Dynamic Ukukhetha - microevolution kwemiphakathi eziphilayo

Ukukhetha Natural uhlale isici main ekuguquleni izinto eziphilayo. Uthatha isinyathelo by mshini efanayo - ukusinda nokugcina inzalo eziqine, okungukuthi, Ezinamandla. Nokho, kuye ngokuthi ukusebenza yayo, isiqondiso, ikakhulukazi imibandela khona izinto eziphilayo - ifomu kwemvelo ingase ibe khona ehlukile. Ngakho, enye yezindlela salo ukukhethwa ashukumisayo (ohlangothini), okuyinto impendulo yezinguquko imvelo kanti kwenza nokuthi umuntu shift kwesici anonya noma impahla. Ukuze nezici ambalwa inani eliyisilinganiso yiyona izibalo kusho inani, isibonelo - isibalo yenzalo kukhiqizwa. Incazelo sezindawo qualitative kunqunywa imvamisa (iphesenti) ka zezinhlobo nge isici ezidingekayo, isibonelo - imvamisa futhi hornless izinkomo enezimpondo.

Ukuhlaziywa kwalezi izakhiwo likhomba izinguquko eziye kwavela labantu ngenxa lithathelwe ezishintshashintshayo zendawo eziphila kuyo. Kulesi Ukukhetha ashukumisayo anganikela kokubili ukuqinisa kuphinde kwehlise izinga izakhiwo ekushintsheni umzimba. Isibonelo isici inzuzo kungenzeka lo okuthiwa melanism ezimbonini. Buka butterfly inundu enenhlamba ezindaweni ze-non-zezimboni uye ukukhanya ezinemibala izikali ukumboza umzimba kanye amaphiko, bese ezindaweni inqwaba izimboni umbala wabo uphendulela abamnyama. Ukuvela amabhu engajwayelekile ukuba zingenele ngenxa yokuthi amagesi zezimboni eziyingozi eziye zaholela ekufeni kwabantu ulele ukuthi waphila amagxolo ezihlahla kanye izimvemvane ukukhonza njengephayona indawo zokuhlala (coloration zokuzivikela). Color Changing izikali ngcono amathuba okusinda zezimvemvane. Kulokhu, it kwabangela okuthiwa nenqubo yokukhetha - wokulondolozwa nokuthuthukiswa kohlobo olusha lokuphila zezimvemvane ukuthi kwesimo bayakwazi ukuqhubeka uhlanga, okungukuthi, abelethe.

Isibonelo isici attenuation ukushonelwa noma ukunciphisa umzimba futhi izingxenye yayo Ngenxa yokuthi ongathwali umthwalo ukusebenza - kwamaphiko i intshe (hhayi flying), ukungabi khona nemilenze e izinyoka.

Ukukhetha Dynamic kusekelwe yokufakelwa. Ngakho umuntu ngokukhetha umuntu ngamunye ngokwalokho imingcele ethile (phenotype), kwandisa ukuvama kwale impahla. Empirically kungase kutholakale ukuthi lokhu kukhetha ngokubonakala yabo kuholela izinguquko genotype, futhi mhlawumbe ekulahlekelweni ezinye alleles. Kukhona ezinye izinhlobo Ukukhetha yokufakelwa - lutho futhi methodical. Uma usebenzisa lakhetsiwe umuntu aquleke, njengoba intuitively ukhetha okungcono. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isampula sinjalo okuvela izinhlobo ezintsha nezinhlobonhlobo sici for endaweni ethile. Isimiso methodological elisetshenziswa Ukukhetha yini ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha zezitshalo nezilwane ezovumelana nezimo ezithile likhula futhi yokuhlala (abandayo nemithi zinhlobo ratseny).

Ngakho, ukukhethwa ashukumisayo - kuwuhlobo ukuzihlela nokuzivumelanisa kwemvelo, umphumela okuyinto ukubukeka kohlobo olusha lokuphila ingashintshwa eziphilayo lapho iyakwazi ukuphila futhi siqhubeke umkhaya wabo imvelo esishintshile.