Izimo zemvelo kanye izici jikelele angaphandle European

indawo European, okuyinto etholakala ngaphandle emazweni ayengaphansi CIS, esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "I-Europe bezinye izizwe." Siqukethe amazwe amane kweshumi, ahlanganiswa ndawonye yi-kweqembu ubudlelwane zomlando zezombusazwe. indawo Foreign eYurophu amakhilomitha square mayelana ayizigidi ezingu-5,4, kanti abantu - abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-500. Le ndawo ngempela omunye izikhungo impucuko izwe, futhi zisendaweni ebalulekile kwezombusazwe emhlabeni. Namuhla sizoxoxa kuya kulesitfupha ngesihloko ezifana incazelo jikelele Europe angaphandle. Kwebanga le-11 ikharikhulamu kuhilela ukucabangela isihloko. Asikhumbule ukuthi esasizifunda esikoleni, futhi Dweba ngokwakho okusha!

isimo

Le ndawo ukuthi ucabangela namuhla, eqhubeka 5000 km ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu futhi 3,000 km kusuka entshonalanga kuya empumalanga. Phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu, zikhona ezinkulu kanye naphakathi, kodwa zisatholakala ongaphakeme e iningi. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ihlaya wokuthi njengoba esibethelwe Belgium, udinga isikhathi sokuba siqhubeke kwabhoboka, kungenjalo ungabiza kwenye State. isitimela Fast edabula izwe kumaminithi 140 nje. Emave lanjalo ngalokuvamile eYurophu kakhulu. Yingakho abaningi babo ayikho into okuthiwa olele.

Imibukiso incazelo jikelele emazweni angaphandle yeYurophu, abayikho, ngokuya izimo zezomnotho womhlaba, babe izici ezimbili eziyinhloko. Eyokuqala yalezi - emazweni isikhundla engumakhelwane. Ukuze ezincane (ukukhuluma kuqhathaniswa, vele) ubukhulu insimu futhi "ukujula" yayo encane, uthi babe uhlelo ezimisiwe zokuthutha link. Eyesibili sici - isibalo main ngasolwandle indawo e-Europe. Abaningi babo bafunana etholakala eduze nemifula esimatasa. Impilo lamazwe ezifana England, eNetherlands, Denmark, Iceland, Portugal, Norway, Italy naseGrisi, kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuhlobene eduze kolwandle.

Kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili ibalazwe nezombangazwe zaseYurophu uye washintsha abalulekile kathathu: emva wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi, kanye ekupheleni 90s. Namuhla e-Europe zingatholakala republic kwezilwandle, amakhosi ohlanga kanye nemave ebumbeneko nokazwelonke.

Imvelo kanye Resources

Industrial angaphandle Europe sidalwe ngaphansi kwethonya izimfanelo zemvelo, okungukuthi ukubunjwa namaminerali. Enyakatho (yesikhulumi) futhi eningizimu (eligoqiwe) izingxenye zale ndawo kwehlukile. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye amumethe insimbi ombiwa phansi. The main itshe-amalahle ezinamanzi zinhle lo Ruhr (eJalimane) kanye Upper yeSilesia (Poland). Phakathi uwoyela negesi amachibi ukunikeza eNorth Sea. Futhi phakathi yensimbi - Pool Kiruna (Sweden) kanye Lorraine (France).

Ingxenye eseningizimu esifundeni amumethe nsimbi Lokudabuka magmatic futhi sedimentary. Kepha zigcine kwezinsiza fuel, azikho bukhulu njengobubanzi enyakatho yeYurophu.

izici Jikelele Europe angaphandle ngokuya amandla ebonisa ukuthi imithombo yalo kukhona okukhulu kakhulu, kodwa zitholakala ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni entabeni, okungukuthi kuthiwa: Alpine, Nordic Dinaric. Ngo eziningi emazweni, imithombo Cishe isiphelile. Ubunjalo esifundeni kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ngenkuthalo kwezolimo. Inkinga nje - ukuntuleka umhlaba. Small uthi ugu uhlushwa ke, ukwandisa maqondana kolwandle. Ngokwesibonelo, ingxenye yesithathu Insimu Netherlands waba 'banqoba "ngasolwandle ngosizo kwamadamu. Abantu bakule ndawo kule ndaba, wathi: ". UNkulunkulu wadala Earth, kanye AmaDashi - Netherlands" Lokhu akunakwenzeka ukubhala esigabeni yencwadi "Geography" (grade 11). izici Jikelele Europe angaphandle kunjalo awukwazi indiva lesi Empeleni.

Isifunda Itholakala esipholile nakwezifudumele (eningizimu) esishintshashintshayo. Abahlala kule ndawo yaseMediterranean umkhakha wezolimo esitebeleni akunakwenzeka ngaphandle ngenkasa. Ngokuyisisekelo kuthinta Italy naseSpain. Izimo best for eFinland naseSweden ngiziqhayise akhona mayelana namahlathi. Shono kukhona isisho esithi: ". Finland ngaphandle ihlathi, ibhere ngaphandle izinwele" Izinto ezingokwemvelo zokungcebeleka yethuliwe ngokwanele kakhulu.

Manje sekuyisikhathi sokuba ucabange into elandelayo ka inkulumo ngesihloko esithi "izici Jikelele Europe bezinye izizwe."

Inani labantu base-Europe angaphandle

Ukwakheka National oluphakeme iyunifomu. Iningi izizwe siwuhlobo Indo-European. Inkolo eyinhloko ubuKristu esifundeni. Nokho, umbuso waseningizimu nayo athambekele ekusebenziseni ubuKatolika, kanti enyakatho - EsengamaProthestani. International Europe kubhekwa omunye elinabantu abaningi kakhulu izifunda Zomhlaba. I ukwanda kwabantu lapha abantu phezu 100 per 1 square kilometre. Ngokufakwa ichaza ikakhulukazi isimo sendawo abantu. Ngokusho ezingeni yokuphila yasedolobheni Yurophu lifaka phezulu. Emadolobheni lamakhulu, ingabe labantu isilinganiso-78% yesizwe sonkana. Kukhona amazwe lapho lesi sibalo ifinyelela 90%.

Ngokuhamba Eminyakeni yamuva, inani labantu baseYurophu baqala ukukhula kancane kakhulu. Ngo-15 uthi kukhona labantu ukwehla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ishintsha ngezithako zawo - inani elikhulayo labantu asebekhulile. Lokhu kwangenza ngalahlekelwa share esifundeni e-mshini lembulunga yonke elinezinto ezinhlobonhlobo kufuduka zangaphandle. Kancane kancane Europe angaphandle isiba Kugcwele zomsebenzi ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe. Lapha, kukhona abantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-20 abasebenzi abavela kwamanye amazwe. Ezingu-7 kuzo bukhoma e-Germany.

izici Jikelele kwemnotfo angaphandle European

11 ekilasini lwezifundo uhlola nezindaba ezifana yokuzenzisa, siphinde silithinte ngokuningiliziwe. Njengoba i esifundeni ebalulekile, Europe angaphandle has a izwe ubuqhawe ukuziphilisa nokuthengiswa, usayizi ukukhiqizwa yezimboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha. Amandla lokuqala ezomnotho kulesi sifundazwe uhlezi phezu amazwe ezifana France, Britain, Italy neJalimane. Eshumini leminyaka elidlule, umholi walona quartet kwaba eJalimane, ogama umnotho ngokushesha asathuthuka. "Workshop zezwe" - United Kingdom, waqala ukuthatha izikhundla zabo. isisindo enkulu phakathi kwamanye amazwe yilezi: eNetherlands, Switzerland, Belgium, Spain naseSweden. Bona, ngokungafani "ezine eziyinhloko" gxila izimboni ngabanye.

umkhakha

Igatsha aholayo umkhakha angaphandle European - isiqoqi sama-softwe. It ebangela ingxenye yesithathu ukukhiqizwa esifundeni futhi ezimbili kwezintathu lemikhiqizo. Kuyinto imfihlo ukuthi Europe idume izimoto zayo. Okokuqala, imishini ivame ukuba nemizi emikhulu, kuhlanganise enhlokodolobha. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba umthetho, sub-indastri ngamunye ngamakhasimende endaweni ethile yezwe.

Ibe isilandelwa embonini zamakhemikhali. ngempumelelo enkulu lesi siqondiso kuyinto Germany ezahlukene. Imboni kwamakhemikhali esifundeni ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe II wagxila ikakhulu emalahleni (omnyama brown), usawoti (etafuleni kanye potassium) kanye pyrite. Ke kwabakho reorientation we hydrocarbon umkhakha. I petrochemicals ngobukhulu ise zemifula the Seine, uMfula iThames, i-Elbe, Rhine kanye Rhône. Lapha le industry zithandelana umkhiqizo kawoyela.

Igesi yemvelo namafutha ekhiqizwa eNorth Sea, ithunyelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene phezu omkhulu uhlelo isiqu iphayiphi. Negesi kusukela Algeria uthuthwa emathangini avuzayo methane zenethiwekhi. A indima enkulu udlalwa yi-gas Russian, okuyinto wathenga emazweni 20 aseYurophu.

Okulandelayo esikalini we umkhakha - yensimbi nensimbi. Yasungulwa lapha ngaphambi kokuqala kwe-Str. Insimbi steel umkhakha kakhulu kakhulu athuthukile eJalimane, eNgilandi, iSpain, iFrance, Czech Republic nePoland. A ingxenye enkulu futhi kuthatha aluminium nelesimbi non-ayoni. Aluminium is smelted hhayi kuphela kumazwe banezimfanelo izinqolobane enkulukazi bauxite, kodwa futhi ekukhiqizeni eziphambili kukagesi.

Imboni ihlathi bagxila ikakhulu eFinland naseSweden, nokukhanya - e eningizimu yeYurophu. Italy yilona lizwe lesibili emhlabeni womshini nezicathulo, ngemva China. Futhi Portugal kubhekwa main "wezingubo" esifundeni. Emazweni amaningi namuhla kuyagcinwa amasiko kazwelonke ukwenziwa kwezinsimbi zomculo, ifenisha, imikhiqizo ingilazi.

ezolimo

izici Jikelele kwemnotfo Europe yaphazanyiswa angaphandle ephakeme manje ukukhuluma ngokuningiliziwe. Iningi imikhiqizo ngokwabo imisebenzi yezolimo esifundeni ahlinzeke ngokugcwele futhi ngenkuthalo ukuzidayisa phesheya. Ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili, esifundeni uye wathuthela kusukela komncane Ukulima ukuze ayisipesheli ephezulu value. Amagatsha main - kwezitshalo nemfuyo, basakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu futhi eduze okwakuthandelene nomunye. izimo zemvelo kanye zomlando ziye zabangela kumiswa zalezi zinhlobo kwezolimo: Nordic, i-Central European naseNingizimu-European.

ezolimo Nordic kuvamile Finland, eScandinavia, nase UK. Waziwa olunzulu avalele ukulima, okuyinto serviced ngokusebenzisa grey kwezitshalo isinkwa nefolishi izitshalo. Ngo uhlobo Central European ngendima eziyisisekelo eyadlalwa inyama nezinkomo yobisi kanye nezinkukhu.

Wik uhlobo European predominance semvelo sawo nokukhiqiza izitshalo. Izitshalo ngokuyinhloko aqondiswe ohlangeni okusanhlamvu, kodwa lunye ngamazwe eziseningizimu yeYurophu ubhekwa ukukhiqizwa kwe amagilebhisi, iminqumo, ezisawolintshi, ugwayi, amantongomane efironosov. The main "ingadi" yeYurophu - ogwini Mediterranean. Ngokuvamile, isimo ngasinye has lunye ayo wezolimo. Ngokwesibonelo, eHolland idume ukutshala izimbali, France ne-Switzerland - ukukhiqizwa kwe ushizi, nokunye.

ezokuvakasha

izici Jikelele Europe angaphandle ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ezokuvakasha. IYurophu yayingeke, nokuthi kuyoba isici esiyinhloko kwezokuvakasha kwabamazwe ngamazwe. Lapha lubonakaliswa kuzo zonke izindawo. Ethandwa kakhulu kukhona France, e-Italy, eSpain, e-UK kanye namanye amazwe amakhulu. Futhi emazweni ezincane ezifana Andorra, Monaco nabanye, kwezokuvakasha valyutoobrazuyuschey umkhakha. Izinhlobo ezinkulu ezokuvakasha eYurophu angaphandle - entabeni futhi ulwandle.

zokuthutha

Namuhla, senza ukunikeza kwebalingisi jikelele Europe angaphandle, futhi akunakwenzeka ngaphandle nekambiso yeenthuthi. Europe zingaphansi ibanga ezokuthutha Melika neRussia, kodwa ungumholi emhlabeni sokuphepha inethiwekhi ezokuthutha. I kwabantu ka-traffic iphezulu kakhulu. A indima enkulu ukuthuthwa abagibeli nempahla ngu ngemgwaco kudlala. Inethiwekhi ojantshi uthi iningi ukukhuthalele encishisiwe.

zokuthutha Land inethiwekhi has a ukumisa eziyinkimbinkimbi. ifomu umgwaqo ovulekile wayo meridional futhi izinkomba latitudinal, okuyinto has a isamba enkulu ukubaluleka ngamazwe. Nemifula futhi bagxile lezi zindawo. A indima ekhethekile udlalwa ngu emfuleni Rhine. On ke ngonyaka ukuthutha amathani angaphezu kwayikhulu kwezigidi ezimbili wezimpahla. Ezindaweni lapho umhlaba futhi nemifula aphambana iyiphi indawo yokuwela eyaphenduka ekugcineni ku real portovopromyshlennye izakhiwo. Ngokwesibonelo, ethekwini Rotterdam ngonyaka imikhumbi yizigidi ezingu-350 amathani.

ENtshonalanga Yurophu uyisibonelo kanjani omkhulu izithiyo zemvelo Akasekho yisithiyo nohlelo lwezokuthutha. Rail kanti umgwaqo izindlela, kanye namapayipi ukuwela Alps on zonke izindawo ezidingekayo. Ogwini aseBaltic, ngamazwe aseMedithera nase-North Sea izikebhe eboshiwe.

izici Jikelele Europe angaphandle: isayensi kanye nemali

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani namuhla kukhona techno eziningi, ezenza kube omunye izikhungo emhlabeni yesayensi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo zitholakala eduze Munich Cambridge. Futhi bakha "zobuchwepheshe umgwaqo" engxenyeni eseningizimu yeFrance.

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani kukhona share sengonyama lamabhange esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. yasebhange Standard kwaba Switzerland. Esikhathini vaults amabhange wawo wawulokhu mayelana 50% of the izibambiso ezivela emhlabeni wonke.

Ukuvikelwa kwemvelo

izici Jikelele Europe angaphandle ebonisa ukuthi insimu yayo lo resonance kuyisivikelo bemvelo. Ngenxa okusezingeni eliphezulu ukwanda kwabantu kanye nokuthuthukisa esebenzayo ye umkhakha eYurophu sekuyisikhathi eside sibhekene eziningi izinkinga zemvelo. Ezinye zazo abahlangene isizinda kanye ukucutshungulwa amalahle. Abanye - inala Petrochemical steel izitshalo emadolobheni amakhulu. Abanye - ne ezandayo izimoto emigwaqweni. Okwesine - ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha, okuholela nokwehliswa kwesithunzi nemvelo. Njalo njalo.

Wonke amazwe esifundeni bebelokhu inqubomgomo esebenzayo kwemvelo. Ngenxa ukuthatha izinyathelo ezinqala more: ukukhuthazwa amabhayisekili amabili futhi izimoto kagesi, esebenzayo kabusha izimila nokunye.

isiphetho

Namuhla, isihloko ingxoxo yethu kwaba isici jikelele Europe angaphandle. 11 ekilasini - isikhathi lapho isikole uwela emahlombe umthwalo omkhulu, ngakho izinto eziningi eliyisisekelo bona babenakwa. Sikhumbula konke kungenzeka ukhohlwe, bafunda into entsha ku "Izimpawu Jikelele Europe bezinye izizwe." Isethulo (Grade 11) ngosizo lesi sihloko kuyoba yinto elula yimuphi umfundi.