Njalo Boltzmann sika kudlala indima enkulu e Mechanics kwezibalo

Lyudvig Boltsman - umdali kwemfundiso yokuziphendukela yamangqamuzana-kinetic ka amagesi enhle. Wazalelwa 1844 eVienna. Boltzmann oyiphayona futhi iphayona isayensi. Umsebenzi wakhe nocwaningo zazivame engacabangeki aliwa umphakathi. Nokho, ne ukuqhubeka physics yemisebenzi yakhe ziye waqaphela futhi kamuva ishicilelwe.

izithakazelo Scientific usosayensi ukumboza izindawo ezinengozi enjalo ezibalulekile njengokuba physics kanye mathematics. Kusukela 1867 wasebenza njengomfundisi eziningi zezemfundo ephakeme. Ezifundweni zakhe, wathola ukuthi ingcindezi gas kubangelwa kunezinxushunxushu amabhithi molecule odongeni uyisitsha ukuthi akuphi, kanti ukushisa incike velocity we izinhlayiya (molecule), ngamanye amagama, abo energy kinetic. Ngakho-ke, ijubane okukhulu ukuhambisa izinhlayiya, ayanda izinga lokushisa. njalo Boltzmann sika yaqanjwa usosayensi odumile wase-Austria. It nguye owenza banikela ngendlela ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni physics kwezibalo.

Okwakushiwo ezingokomzimba njalo

Boltzmann njalo ichaza ubuhlobo phakathi enjalo lucobo njengoba lokushisa namandla. Ngo Mechanics kwezibalo ke kudlala indima enkulu ukhiye. Ingabe Boltzmann njalo k = ^1,3806505 (24) * 10 -23 J / K. Izinombolo abakaki ukhombise ohlangothini iphutha maqondana namagugu izibalo zakamuva. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi Boltzmann njalo kungabuye ethathwe nezinye constants ngokomzimba. Nokho, lezi izibalo ngempela eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinzima kakhulu ukuwenza asebenze. Zidinga ulwazi olujulile hhayi kuphela kwi-physics kodwa futhi wezibalo ephakeme.

Ubudlelwano obuphakathi lokushisa ngokuphelele futhi amandla

Stefan-Boltzmann njalo evumela ukuxhumanisa izici micro- futhi Macro, okungukuthi isilinganiso yamangqamuzana ezinyakazayo Isivinini lokushisa. Ifomula echaza lobu buhlobo simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: 3 / 2mv ² = KT.

Ku-gas eyohlobo e isitsha ezingeni lokushisa T ezithile, amandla ukuthi kuyadingeka ngamunye lamadigri enkululeko ilingane isilinganiso KT / 2. Ukwazi izinga lokushisa lapho amangqamuzana, futhi isisindo sazo, umuntfu angakhona kubala ijubane RMS ngaphandle nobunzima. Nokho, lokhu ifomula asifanele amagesi diatomic.

Isilinganiso Lyudviga Boltsmana (entropy - okungenzeka)

entropy thermodynamic kohlelo ingachazwa njengoba logarithm ematfuba thermodynamic. Lobu buhlobo kungenziwa ngokuthi impumelelo enkulu futhi kokutholakala physics omkhulu Austria, azenzayo ekupheleni kwenkonzo yakhe. Ngezinye ukuphila usosayensi futhi ayizange wathola ukuqashelwa emibuthanweni kwesayensi, kodwa eminyakeni emine emva kokufa kwakhe, lokhu okutholakele lalimisa ngokomthetho.

A amazwi ambalwa esiphethweni

Boltzmann njalo, akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi umnyombo physics kwezibalo futhi imfundiso yamangqamuzana-kinetic, kodwa futhi lalinethonya esithile ukuqhubeka eyeza nezazi zezinkanyezi ezikhuluma ngokomzimba. Lokhu kusebenza, isibonelo, kulesi sigaba njengoba quantum Mechanics.