Yini izakhi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngegama ososayensi?

Omunye enkulu chemical ukutholakala kwaba ngokungangabazeki uhlelo gqwa futhi umthetho. Lokho kuyoba lula laziwa izakhi isikhathi, nomthofu zonke ulwazi ekhona futhi ukuqonda amaphethini ushintsho sezindawo asathuthuka.

Lapho-ke sidalwe Mendeleev, kwakwaziwa ezinhlobo 63 zama-athomu. Namuhla kukhona kakade 118, futhi ngalunye ngokwethukela kunendima yako, enezinto eziningi izakhiwo kanye nezici. Yiqiniso, igama lakho. Abaningi izakhi zamakhemikhali yaqanjwa ososayensi, amazwe, amadolobha, amaplanethi, nokunye, abaluleke kakhulu ekuphileni kwezinceku eziphilayo.

Ukwakheka Periodic

Kukhona ezahlukene lezi amatafula:

• Long-isikhathi;
• esifushane sikhathi;
• ende.

Sekukonke, kukhona abantu abangaphezu kwekhulu ezahlukeneyo ezahlukene ukubonisa sokuqhafaza ukwencika gqwa-atom amancanyana. Futhi kuze kube manje, ososayensi ukuphakamisa ngezindlela ezintsha.

Ngokuvamile ukusetshenziselwa lokhu eside isikhathi futhi short-inkathi etafuleni. kuyizinhlayiyana Inkonde ngayinye ifakwe umshini cell chemical, eveza ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana nakho. Ngakho, ungabona emfushane ukucushwa electronic we udonga lwangaphandle athomu, inombolo ye-serial, atomic weight (value isilinganiso phakathi zonke izinhlobo isotopes) futhi-ke, igama. Ezweni lethu - ngesiRashiya, kwesinye - ngolimi lwabo. Njengoba kwakhiwa it is futhi yini enquma igama elithile-athomu?

Kunezici eziningi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngegama ososayensi, futhi abanye - yokudumisa emadolobheni kanye namazwe, ezindawo, abanye ngaphezulu - yokudumisa wasenganekwaneni namaqhawe, onkulunkulu, isibhakabhaka izinto. Ziningi amagama okuyinto akha into elula noma umbala, okunikeza unesimo spectrometric ukuhlaziywa.

Properties of izakhi zamakhemikhali

Very interesting Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi wonke amaseli etafuleni aqukethe ulwazi akukhona nje ukuthi usebenzise iyunithi ethile kwesakhiwo, kodwa futhi ezindaweni zayo. Kubuka isikhundla ohlelweni gqwa kungenziwa ngokuthi ngezinga elithile namachibi ukubikezela Izakhiwo futhi amakhemikhali, ukunquma umsebenzi kanye nohlobo zezakhi.

Sekukonke kukhona izakhiwo eziningana nobuntu athomu alula yabo futhi izinto eziyinkimbinkimbi:

• namachibi;
• sokubuyiselwa;
• acid;
• eziyisisekelo;
• amphoteric;
• insimbi;
• non-metallic.

ngu nje indlela lapho ingqamuzana nezinhlayiya, kungashiwo ihlukaniswa ngokweminyaka zonke izakhiwo ngenhla. Nokho, akubona kuphela kubalulekile futhi ezithakazelisayo. engavamile kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi igama element, futhi ukhuluma ngani izakhiwo, kanye mayelana noxhumo yakhe, futhi owathola.

amagama Ezemfundo

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izakhi eziningi zamakhemikhali yaqanjwa ososayensi kanye amazwe, amadolobha namaplanethi, njll, kubaluleke kakhulu izinto eziphilayo njengengxenye umzimba wabo. Lokhu kusebenza futhi abantu.

Ngokwesibonelo, i-carbon ne-hydrogen. Igama ngokwalo lithi "sizala amalahle" futhi "obeletha amanzi", ngokulandelana. Futhi yeka umzimba ngaphandle lezi zakhiwo? Ayikho ephilayo, ngoba carbon - ngesisekelo organic compounds, ngakho amaprotheni, nucleic acid, ama-carbohydrate kanye neminye ebalulekile izinto.

Lokho ukuphila akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwamanzi, is zonke lokuqala ibanga ezaziwayo. Properties of izakhi zamakhemikhali nazo ngokuvamile kuyabonakala isihloko. Ngokwesibonelo, umoya - "gendereth acid." Ngakho, isici kuyodingeka izakhiwo oxidizing.

Noma nitrogen - "ezingaphili" ngesiLatini. Kungani? Lokhu igesi ayisekeli eziphilayo emhlabeni, nomkhathi wawo nezidalwa zisengozini nokubhujiswa. Futhi izibonelo ezinjalo kungabangela eziningi 118.

Elements yaqanjwa ososayensi

Yini izakhi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngegama ososayensi? Labo ukuthi ufuna ukunikeza yakhe noma omunye ngemva owathola yabo. Phela, uyena onelungelo lokusho ukuba babanike lelo gama. Pleasant kungumsebenzi ngokwanele.

izakhi Formula chemical akhiwa amagama abo Latin, futhi amagama ngokwabo - ku ukuzimisela kwabantu-ososayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, abantu abaningi bafuna immortalize amagama bamakhemikhali omkhulu Russian angaphandle amagama ama-athomu. Futhi baphumelela. Cabangela izibonelo eziyisisekelo futhi lokho kubonisani izakhi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngegama ososayensi.

1. Samarium - Sm. Samarsita lisuselwa amaminerali. Ukuvezwa ngokwayo - yokudumisa Russian indoda elikhulu lempi, uColonel Samara. umnikelo wayemkhulu kangakanani lo muntu uye wenza ekuthuthukiseni icala lowo muntu elithola sika, njengoba kwakunguye umhloli kwezimayini imigodi.
2. Gadolinium - nguNkulunkulu. It lethiwa kusukela Finnish wemithi uJohan gadolinium, okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa isici yttrium wavulwa.
3. Einstein - Es, has isiqu efanayo neminye amafomula of izakhi zamakhemikhali kusukela isipelingi lesiLatini omkhulu Alberta Eynshteyna igama.
4. Fermium - Fm. Waqanjwa yokudumisa omkhulu usosayensi, umsunguli enuzi kanye neutron physics Enrico Fermi. Umuntu oqokiwe for uMklomelo KaNobel ngenxa yocwaningo ezingapheli kanye impumelelo.
5. Mendelevium - Md. Lo msuka yaqhubekisela phambili kakade owaziwa emhlabeni wonke igama Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev.
6. Nobel - Cha Unikezwa igama Alfred Nobel, umthaki wemithi Swedish, umsunguli owathola dynamite. Nguye ngubani emkhakheni izimpumelelo isayensi, umlobi uMklomelo KaNobel. Umcebo wabo washiyela ekukhokhweni usosayensi abanamakhono.
7. Lwemvelo - LR. Ingabe intela Ernest Lawrence, omunye Abadali ngebhomu le-athomu, usosayensi brilliant owenze umnikelo omkhulu ekuthuthukiseni i-physics, zenuzi ikakhulukazi esigabeni sakhe.
8. Kurchatov - Ku. Ogama lakhe behlonipha Igorya Vasilevicha Kurchatova, usosayensi brilliant Soviet, umsunguli ibhomu yethu Russian athomu.
9. Nielsbohrium - Ns. Ngenxa Niels Bohr, omunye wabasunguli be-quantum Mechanics kanye physics zanamuhla.

Kucishe zonke izakhi zamakhemikhali iqanjwe ososayensi. Uhlu akubandakanyi kuphela ngesinye sezinqumo, okuyinto sichaziwe ngezansi.

Abesifazane ososayensi kanye ne-chemistry

Kukhona izakhi zamakhemikhali yaqanjwa ososayensi besifazane. Kodwa nakuba lokhu Ngeshwa eyodwa kuphela. Futhi abesifazane bamakhemikhali alunywe. It ngesinye isibukezo - Km. Wawuqamba ngokuthi behlonipha Marii Kyuri-Sklodowska University, okuyinto yena nomyeni wakhe Pierre oyisazi wenza kokutholakala ngemisebe omningi eyenziwa ngesisekelo salokhu. Lo mbhangqwana ahlonishwe ngemphumela uMklomelo KaNobel.

1. Ukutholakala kwe-polonium element - Po.
2. Ukutholakala nokutadisha umphumela piezoelectric.
3. Ukutholakala kwe-Radium isici - Ra.

Ngakho, siye sacabangela lonke uhlu, lapho izakhi zamakhemikhali ezibizwa ngegama ososayensi. Nakuba zikhona 10 kuphela-118 ezaziwayo, kodwa isikhathi akemi namanje. Ososayensi baqhuba isotopes ucwaningo okuqhubekayo, ukusabela yenuzi kwenziwe futhi kuhlelwe umqondo compounds entsha futhi izakhi. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi lolu hlu uye agcwaliswa anamagama okukhulu.

Amagama amazwe imizi izakhi

Ngaphezu kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi izakhi zamakhemikhali behlonipha ososayensi, kukhona eziningi ongakhetha ukwakhelwa yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, abaningi immortalized idolobha noma izwe.

1. Magnesium - MG. Ogwini lwase-Aegean bebuka lingumuzi Magnesia. Nguye owaba ugqozi igama isici.
2. Scandium - Sc. Immortalized eScandinavia, lokubonakala kokubili Latin negama Russian.
3. Copper - Cu. Latin uphinyiswa njengoba cuprum, kungakho incazelo igama: behlonipha esiqhingini saseKhupro.
4. Gallium - Ga. Yokudumisa ezweni laseFrance, kanye negama "gallium" sayo sesiLatini.
5. Germanium - Gen. Ngokusobala, ukuthi yaqanjwa ezweni eJalimane.
6. Sesithombe - Sr. Akukona nje kuphela emaphandleni nasemadolobheni, kodwa emzaneni unikelwa nelungelo lokuphakelwa immortalized igama element kwamakhemikhali. Yaqanjwa emzaneni eScotland Stronshian.
7. Yttrium - emva emzaneni Ytterby eSweden.
8. Ruthenium - Ru. Russia - uphawu element.
9. Europium - Eu. Yokudumisa lonke elaseYurophu.
10. Lu - Lu. Igama lesiLatini elisho "lutetium" - lena Paris, ngakho behlonipha leli dolobha elihle futhi okuthiwa element.
11. Hf - hf. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Copenhagen, okuyinto Lubhalwe ngesiLatini, futhi kuzwakala "hafniya".
12. Polonium - Po. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Poland.
13. Americium - Am. Yokudumisa aseMelika.
14. Californium - cf. Yokudumisa American wombuso wase-California.
15. Frances - FR Yokudumisa izwe French.

Ngakho, izakhi 15 akhazimulise amagama abo elondolozwe ku inkumbulo kanye nemizi emikhulu nemihle amazwe Earth wethu.

Amagama amaplanethi ku izakhi

Isikhala iye yashukumisa njalo ezingqondweni nasezinhliziyweni elenza bacabange ngayo begodu ngizibuze ukuthi kuyini. Yena udumo izakhiwo eziningi imilingo. Igama lakhe baba izinto ngoba amakhemikhali ekhona. Izibonelo la ma-athomu;

• neptunium;
• plutonium;
• uranium;
• tellurium;
• selenium;
• helium.

Ngakho, kubonakala amagama ilanga, inyanga, Earth kwamanye amaplanethi.

Mythology amagama

Baningi izakhi zibizwa wasenganekwaneni namaqhawe, onkulunkulu, nezidalwa. Izibonelo zibandakanya:

• titanium (yokudumisa Titans-izingane);
• ayibe futhi nickel (emva imimoya emibi);
• vanadium (dess Vanadis);
• niobium (inkosazana niobium);
• inkinobho yegundane esebenza njalo (behlonipha Prometheus);
• tantalum (wasenganekwaneni yinkosi Tantalum);
• cindezela (unkulunkulu Thor).

izindaba wasenganekwaneni legends njalo sadlulela phambili ngamazwi omlomo. Manje abaningi kubo ngeke ngikukhohlwe, njengoba amaqhawe abo kubonakala amagama adi-.

Amagama umbala Palette

Futhi, la ma-athomu abashiwo by umbala bohlu ebonakalayo nge spectrometric nokuhlaziya chromatographic sokuqanjwa lomcebo yayo elula. Ngokwesibonelo, i-phosphorus owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi ngekhono layo "bafake ukukhanya", ukuthi zikhanyiswe ukukhanya okumhlophe. futhi abanye:

• sulphur - "yellow";
• chloro - "green";
• rubidium - "obomvu amnyama";
• Indium - "Indigo", elikhanyayo esiluhlaza enhle;
• ithini - "amhlophe";
• antimony - "black" izinwele wemvelo;
• Iodine - "purple";
• Cesium - "ubumpunga blue";
• praseodymium - "iwele oluhlaza";
• Thallium - "umugqa oluhlaza, ukubaleka";
• Igolide - "kukhanye".

Kusobala ukuthi kuyiatom has umlando walo azalelwa igama, kodwa ukuthi bonke bangabafundi ezithakazelisayo, enhle, zibonisa ngokuyisisekelo athomu noma owathola yayo.