluleka izinkanyezi

manje ayisekho imfihlo ukuthi esibhakabhakeni esobala kakhudlwana futhi mnyama ngaphezu kwethu, aba maningi inani lezinkanyezi, noma emkhathini kungabonwa. Linganisa ezidlula - isici abantu ukuchaza kangcono hhayi kuphela ngenxa obala kwesibhakabhaka, kodwa futhi emehlweni salokho okufanele likubone. Umuntu angabona ukuvutha inkanyezi ukucasha kakhulu nje emkhathizwe, umbono wakhe neuropathy. Nokho, kuwufanele kokusho ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ukuhlolwa ngabanye ngayinye. Lapho kuqhathaniswa observation ezibukwayo kwesibonakude, umehluko kubalulekile uku uhlobo idivayisi iphinde ububanzi lens yayo.

Amandla isibonakude permeation ithumba imisebe eyingozi evela ipuleti enezithombe izinkanyezi dim. Ngo ngezibonakude zanamuhla bangase bazibone izinto luminosity 26-29 sobukhulu. Amandla okungena ekujuleni zedivayisi kuncike eziningi criteria ezengeziwe. Phakathi kwabo, ka okumqoka ikhwalithi izithombe.

usayizi Stellar kuncike isimo emkhathini, lens ubude ebalulekile, emulsion, futhi isikhathi esabelwe ukuchayeka. Nokho, kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu kuba ukukhanya inkanyezi.