Typology linemibhikisho yezesayensi nasezinzuzweni typology emphakathini kwabantu

Typology ngokuthi indlela yesayensi, lapho sihlukanisa uhlelo namaqembu into ngosizo imodeli ephelele yengxoxo (noma generalized) noma uhlobo. Ngo kwabantu, kukhona typologies eziningana emphakathini, kodwa futhi elalidume kunawo wonke neyaziwayo iyona typology umphakathi D. Bell futhi typology emphakathini A. Toffler.

Typology emphakathini kwabantu

Typology emphakathini kwabantu A. Toffler, esekelwe umbono 'amagagasi ezintathu ". Ososayensi nabacwaningi A.Tofler babekholelwa ukuthi asathuthuka, umphakathi has ezintathu ezibalulekile ingucuko lenkhulu: inguquko kwezolimo, le zezimboni nakwezobuchwepheshe. Ngakho, igagasi lokuqala kuvulwe imihambuma e kubalimi sedentary. Igagasi lesibili ishintshile uhlelo kwezenhlalo kanye lwezolimo ezimbonini. Kodwa kwakuza igagasi wesithathu ekuqaleni kwenkathi ikhompyutha, wamemezela futhi wasungula umphakathi omusha ulwazi.

Igagasi zokugcina, ngokuvumelana A. Toffler, kungaholela ushintsho okuqhubekayo of ubudlelwano nomphakathi ukuze umphakathi ukuvela sverhindustrialnogo.

Ngakho, sithembele kakhulu inkolelo yakhe, A. Toffler kudala typology elandelayo imiphakathi:

- wendabuko noma kwezolimo umphakathi,

- capitalism noma umphakathi zezimboni,

- yesimanje, noma umphakathi ulwazi.

Futhi inikeza incazelo elandelayo sorvremennomu (ulwazi) umphakathi. Yena okholwa ukuthi umphakathi wanamuhla libhekene izici ezilandelayo: ukuzimisela ukuthuthukiswa njalo futhi ushintsho, ezingeni lelisetulu ncono kwesive, rationalism, olusekelwe olwazini, ukuziphatha kwabantu kuphethwe ubudlelwane emakethe, kanye nokungabi khona kwanoma yiliphi enqabelo zokuziphatha neziqondiso nokunye okuningi.

Typology emphakathini kwabantu Daniel Bell ubona umphakathi ngokuya ukuvela ulwazi kanye nobuchwepheshe. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, Daniel Bell likhombe elandelayo izinhlobo inkampani: ukuze zezimboni, izimboni kanye post-ezimbonini.

Futhi inikeza impendulo yakhe okuthunyelwe umphakathi zezimboni. Kuze kube yimanje, izici inkampani kukhona ukunwetshwa ukuhweba phakathi uthi, "inani ukuqhuma", ie. E. Inani futhi indima kolwazi inyuka, kanye ngokusebenzisa ukuthuthukiswa lamazwe osheshayo ukuxhumana Kuhlangana, okungukuthi. E. kwavela "umphakathi wembulunga yonke."

Typology we-Scientific Revolutions

Inguquko ngokushesha uhlelo imfanelo omusha obizwa ngokuthi lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. linemibhikisho Scientific bavame ukuba eziningi ezahlukahlukene zebhizinisi. Izinkinga typology linemibhikisho ngokwesayensi ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba bona abuye ahlahlele zonke izici-ke, ukuba siqonde indima nethonya ngamunye wabo ngesayensi. Nokho, ukuhlonza nokuthola okuthile njalo luhambisana nomthwalo yokufuna ulwazi olusha nokuqonda, nakho kufanele kuthathwe ukuze bajoyine isayensi. Esinye sezibonelo zalokhu kokutholakala kwe-microscope eziphilayo noma isibonakude kuyisayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi, okwamnika ukubukeka ulwazi olusha ngaphambilini ezingafinyeleleki futhi revolution isayensi.

Scientific Revolution - .. Ingabe ngokuyinhloko ushintsho ulwazi lwesayensi empandeni, okungukuthi, ukuvela ulwazi olusha kuholela revolution ephelele kwezesayensi.

Ukunikeza 4 izinhlobo linemibhikisho yesayensi ngalezi zizathu ezilandelayo:

- ukuvela imiqondo emisha theory;

- ekuthuthukiseni izindlela ezintsha;

- ukuthuthukiswa izifundo ezintsha methodological;

- ukuhlonza izakhiwo ezintsha zocwaningo.

Kukhona typology zocwaningo kwamanye ngezizathu:

- izingxenye ucwaningo; (ukubukeka indlela entsha, ukuhlonza sezwe elisha, kanye nabanye.)

- nobubanzi Ukusabalala (revolution womhlaba wonkana kulesimo isayensi noma eziyinkimbinkimbi).

Ngakho, njengoba typology linemibhikisho yesayensi, kanye typology emphakathini kwabantu esekelwe into Ucwaningo olwenziwa yesistimu nokubuthelela ngesisekelo umfuziselo generalized.