Konke mayelana emabito plural: icala etshekile, ukufa ngokuqondile, affixes kancane ezaziwayo

Inchazelo lokuqala yesayensi icala (ngokuvumelana V A. Uspenskogo) wanikeza sezibalo ngegama Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich. Wayekholelwa ukuthi lokhu kudinga ukuzibandakanya amathuluzi esisemthethweni, syntactic, kodwa semantic hhayi kuphela. Inchazelo yesimanje simi ngale ndlela: Uma kwenzeka - isigaba amazwi okubonisa yayo indima syntactic emshweni futhi usiza isixhumanisi amazwi ngabanye e yisikhungo esisodwa.

Igama elithi "icala", njengoba amagama izimo, lahunyushelwa olimini lwesiLatini futhi ngesiGreki.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko of amacala: nokufa nenkhulumombiko nokufa. Ukuze icala ngqo zihlanganisa nominative kanye umenziwa wesenzo kanye ngokungaqondile - ezinye izinhlobo ezine (genitive, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi, wezinsimbi, prepositional).

Amagama athi "oqondile" futhi ukufa "engaqondile" yavela ngolimi wethu esihambisana naye mayelana imibono asendulo mayelana ukwehla njengoba ukuphambuka kusuka kuphela elungile uhlobo izwi. Isifaniso sasiqhutshelwa amadayisi, lapho kuwa noma lelicondzile (nokufa ngqo), noma uhlangothi engaqondile (icala etshekile) nganoma yisiphi roll.

Case uhlelo eRussia imelelwa amacala ayisithupha. Ngamunye wabo linamagama asizayo, siyivumele ukuba ukubone ngokuthe ngqo.

1). Nominative - izwi nominative okuhlangana ngayo izwi asizayo "kuyinto."

2). Genitive - izwi asizayo "akekho."

3). Umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi - izwi asizayo "ukunikeza."

4). Umenziwa wesenzo - igama asizayo "ukusola".

5). Instrumental - asizayo elithi "uyajabula" ( "wadala").

6). Prepositional - izwi asizayo "ukucabanga (mayelana)."

Futhi ukuze kube lula, izincazelo zabo unemibuzo kuleli cala. icala ngqo babe umbuzo ofanayo ezimbili: izimpendulo nominative imibuzo, "Ubani? Yini "Futhi umenziwa wesenzo -"? Ngubani? Yini? ". Imibuzo engaqondile okuhlasela ezahlukene. Genitive Liphendula imibuzo, "Ubani? Yini "umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi -" Ubani? Yini ", wezinsimbi -" Yini? I "prepositional -" ngobani? Mayelana nani? "(" Ubani? Yini? ").

Ngo isiRashiya amacala kuzohluka futhi bathambekele kahle emabito, tiphawulo, tabito, netinombolo. Ukuphela amazwi - lutho kodwa indlela yokubonisa nokwehla.

Nenkhulumombiko nokufa nokufa akukuphela izinhlobo izimo, njengoba abaningi isimangalo. Kukhona affixes ezengeziwe:

1). Yokubiza - ke kwakunjalo lwesikhombisa isiRashiya kuze 1918 futhi lisetshenziswa lapho kubhekiselwa kumuntu. Izibonelo icala yokubiza - Katyas, An, Tan, umkhulu, docha. Manje yokubiza ngezinga elithile ubuyisela umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi.

2). Quantitatively-uhlukanisa nokufa - esetshenziselwa zebizo, okubonisa inenombolo mayelana izingxenye ezithile, kuyilapho naye okukhulunywe ngaye. Kuhlelo esikoleni, izinhlobo amagama ambalwa kanye lokufa ukuhlukaniswa kulinganiswa nge genitive.

3). icala Locative - icala prepositional, ngokuhlanganiswa indawo. Uyaphendula imibuzo "Yini? Kuphi? ". Izibonelo: ukhulume etafuleni, ukuba itafula.

4). Ablative - icala nge ibizo, okubonisa indawo ekuqaleni ukunyakaza. Isibonelo: mina waphuma ehlathini.

Ngaphandle kwalezi zinhlupho, ume ezimbalwa: ukubala, zhdatelny yesikhashana, kukonke, nabanye. Inani eliqondile amacala ayikaziwa.

Kukhona inkinga ka belinganisa esimweni libito okukhulunywa, uma umenziwa wesenzo, prepositional noma yokubiza.

amazwe ezehlukene zinezidingo icala labo izinhlelo, ngezinye izikhathi kukhona enifana ngakho Russian morphological, sitayela ezinye izizathu. affixes Phesheya asetshenziswa ezifana kwendawo, ukulawula abanye, umthombo, yomhlahlandlela, lishitelny kanye umenziwa wesenzo, ablative, umenziwa ongaqondene ngqo nomlandi nezinye.

Ezilimini lapho azikho zinhlupho, ngezinye izindlela ukukhombisa indima wemagama emshweni (ukusetshenziswa tandziso kanye postpositions, ngendlela ethile yamagama embhalweni).

Ingabe ngidinga ukwazi affixes? Yiqiniso, udinga, ngoba yingakho lebayifundzako, ngisho lwezifundo zesikole!