Chamberlain - sesimweni enkantolo

Chamberlain - yigama ehhovisi enkantolo. Igama kuyinto kwemali kusukela German. Yayiyini imisebenzi yomuntu, ababenolwazi esicongweni? Yiziphi nemikhiqizo waleligama ngolimi yesimanje Russian?

courtier

Chamberlain - a kwemali. Enguqulweni Russian of izwi Kammerherr kusho "Igumbi master" noma "Igumbi nkosi." Ngakho-ke, umuntu onesitifiketi ukuthi isikhundla Ephakathi (okungukuthi, ezinsukwini engacacile amnyama kwafika isikhundla enkantolo), ukubukela i-oda egumbini. Kodwa uma kuwukuthi ukuhumusha gama. Eqinisweni, uhla yemfanelo yaleli olusemthethweni kwaba ngobubanzi okuningi.

Chamberlain - yilona olusemthethweni baphathiswe imisebenzi wokusindisa imali. Ovamile bayifeze Yiqiniso, ngehluleka. indoda Ithatha Lokudabuka zasebukhosini. Kuyinto eside multivalued "Chamberlain". Okwakushiwo ngamunye isimo medieval kwadingeka umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama yayo, ngoba njengoba sabaphathi umsebenzi ezweni ngalinye kwaba izici ezahlukene othize.

United Kingdom

Ngemva kokufa Elizabeth yesihlalo sobukhosi sika-England uJames I. Dynasty ingozi yangempela. Stuart Tudor washintsha. Kwagqashuka impi enkantolo. Inkosi kwadingeka alwe for amandla, usebenzisa izindlela zombili esihle ekhohlisayo. proteges Elizabethan namanje swirled zisizungezile, ukwenza amaqhinga. Kulokhu, izikhulu zegceke banobufakazi eside. Futhi ukuze unqobe ukumelana amanxusa abameleli lwamakhosi British, inkosi esanda ihlelwe izikhungo ezintsha kwamandla. Omunye wabo kwakungu-the Emakamelweni Royal. Lilonke nje isikhundla esisha kwaba nguye wabizwa ngokuthi "Chamberlain". Kuyini lokhu? Zazinjani zezici zalo?

Sezinduna akazange ukuxazulula izimpikiswano ezibalulekile zendawo kazwelonke. Okungenani eminyakeni yokuqala yalokho okuthunyelwe. Laba bantu babe weNkosi. Babefanele ukufinyelela inxuluma bobukhosi, lapho ukungena ngaphandle kwemvume bahluleka ngisho amalungu oMkhandlu State. Ekuqaleni wokubusa uJames I sezinduna kwaba ayisishiyagalolunye. Ekupheleni wokubusa kwakhe - futhi abayishumi nambili.

eJalimane

Njengoba iye wathi, "Chamberlain" - igama German. Kodwa wadala lokhu okuthunyelwe wayengekho eJalimane. Iqiniso lokuthi isampuli esithathwayo phezu inhlangano isimo nezinye isimo ephakathi. Umqondo "yabathenwa" yavela lapho ababusi isiJalimane, zazo kwakukhona omningi, kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi kokuthunyelwe. Futhi ngolimi izwi Schiller aba yingxenye yayo enkantolo Russian.

Ngezinye Peter mina

Omkhulu Wezinguquko walithanda konke European. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkosi eziphoqelelwe ngenkinga yakhe eseduze. Kwakuphakathi engu-uPetru isiRashiya, uquqaba lwezingelosi Germanism. Ukusetshenziswa iningi labo kwakudingeka ngempela. Phela, ngekhulu weshumi nesishiyagalombili eRussia ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni ubunjiniyela kanye shipbuilding. Kodwa uPetru akafunanga nje ngcono isayensi, kodwa futhi ukuhlela sabaphathi courtly imodeli European. Futhi-ke wakhuthaza izikhulu ukuba zifunde isiJalimane. Esikhathini isichazamazwi Russian, amagama amasha. Phakathi kwabo - izihloko, elalikade wayengekho enkantolo.

Kamergerstvo kwakungelona buyinto uhlobo olusha obelungekho. izwi angaphandle Evumelanayo esiye sathatha indawo wakudala Russian. Chamberlain sabizwa ngokuthi Abangena Indlu Ngendlu ngokhiye. Ngaphansi u-Alexander I, iposi uyekwa. Kodwa hhayi ngokuphelele. sezinduna eziningana ahlale. Kodwa indima badlala egcekeni ongokomfanekiso kuphela.

Lapho uCatherine II

Empress ngenxa imvelaphi yabo aphathwe ngenhlonipho enkulu kulo lonke Europe. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi sezinduna eneminyaka engu-wakhe kwaba impela eningi. Kulokhu, imisebenzi womuntu, nowayengumengameli, Zazinzima kakhulu. Isikhulu abathola isihloko ezihloniphekile, manje ugijima inxuluma yasebukhosini. Nokho, lo mbono ayenakho eziningi abantu esigodlweni. Kuyini kwabanye?

Mela inkathi umphakathi enkantolo Catherine. Chamberlain ayinakho timphawu letehlukene. Akenzi gqoka izembatho akhethekile neze ihluke ezinye izelamani enkantolo. Kulokhu, kanjani ukuqonda ukuthi iyini le yabathenwa? elula kakhulu. Nguye lo muntu ogqoka iNdlovukazi iluphu. Lapho umuntu samakhosi sobukhosi, wayemi ngemuva kwakhe, ngezikhathi ezithile akunika amanzi nokwenza ezinye izifiso ezincane. Naphezu nobuncane bayo, Chamberlain - umuntu ophethe ukhiye. Kodwa hhayi elula, negolide, amadayimane. Abantu abahlangene kuleli isikhundla phakathi nokubusa Catherine kwaba impela eningi.

Amagama ethathwe nomqondo

Umsuka igama - "yabathenwa". Namuhla-ke waphuma ukusetshenziswa. Chamberlain ngokuthi kakhulu ukhiye ngegolide elihlanzekile, okuyinto has kuphela kuwumfuziselo.

Namuhla-ke kuyinto isiphawulo kungatholakala kuphela isihloko kwesinye isitaladi endala eMoscow. Esimeni alley eyehlayo Mezhuyev Tverskaya futhi Bolshaya Dmitrovka izikhulu bake baphila. Kungakho igama - Chamberlain Lane.