I-Chenonceau Castle. Izikhangibavakashi e France: izinqaba zasendulo

Izinqaba zasendulo zomhlaba zibonakala zithatha izivakashi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edlule. Ngakho ufuna ukuzicabangela u-marquise omuhle noma i-viscount enesibindi, noma ngisho ne-knight enobuqhawe elungele ukuncintisana emncintiswaneni ukubukeka nokumamatheka kwenkosikazi yenhliziyo ... Igama elithi "chateau" ngesiFulentshi lisho okuningi. Lena yinqaba enkulu ye-feudal endaweni ethile ehlathini, nomuzi omuhle ozungezwe yensimu kanye nesandiso sepulazi, nesigodlo esihloniphekile nemithombo, amachibi kanye namapaki. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi iKeribus ePyrenees, iTrianon eVersailles naseRambouillet ngaseParis - konke kuyi "shato". Ngayinye yalezi zinto zenze imisebenzi yayo, futhi manje konke kuyizinto ezikhangayo ezihlukile eFrance. Abaningi babo manje basebenzela iminyuziyamu. Futhi abanye basebenzela izimpendulo ezihloniphekile zabantu bokuqala kwamanye amazwe. Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela ngendonga enhle yaseChenonceau (France). Ngomunye walaba abathathu eLouire Valley okuphoqelekile ukuvakashelwa izivakashi.

Indawo:

Izinqaba zasendulo eFrance - okungaphezu kokwanele. Isifunda ngasinye sinezici zayo ekwakheni ama-citadel okuzivikela kanye namakhosikazi azinhle. Kodwa-ke, kunezifundazwe ezimbili, lapho ubukhulu be "chateau" ngamakhilomitha angamakhilomitha angama-square kuphela. I-Île-de-France neParis namadlelo ayo kanye neLoire Valley. Lesi sigaba sokugcina sidume ngewayini layo elimnandi kanye noshizi wezimbuzi. Kodwa ngisho nangaphezulu - ngokuvala kwabo. Kungenxa yalokhu ukuthi i-UNESCO ifake iLoire Valley - kusukela eSalli kuya eCherlon - ohlwini lwayo lwamagugu emhlabeni wonke. Ukuvakasha eFrance akukwazi ukungazinaki lesi sifunda. Iningi le-shato lendawo lise-Renaissance. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kahle kwenqaba yasemadolobheni kanye nenqaba enqandekile. Izakhiwo ziyahlukahluka ngobuhle, ubuhle, kodwa zizungezwe i-moat, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izindonga ezinamandla. Lapha behlala behloniphekile namakhosi, ngakho-ke ukunethezeka (kanye nokwesaba okulungile ukuphepha kwabo) kuyaqondakala kahle.

Izikhumbuzo Zomlando zaseFrance naseLouire Valley

Kuleli zwe kunezinqaba ezingamakhulu amathathu ezifanele ukunakekelwa. Ngisho noma ezinye zazo ziyizidumbu, umlando wabo othakazelisayo ubajabulisa kakhulu. I-Chateau Cheverny ebonakala kakhulu. Uyaziwa kusukela ebuntwaneni - emva kwakho konke, nguye owaba umboniso we-Disney cartoon yama-princesses. E-Loire Valley, izindlu zaseYurophu zakhiwa ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Ngakho iBreze, eyakhiwa ngekhulu leshumi nanye njengenqaba, yayiyindawo ehlala kuyo, indawo yokuhlala, isigodlo futhi, ekugcineni, ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye indawo yokuzingela. Uhambo oluphoqelekile lwe-chateaux ye-Loire luhlanganisa ukuhambela eChambord. Kukhona umbono wokuthi ipulani yakhe yokwakha yasungulwa nguLeonardo da Vinci: i-Titan ye-Renaissance yayisenkonzweni yeNkosi uFrancis First futhi yahlala eduze kwase-Amboise. Kodwa kuyiqiniso ukuthi lo mculi wagcwalisa igama lakhe elidumile elithi "Gioconda" lapha.

Ukuboniswa kweChenonceau Castle

I-Chateau, esithandayo, idume ngokuqoqwa kwayo kwe-tapestries yasendulo, amathikithi kanye neshaya ye-antique. Lapha kwakuhlala khona abashadile nabomama bamakhosi aseFrance, kanye nezintandokazi zabo ezingenalutho. Ngakho-ke, iKhenonceau ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi "Castle of Beautiful Ladies". UDiane Poitier, uLouise Dupin noCatherine de Medici banqamule izindleko zabo ezindongeni zalezi zidalwa ezinhle zokwakha. Ezinqabeni eziningi (kufaka phakathi lezo eziseLouire Valley) zingamamyuziyamu aseFrance. Asikhohlwa ukuthi uLouvre odumile akhiwe hhayi njengegalari yobuciko, kodwa okokuqala njengenqaba ye-feudal. Ukuze ubone lokhu, kwanele ukwehla ekamelweni elingaphansi lomuzi. Ubukhulu bezindonga zeLouvre ephakathi nesikhathi esimnandi. Khona-ke kwakuyindawo yokuhlala yenkosi, ishiya iVersailles ekhazimulayo. E-Chenonceau kunamamyuziyamu - hhayi kuphela amabhuzukethi, kodwa futhi namanani we-wax. Futhi nokho kukhona igalari encane yezithombe.

I-Chenonceau Castle nabomakhelwane bayo

Château Chenonceau iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu ayisikhombisa. Kodwa, naphezu kwalesi sizukulwane esihloniphekile, kwakungakaze kube yilakhi yokwakha impela. Mayelana neNormans yasendle, owahlupha la mazwe ekupheleni kweminyaka eyizinkulungwane, ngo-1243 wayenesikhathi sokukhohlwa. Amadolobhana, efihlekile e-dais, aqala ukuhamba emigwaqeni. Ngakho-ke uChenonceau, obizwa ngabantu "Castle of the Ladies", uhlala endaweni ehle ngqo emfuleni iKer, umfundisi waseLouire. Uma unesithakazelo esikhathini se-Middle Ages, khona-ke wamukelekile ku-Château Lange eseduze - endala kulezi zindawo. Izinqaba zasendulo zomhlaba lapha akuvamile. Lona yi-Amboise, emele isibonelo esivamile sezakhiwo ze-Renaissance, okwakhiwa, okwamanje, eyakhiwa ngekhulu leshumi nanye. I-Chinon engaphansi kwesinye - enye yezindlu zasebukhosini zekhulu leshumi. Kodwa i-chateau ejwayelekile e-Loire Valley iyi-"palazzo" ehlakaniphile ngesitayela se-Italy Renaissance. Lezi yiBlois (kule ndlu yafela e-Ekaterina Medici), iVillandry, iChambord, i-Aze-le-Rideau.

Umlando wenqaba ye-feudal

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwenkangala kudala ngo-1243. Khona-ke idolobhana laseChenonceau lalingumndeni wakwaDar. Indlu encane eyakhiwe emaphethelweni okuhlala. Ngokusho kwezingodo zomakhiwo zaleso sikhathi, lalizungezwe izindonga ezinezingqimba kanye ne-moat, lapho amanzi aseCher ayeqondiswa khona. Umshini ujoyina i-shato. Ukuze ungene ngaphakathi enqabeni, kwakudingeka kudlule ibhuloho lokudweba. Phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Eyinkulungwane, umnikazi we-chateau, uJean de Marc, wenza ubuchwepheshe obungamukeleki: wavumela abaseBrithani ukuba babambe igumbi. Ngenxa yalolu bugebengu, uCharles VI wayala ukuphazamisa izikhali zokuvikela nokubhubhisa umbhoshongo we-feudal. Ukuhlaselwa ekuhlazweni (futhi ngenxa yokubhekana nobunzima bezezimali ngenxa yalokhu), i-genus de Marc yasithengisa indlu yaseChenonceau eNormandy wezimali wezintombi uThomas Boyer. Lo muntu wayengumdlali we-Renaissance. Ngakho wachitha phansi lokho iNkosi yaseFrance engenawo isikhathi sokubhubhisa, futhi ngo-1512 kwavela ukwakhiwa okukhulu. Kwaqedwa kuphela ngo-1521. Ukuze ajabulele ngokugcwele umbhangqwana wakhe wokuhlala uBoye wayenaso isikhathi: UThomas wafa ngo-1524, nomkakhe uCatherine - ngo-1526.

Umlando wenqaba yasebukhosini

Kulo ndodana indodana uBoyer, u-Antoine. Kodwa iNkosi uFrancis I, ngaphansi kwesizathu sokumjezisa ngenxa yokuphulwa kwezezimali, yahlanganisa isiqhingi. Lokhu kutholakala kwenzeka ngo-1533. Ngakho iKhenonceau Castle yaba yindawo yokuhlala yobukhosi. UFrancis ngafika lapha ukuzingela. Kodwa naye waletha abangane bakhe eChateau: umkakhe, u-Eleonora waseHabsburg, indodana kaHenry, umalokazana uCatherine de Medici. Izintandokazi zazikhona lapha - u-Etampes wase-Etampes u-Anna de Pisleau - othandekayo kaFrancis, noDiana de Saint-Valle de Poitiers, ukuphikisana kwendodana yakhe uHenry. Ukuhlwa kwamabhuku, amabhola nemikhosi babanjwe e-château.

Kungani iChenonceau ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Lady's Castle"

Lapho uHenry ephakama esihlalweni sobukhosi ngo-1547, u-Diana de Poitiers wamcela indawo enhle kakhulu. Futhi inkosi, ngokuphambene nomthetho, evimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla yobukhosi, idlulisela inqaba yaseChenonceau kuyintandokazi yakhe. U-Diana waqala ukuvuselela. Walayela ukuba ahlukanise ipaki nensimu nxazonke ze-chateau, futhi abuyele ibhuloho lamatshe ngaphesheya kweCher. Ngemuva kokufa kukaHeinrich, lo ozithandayo waxoshwa ngumkakhe osemthethweni, uCatherine de Medici. Le nkosikazi esebenzayo nayo yenza okuningi enqabeni: yaphule insimu yesibili futhi yaguqula impahla, ikhishwe e-Italy umakhi uChmaticcio. Ngo-1580, kwakhiwa isakhiwo sezitezi ezimbili ebhuloho lamatshe. UCatherine wanikeza lo mkhwenyana wakhe uLouise de Vaudemont indawo. Kodwa umnikazi omusha we-chateau wafa ngonyaka odlule. Wayegqoke ukulila (enkosini wayemhlophe) futhi kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe akushiyanga imingcele yezinqaba. Igumbi lakhe kanye nefenisha yagcinwa. Izakhamuzi zasemzaneni zambiza ngenhlonipho ngokuthi "uMhlophekazi".

Okuqhubekayo kwe-metamorphoses yaseChenonceau

Izinqaba zaseYurophu zazivame ukuguqulwa ezinqabeni ezizivikela ezigodlweni, bese ziya emajele, bese ziya ezigodini nasemyuziyamu. UKenonceau wayekulindele isiphetho esifanayo. "I-White Lady" yanikezela i-chateau kuFrançoise de Mercer, umkaDuke waseVendôme. Khona-ke lo mhlaba kancane kancane waqala ukwehla. Elinye iphiko le-castle lanikezwa i-monastery yamaFranciscans (bakha ibhuloho elisha eliphakamisa). Ngo-1733, la mazwe athengwa nguBlaude Dupin obhange. Umkakhe waguqula iChenonceau waya endaweni yelononi lapho avuma khona ubuntu obuvelele baleso sikhathi. Ngenxa yemibono yakhe yentando yeningi, le nqaba yayingakonakali ngesikhathi se-Revolution ka-1789. Indlovukazi entsha yayinguMadame Peluz, owayefuna ukubuya eChenonceau ekubukeni kwayo kwasekuqaleni. Ngo-1888, inqaba yakuthola umndeni waseMeunier. Inzalo yakhe manje ingabanikazi baseChenonceau.

Yini ongayibona enqabeni

Yiqiniso, ngaphezu kwakho konke, i-chateau ngokwayo. Kugcinwe ingaphakathi yangaphakathi ekamelweni "Five Queens". I-proprietress ngayinye, emva kombhangqwana weBoye, inikele okuthile ekuklanyeni kwenqaba. Kufanele uvakashele izingadi likaDiana noCatherine ngemibhede yemifula kanye ne-labyrinths, ehlotshiswe ngemifanekiso nemithombo. Ephikweni lebhuloho yiholo elikhulu. Futhi emasimini kukhona amakhishi amakhulu anesethi sezinto zalezo zikhathi. Asikhohlwa ukuthi iminyuziyamu ezithakazelisayo zaseFrance zikhona ensimini yezinqaba: ama-tapestries aphakathi nendawo, ifenisha, amaphepathi kanye nezibalo ze-wax. Futhi nansi iqoqo lemidwebo.