Umchamo gravity ethize. Incazelo urinalysis

Umuntu kukho konke ukuphila kufanele ubhekane ezihlukahlukene kwezinsizakalo zokwelashwa. Lokhu kungaba babonisana yezokwelapha nge onguchwepheshe, kakhulu kwisifundo sanoma imuphi izinto eziphilayo, ukuhlola izitho zangaphakathi, ukuthatha imithi ehlukahlukene. Urinalysis ukudlula ngokuphelele kubo bonke abantu, ezinqunyiwe bonke abantu - kusukela izinsana abadala. Lona ezivamile futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo indlela ulwazi ka ukuphenywa kokuphulwa umchamo.

Urinalysis: Hlobo luni ucwaningo?

Ukuhlaziywa kolwazi kuyinto inkomba umsebenzi izinso, ngakho ngesikhathi izinsolo kancane nezinkinga zabo, odokotela linqume kulolu cwaningo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlaziywa kungase kubonise ukuthi ezinye izinqubo sokugembula emzimbeni. Le ndlela ungakwazi ukuthola ayilungile emizimbeni operation, sokunquma izakhiwo jikelele umchamo kanye urinary inzika microscopy. The main imingcele lapho udokotela kwenza iziphetho mayelana ngezimo zesiguli, lokhu okulandelayo:

• umbala umchamo;
• obala yayo;
• kwabantu umchamo;
• khona amaprotheni;
• asidi;
• Amanani glucose;
• a-hemoglobin ubekezele;
• bilirubin;
• emizimbeni ketone ;
• urobilinogen;
• nitrites;
• khona e umchamo nosawoti ;
• epithelium;
• inani erythrocyte;
• leukocyte;
• yiziphi kwegciwane umchamo;
• amasilinda.

Lolu cwaningo in iziguli ukwehluleka kwezinso ngokuvamile esimisiwe ukuqapha Dynamics izinguquko umsebenzi ohlelweni excretory kanye nasekuphumeleleni imithi. Umuntu okunempilo kufanele kuhle ukuthatha leli ukuhlaziywa kuyinto izikhathi 1-2 ngonyaka ukuze kusenesikhathi pathologies.

Yiziphi izimiso ukuhlaziywa iqoqo?

Lolu cwaningo kumele kwenziwe ngokunemba okuphelele. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa kusukela ekuqaleni eqoqweni umchamo emiphumeleni yokugcina. idingekile ukuze iziphathimandla inhlanzeko efanele phambi lokuqoqa umchamo. Udinga ukuba banake yokuthi ukuhlaziya asifanele tintfo tekuphatsa letehlukene ukudla noma izimbiza. Ukuqoqa izinto eziphilayo azithathe kudinga esitsheni ekhethekile esetshenziswa kuphela ngalezi zinhloso. Ungathenga nganoma yisiphi ekhemisi.

NGOBUSUKU obungaphambi ukulethwa yokuhlaziya ufuna ukukuvala ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo engase imibala umchamo: beet, izaqathe, kanye nabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukulandelela ukusetshenziswa bangaphambi imithi ehlukene, njengoba kungase kubangele ukuba sisibheke imiphumela yokuhlolwa. Ngo Imiphumela osesikhathini futhi kungase kube iqiniso, ngakho udinga ukulinda kuze kube sekupheleni kwesikhathi.

Akunakwenzeka kusihlwa ngaphambi ukuhlaziya ukuphuza utshwala. Okuqukethwe microelements umchamo kungenzeka zishintshe ngendlela ephawulekayo.

Yikuphi kungenziwa kunqunywa le ukuhlaziywa?

Urinalysis ezinqunyiwe ukuze sithole isimo umzimba lapho abanye zokugula okusolwayo. Lokhu kuhlaziya ezinqunyiwe uma izifo kohlelo urinary, ukunquma okubakhona isifo kanye ukulawula ke. Ukuhlaziywa kusiza ngesikhathi ukuvimbela yezinkinga kungenzeka, futhi ibonisa ukuphumelela ekwelapheni. Lolu cwaningo futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kuhlolo zabantu ezivivinyweni okhokhelwayo.

Ukunqunywa kwabantu umchamo

Umchamo Wugqinsi - isihlobo ukuminyana ratio izinto ezimbili, enye yazo kubhekwa njengendlela reference. Kulokhu, isampuli ubhekwa amanzi distilled. umchamo gravity ethize ngokuvamile akwenzeki njalo. Isizathu - usuku ukuminyana izinguquko, lokhu kungenxa non-ukufana okukhipha imikhiqizo umzimba ziyoncibilika umchamo.

Lapho gqwa igazi, izinso bakha umchamo eyinhloko, iningi okuyinto ukuncela inversely bese ibuyisela emgudwini wegazi. Kususelwa inqubo ngenhla, izinso benza yesibili CONCENTRATE umchamo. Inqubo ngenhla libizwa emakamu umsebenzi izinso. Uma kukhona ukwephulwa wale mithandazo, lokhu kuzonciphisa ukuminyana eyisihlobo umchamo. Ukwephula umsebenzi lokuhlushwa kungaba sikashukela insipidus, abanye embodiments ka nephritis ezingamahlalakhona kanye nezinye izifo.

Uma livela amaprotheni umchamo, ushukela, egazi amhlophe, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu nokunye okunjalo - kuyasiza ukwandisa kwabantu of umchamo. inhlanganiso Isihlobo umchamo, futhi, ngokunembile, ukubaluleka kwayo ngokwesilinganiso luncike iminyaka yobudala bomuntu. Futhi kuncike yobudala lokuhlushwa nokusebenza kwezinso. Ngokuvamile, le miqondo emibili kuhlobene.

Physiology nesenzakalo kwabantu umchamo

umchamo gravity ethize, futhi, ngokunembile, inqubo lapho ivela khona, unezigaba ezintathu. Lokhu filtration, reabsorption, futhi ijabulise uketshezi.

Eyokuqala esiteji - Filtration - senzeka Malpighian umzimba nephron. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ophezulu hydrostatic e capillary glomerular, okuyinto adalwe yokuthi ububanzi arteriole odala ezingaphezu kuka efferent.

Isigaba sesibili libizwa reabsorption noma, ngamanye amazwi, ukuncela kolunye uhlangothi. It is kwenziwe tubules bushelelezi nesisontekile we nephron, okuyinto, empeleni, umchamo eyinhloko ingena.

Wokugcina, esigabeni sesithathu kumiswa umchamo - uketshezi ijabulise. Kwezinso tubule amaseli kanye enzyme akhethekile ezokuthutha asebenzayo Kwenziwa kusukela capillary igazi ku mafutha anciphisa isikhala esingaphakathi we tubules anobuthi imikhiqizo umzimba: urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, nabanye.

Norm ukuminyana eyisihlobo umchamo

inhlanganiso Isihlobo umchamo ngokuvamile has a ezahlukene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo lasungulwa izonqunywa ukusebenza izinso evamile. Mayelana ochwepheshe abaningi kwabantu eyisihlobo umchamo. Kuyinsakavukela lokhu Inkomba izokhuphuka emini abaningi izikhathi. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi ngezikhathi ezithile umuntu othatha ezihlukahlukene ukudla, amanzi okuphuza futhi ulahlekelwe uketshezi ngokusebenzisa ukujuluka, ukuphefumula kanye neminye imisebenzi. Ezimweni ezihlukahlukene izinso secrete umchamo ne izinkomba kwabantu isihlobo: 1.001 - 1,040. Kukholakala lena kwabantu umchamo kungokwemvelo. Uma umuntu omdala onempilo ukuphuza amanzi ngokwanele, kwabantu eyisihlobo umchamo, izinga okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, ekuseni ungaba izibalo ezilandelayo: 1.015 - 1.020. umchamo Morning kungaba umatasa kakhulu, kusukela ketshezi asisho ukungena emzimbeni ebusuku.

kwabantu umchamo kuyinto evamile, uma umbala salo utshani-yellow, okusobala, futhi anyakaza nephunga. ukuphendula yalo kufanele isukela 4 kuya ku-7.

I esiyingozi baruria?

Uma umuntu ine ukuminyana lelitfutfukile umchamo, kubonisa ukuthi kukhona izinqubo ezithile sokugembula emzimbeni, okuyinto ngegama elilodwa okuthiwa "baruria". Lesisifo ukwanda kubonakala ka edema, ngokukhethekile, glomerulonephritis acute noma alanele kwegazi izinso. Uma sekube omkhulu extrarenal ukulahlekelwa uketshezi. Lezi zihlanganisa isifo sohudo, ukuhlanza, ukulahlekelwa enkulu igazi, ukusha ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba, ukuvuvukala, ukuhlukumezeka besisu, isimiso emathunjini. On baruria kuyofakazela futhi umchamo esiningi glucose, amaprotheni, izidakamizwa kanye metabolites yabo. Imbangela yalesi sifo liba ekuseni ukugula ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Uma udlulisa ukuhlaziywa umchamo, inani lemikhaya okuyinto yayiphezulu (ngaphezu kuka-1030), lokhu yi izobonisa baruria. Le miphumela kudingeka siqiniseke ukuxoxa nodokotela.

ingozi Omkhulu ekuphileni komuntu, kwabantu eliphezulu umchamo akuyena obangela. Kodwa kungenjongo zezinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Pathology izinso, ezifana nephrotic syndrome.
2. Ukungabi bikho eyinhloko zokugula kwezinso (glycosuria, myeloma, uthi hypovolemic lapho lenyuka amanzi reabsorption ku tubules njengoba isinxephezelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho iqala sokugxila umchamo).

Kuyini wafakaza gipostenuriya?

Gipostenuriya - a okuphambene isifo baruria. It libhekene kwabantu esincishisiwe umchamo. Isizathu siba sibi kwezinso umonakalo ijabulise, isifo sikashukela insipidus, unomphela nokwehluleka ukusebenza kwezinso noma umfutho wegazi ophakeme ebulalayo.

Gipostenuriya ibonisa ukuthi ukwephulwa iphutha sokugxila ikhono nezinso. Futhi lokhu, esikhundleni salokho, kusikisela ukwehluleka kwezinso. Futhi uma bathola lesi sifo, kungcono ukusebenzisa ngokushesha kudokotela, Nephrologist, abayoba akwabele ukwelashwa esifike ngesikhathi futhi kudingekile.

Izinkambiso umchamo ukuminyana izingane

Njengoba kushiwo ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, kwabantu nezindinganiso umchamo ahlukile yobudala ngamunye. Ukuhlaziya umchamo omdala kakhulu kuhluke ingane. Kungaba ziyahlukahluka ngezindlela eziningi, kodwa into ebaluleke ihlukile - emithethweni. inhlanganiso Isihlobo umchamo ingane kumele bahlangabezane mazinga alandelayo:

- izinga wosuku olulodwa iyona izinyane lembuzi elivela 1.008 ukuba 1.018;

- uma ingane mayelana izinyanga eziyisithupha, kuyinsakavukela kungaba ukuba 1,002-1,004;

- abaneminyaka ephakathi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha kuya onyakeni density eyisihlobo umchamo - kuyinto uhla 1.006 ukuze 1.010;

- abaneminyaka ephakathi kwengu-ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu ngale kwabantu umchamo ngeke isukela 1.010 ukuba 1.020;

- izingane, okuyinto eminyakeni engaba ngu-7-8, kuyinsakavukela kuyinto 1,008-1,022;

- futhi labo abasesikhundleni uhla engu-10 kuya ku-12, abo ukuminyana umchamo kumele ifane ngesilinganiso 1,011-1,025.

Ngezinye izikhathi, abazali zinzima kakhulu ukuqoqa umchamo ingane yakho, ikakhulu uma kuyinto encane kakhulu. Kodwa ukuze sithole kwabantu umchamo laboratory lapho azihlole Kwenziwa, imelwe ezingeqile kwezingama-50 ml.