Sodium silicate

Silicates (kusuka elithi Latin "silex" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "itshe") abizwa ngokuthi metasilicic usawoti H2SiO3. Ngokwesibonelo, i-sodium silicate, ogama chemical ifomula kulotshiwe kanje: Na2SiO3. Enye igama usawoti - metasilicate sodium. mass izinyo lomhlathi we ketshezi kulingana 122,06 g / Mol. Ukubukeka - zinhlayiya ezimhlophe opaque kokuba tinge ogqamile. Ubuningi ilingana 2.4 g / cm3. Uhlanzekile elinesimo Inkomba yezokubona, futhi silingana 1,52. Ukuma - plus 1088 ° C. Ingqikithi kuyinto oncibilikayo emanzini futhi zingaxazululeki utshwala. I alulaze isixazululo aqueous anezakhi esiyingqayizivele: ke kwamanzi amaqanda fresh zingagcinwa izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye emazingeni okushisa okuvamile. Sodium silicate uzinzile media hlangothi futhi ane-alikhali, kanye anion acid SiO3- ihlangana cations H + ukwakha silicic acid.

Silica (obizwa nangokuthi Silica noma anhydride silicic) iyona kwakwakhe esitebeleni kunazo okuyinto eyenzeka ngokwemvelo ngesimo asebenza ngebhethri. It ebangela 12% nenqwaba uqweqwe eMhlabeni. Silica ingcoliswe ukungcola kuyinto isihlabathi abavamile, ezakhiwe ukubhujiswa edwaleni okuyinto. Ngaphansi isenzo alikhali ku Silica chemical yokusabela: NaOH + SiO2 → Na2SiO3 + H2O. Ngenxa yalokho, i-usawoti silicic acid - sodium silicate. Hydrolysis usawoti (noqhekeko ngamanzi) lulandela uhlelo: 2Na2SiO3 + H2O → Na2SiO5 + 2NaOH , kanye sodium dvumetasilikat kwakhiwa. Nge ukwehla lokuhlushwa ikhambi, hydrolysis kwenzeka ngokujulile. Ngo 1N. isixazululo hydrolyzed 14% usawoti 0.1N. - 28% kuya ku-0,001% - 32%. Hydrolysis sodium dvumetasilikata kakade ageleza buthaka.

kwakhiwa sodium silicate is by nokuxhumana Silicon nge alikhali: Si + H2O + 2NaOH → Na2SiO3 + 2H2. ukuphendula okunjalo kungenzeka nge alkalies ababuthakathaka, futhi kalula kakhulu ngamanzi khona ngisho imali ezincane OH- anions iminonjana okwanele alikhali ekhishwe ingilazi. Kusukela metasilicate sodium kwakhiwa kuyinto usawoti ebuthaka metasilicic acid, e isixazululo alulaze ke cishe ngokuphelele hydrolyzed, lokuhlushwa OH- ion akusho wehlise ngesikhathi yokusabela, ngakho-ke ihilela yokubola amanzi silicon. Yethula kukhona iminonjana kulethe alikhali. Kusukela 0,63 kg Silicon ngale ndlela etholwe 1 M3 e-hydrogen, kuyilapho yensimbi kuzodinga cishe izikhathi ezingu-4 ngaphezulu.

Ngo umkhakha, amamaki ahlukahlukene sodium silicate, libhekene isilinganiso SiO2 futhi Na2O. It ziyahlukahluka kusuka 2: 1 kuya ku-3,75: 1. Cultivars nge isilinganiso 2.85: 1 nangaphansi ezibhekwa eziyisisekelo. Labo ephethe isilinganiso ephakeme zinezikhathi ngokuthi "ithatha uhlangothi." Sodium silicate uhlobo izixazululo aqueous bagxila kukhona ingilazi uketshezi noma encibilikayo. Kodwa kanye Na2SiO3 manje amanzi ingilazi nezinye silicates sodium, Nokho ngezithako zawo evamile esashiwo ifomula, okuyinto eseduze, Na2O • nSiO2, lapho n = 2 ÷ 4. Ukuqedwa kancane kancane SiO2 (ngokuvamile phakathi isitoreji isikhathi eside) kuholela lalithe ngci yinkungu noma waterglass ukuba ukuguqulwa ngezinye izikhathi mass gelatinous. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yokucwaninga kucatshangwa ezitsheni, ivalwe bavimbe iraba, njengoba cortical noma ingilazi ukuba entanyeni induku.

Sodium silicate isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni yokuwasha izimpushana. Ukukhiqizwa yaminyaka yonke ingilazi oncibilikisiwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane amathani. It isetshenziswa ukuqinisa inhlabathi phakathi ukwakhiwa (isb, ukhonkolo Ukuvikelwa screed phansi ngokumelene ukuhuzuka), kanye nezinye reagents, ezifana sodium tripolyphosphate, isicelo ezimbonini eziningi (kokubili nosawoti, isib, esetshenziselwa amanzi ukuthambisa). Impregnation Na2SiO3 imigwaqo imoto ukhonkolo kunciphisa kakhulu bafake yabo.

esikhundleni somuthi noma ezinye izinto ukuze azivikele umlilo (isib izakhiwo noma kwenkundla waseshashalazini). Ngokuvamile siwulimi isisekelo ukuqinisa refractory noma iphepha glue. Simple Ukwakheka putty efanelekayo kunenze nisondelane zobumba kanye namabhodlela. Abakwazi uzilungiselele ngokuxuba (ukuze inhlama ukungaguquguquki) wokulinganisa nge ingilazi uketshezi. Ingxube Uqinisa ngokushesha futhi uphendulela white, futhi mass okuqinile kakhulu.

Usimende, ixubene ingilazi uketshezi, siqinise lukhuni putty, esetshenziselwa kunenze nisondelane amatshe. A ingxube sodium silicate nge sawdust zisetshenziselwa bagcwalise isikhala phakathi kwezindonga double kwezinye safes. Lokhu kwenza kwabo okwengeziwe ukumelana nomlilo, futhi ukhonza njengomdala ukuvikelwa okungeziwe ngokubhekene ukuvulwa esebenzisa ithoshi acetylene ngenxa intuthu esindayo futhi kwaqala i-alamu.