Echaza izilimi zomhlaba, izazi zolimi, izazi zesayensi zisebenzisa izimiso ezahlukene ngezigaba. Izilimi ehlangana ngemacembu indawo (indawo) Isimiso, eduze kwe-kolimi, ngesisekelo ukuhlobana ngokolimi, ukusetshenziswa ophilayo enkulumweni yansuku zonke.
Ukusebenzisa umbandela yokugcina, abacwaningi ihlukaniswe zonke izilimi zomhlaba, kwaba ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu - eziphilayo nezilimi efile. Izici eziyinhloko ngowokuqala - uwasebenzise kwansuku ingxoxo, kusebentisa lulwimi, umphakathi elikhulu labantu (isizwe). ulimi Ukuphila njalo esisetshenziswe ekuxhumaneni kwansuku, izinguquko, kuyinkimbinkimbi noma lula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Izinguquko ephawuleka kakhulu ukwenzeka isichazamazwi (silulumagama) Ulimi: ingxenye izwi ongasasebenzi, ezidinga umbala zakudala, nekuphikisana, ukuqoka imiqondo emisha ivela bayanda amagama amasha (neologisms). Okunye uhlelo ulimi (morphological, ifonotiki, syntactic) kukhona inert ngaphezulu, shintsha kakhulu kancane futhi unobtrusively.
ulimi Dead, njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukuphila, alisetshenziswa kwansuku kusebentisa lulwimi. Zonke izinhlelo ke azizange zishintshe, ezigcinwe, izakhi ezingaguquki. ulimi Dead, owawusekelwe ezihlukahlukene mibhalo.
Zonke izilimi efile zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili main: kuqala, labo Zicabanga ukuthi esikhathini esithile esidlule, ayesetshenziselwa zokuxhumana bukhoma bese, ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ayekile lisetshenziswe ukuxhumana ongumuntu ophilayo (igama lesiLatin, ngesiGreki, Coptic, Old Norse, Gothic). Iqembu izilimi efile yesibili zihlanganisa lezo akekho ezake watshelwa; Bakhandwa badalelwa ukuba enze noma iyiphi imisebenzi (ngakho, isibonelo, kwakunengozi isiSlavonic Esidala ulimi - ulimi imibhalo yesonto Christian). ulimi Dead avame uguqulwe ube ephilayo, ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa (isibonelo, ngesiGreki akuniké indlela amaBhayibheli ezilimini zanamuhla futhi ezilimini Greece).
Latin linendawo ekhethekile phakathi ukuphumula. Ngokungangabazeki, Latin - ulimi efile: emikhubeni ephapheme okuxoxa ke ungadli emhlabeni lesithupha AD leminyaka. Kodwa, ngakolunye uhlangothi, Latin wathola isicelo yasakazwa abasemkhakheni wemithi, wezokwelapha, amagama esayensi, zokukhulekela kwamaKatolika (Latin - the "isimo" ulimi olusemthethweni Holy See kanye Vatican City State). Njengoba ubona, "ufile" Latin kabanzi emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yokuphila isayensi, ulwazi. Zonke amanyuvesi sina philological ngempela zihlanganisa Latin kukharikhulamu, Ngakho, ukugcinwa isiko classical imfundo ovulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulimi efile - umthombo aphorisms emfushane futhi olunzulu eziye badabula ubudala: uma ufuna ukuthula - nivive; Memento Mori; Nyanga, zelaphe wena - wonke la mazwi esithi "ukuzalwa" kusukela Latin. Latin - ulimi okunengqondo kakhulu futhi eyakhiwe kahle, ukhonkolo, akukho-umbhedo kanye husk ngamazwi; it is hhayi kuphela isetshenziselwe izinjongo utilitarian (ngokubhala nemiyalelo, ukwakheka nethesarasi yesayensi), kodwa ngandlela-thile model, ulimi standard.