I-Maloyaroslavets, izinto: indawo "i-Vorobyevo" nabanye

Lona idolobha laseRussia lasendulo, elisebhange lomfula omncane, uLuzha, enyakatho-mpumalanga yeKaluga. Indawo yomuzi yi-1787 hectare.

Kusuka emlandweni wedolobha

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 umuzi wasungulwa nguPrince Vladimir Serpukhovsky. Wabizwa ngokuthi udunyiswe indodana yenkosi yesine, i-Yaroslavl. Ngokokuqala ngqa idolobha likhulunywe kulo mlando ngo-1402. Ngemva kokujoyina iMongameli yaseMoscow, yabizwa ngokuthi i-Maloyaroslavets. Ngomnyaka ka-1776 wathola isikhundla somuzi wedolobha. Ngo-Okthoba 24, 1912 i-Maloyaroslavets yaba yindawo yokulwa nempi yamaRussia enebutho elinamandla laseNapoleon. Ngemva kwempi engu-17 engapheli, idolobha ladlula izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili ukusuka ngesandla. Ngenxa yokulwa okunonya, kwabhujiswa ngokuphelele.

Ngesikhathi se-Great Patriotic War Maloyaroslavets yayisemsebenzini futhi yonakaliswa kakhulu. Ngonyaka ka-2012, ngaphansi kwesimiso sikaVV Putin, wathola isihloko esithi "Umuzi wenkazimulo yempi."

Indawoyaroslavets: ezikhangayo

Idolobha, elinomlando ocebile, linenani elikhulu lezikhumbuzo zamasiko, zomlando nezakhiwo. Iziphathimandla zedolobha zibaphatha ngokucophelela, ziqaphe isimo sabo futhi zenze umsebenzi odingekayo wokubuyisela.

Ukuhlala

Isikhumbuzo semvelo nesingokwemvelo esiyingqayizivele. I-artificial clay mound, ephakeme ngamamitha angu-30, itholakala ebhange loMfula uLuzha, phakathi kwemifula emibili. Abavubukuli baphikisa ukuthi kwakukhona izizwe zezizwe zakwaVicatich ezazihlala endaweni lapho namuhla isifunda saseKaluga sitholakala khona emakhulwini amabili neshumi nambili.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka le-14 le ndawo yasungulwa ngumfowabo kaDmitry Donskoy, uVladimir waseBrave-Don. Kucatshangwa ukuthi yilokho akubiza ngokuthi indawo yokuhlala entsha i-Yaroslavl. Kwakuyi-dike ekhuni emgodini ophezulu wobumba, indawo yokuhlala enezivikelo eziqinile, eguqulelwe i-melee defense. Kwakuyisistimu yocingo yasemadolobheni.

Ekhulwini lekhulu le-15 leminyaka le-16, emva kokuhlaselwa okuningi kwamaCrimean Tatars kanye nabahlaseli baseLithuania, inqaba yatshiswa. Izinsalela zalesi sihlahla zisinde kuze kube manje.

Ithempeli lase-Chernoostrovsky

Ekude nendawo yokuhlala yasendulo, ogwini lomfula i-Yaroslavki, elizungezwe izivande ezinhle kakhulu, itholakala ezindlini zezindela zaseNicolsky Chernoostrovsky. Yasungulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-16 leminyaka. Ngalezo zinsuku, wayehlala kuphela emagqumeni, ahlanganiswe nehlathi elimnyama nelinzima lokufinyelela. Ngakho igama - Chernoostrovsky. Lena inguqulo yokuqala yesisekelo sezindela.

Ngokwesibili, lakhiwa yizikhulu ze-Obolensky ngekhulu le-14 entabeni, eyayibizwa ngokuthi i-Black Ostrog. Emibhalweni yasendulo i-monasteri yayibizwa ngokuthi iChernoostrozhsky. Kamuva igama lazuza umsindo wesimanje. Ekhulwini lama-17 i-monastery yabhujiswa, kodwa engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-17 yabuye yakhiwa yi-Ipatii endala. Ngo-1775 kwaba ibandla lesifunda.

I-monastery yavuselelwa ngo-1800 ngenxa yomthengisi uTelibeev, owanikezela ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingu-20 (imali enkulu ngaleso sikhathi) ukuze kugcinwe abazalwane.

Ngo-1812, ngaphansi kwezindonga zendlu yezindela kwadlula iMpiyaroslavets emangalisayo nebutho laseNapoleon. Ngenxa yalokho, ithempeli labhujiswa, le ndawo yaphangwa. Izinsalela ezisinda zaphinde zahlukaniswa ngo-1813, futhi ukuvuselelwa kwayo kwaqala.

I-monastery yahlala ngokuphepha kuze kube ngo-1918, kuze kube yiBolsheviks eyivala. Kuzo izenzo zasendulo nezincwadi, imifanekiso eyigugu, izitsha zesonto, imicucu ecebile kakhulu yanyamalala ngaphandle kokulandelela.

Phakathi neminyaka engamashumi amabili, wonke amakholi ashiya lezindela. Ngemuva kwalokho, isikole lobuchwepheshe esikoleni sabekwa esakhiweni. Ngo-1991 i-monastery yadluliselwa eDovocese yaseKaluga. Izinkonzo zikaNkulunkulu kanye nokuphila okusha kwe-monasteri kwaqala ngo-Okthoba 4, 1992.

Ukuvuselelwa kwezindela

Eminyakeni yamuva, ukubuyiselwa okukhulu, umsebenzi wokwakhiwa nokulungisa uhamba lapha. Kwakhiwa kabusha umbhishobhi we-bishop, udadewabo ne-refectory, ihotela lezihambi, izitidi zemifino nezididi zembali zakhiwa. Esikhathini samahhala sangaphambili kukhona imyuziyamu ene-diorama yempi ka-1812.

Izindlu zaseVorobievo

Abathandi basendulo baye bakhangwa idolobha elincane laseMalayaroslavets. Izinto zayo ziyinzuzo enkulu yomlando. Ngo-1897, eduze nomzana waseVorobyevo, udokotela odokotela wasePetersburg othembisayo, uS. P. Fedorov, wathola umhlaba futhi waqala ukwakha isikole sesonto kanye nomtholampilo ophulukisiwe kubantu abahlala ezweni.

Le phrojekthi yale manor yasungulwa futhi iholwa unjiniyela waseSweden u-Gunnar Svenson, ngaleso sikhathi owayengumxhumanisi wokwakhiwa kwe-ambassy yaseSweden. Imininingwane eminingi yesakhiwo yenziwe ngesitayela samanje esithandwa kakhulu kulezo zinsuku eYurophu. I-farmstead "i-Vorobyevo" izungezwe yensimu enhle kakhulu yezithelo, isikwele esivulekile. Ensimini yalo kukhona ukushisa nokupaka ngamachibi.

Zonke iziqephu zale ndlu ephethe i-attic ngabanye. Basebenzisa ngempumelelo izinhlobo ezahlukene zemidwebo futhi baqeda - izindawo ezibushelelezi ezihlelekile, zibethelwa, ziphelile ngamathayili e-ceramic. Ukubunjwa kuyinkimbinkimbi yombhoshongo wekhoneni, ama-balconi, amatharasi nama-ledges. Indima ekhethekile idlala ngamafasitela ahlukahlukene. Kusukela ngo-1945 kuze kuze kube namuhla kukhona inkundla ensimini yefa.

I-Vorobyevo indawo yaba yisakhiwo sokuphatha. Nansi iminyuziyamu yomlando wayo.

Isikhumbuzo Sokudunyiswa

Eyaziwa ngemicimbi yayo yempi i-Maloyaroslavets. Ukubukeka, okuhlobene nokuxhaphazwa kwabantu basekhaya ngezikhathi ezihlukene, uhlala ehlonipha kakhulu. Lokhu kusebenza eSikhumbuzo Semikhumbuzo, esakhiwe yisimiso sikaNicholas I ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19 ukukhumbuza amasosha afela empini noNapoleon.

Zonke izakhi ze-cast-iron zenziwa e-foundry yase-Alexandrovsky eSt. Petersburg. Ngo-Agasti 1844, kwaqokwa isikhumbuzo kumasosha ayekhazimulisa i-Maloyaroslavets. Ukubheka (izithombe ozibonayo kulesi sihloko) ziyabathanda kakhulu abantu bendawo. Yiqiniso, basitshela ngomlando wamaqhawe wabazala babo.

Izindawoyaroslavets: ezikhangayo, ukubuyekezwa

Abavakashi abavakashele leli dolobha, bakhuluma ngokuphangazela ngakho ngakho. Ekuqaleni, wonke umuntu uyamshaya ngokungahlanzeki okungavamile. Futhi lokhu akusebenzi nje kuphela emigwaqweni nasezikwereleni, ukuhlanzeka okungenakukwazi ukulawula kubusa emakamelweni ehhotela. Siyabonga ngokukhethekile ngenxa yabasebenzi behhotela. Yonke isebenze ngokusemthethweni, i-unobtrusively futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, bonke bayobungane futhi banomusa.

Umbono omkhulu kubakhenikhi uveza izikhumbuzo ezizinikezele kumaqhawe eHondo LasePatricia, ikakhulukazi impi ye-museum-diorama "iMpiyaroslavets empini", esesithombeni sezindela.

Iningi lezinzwa ezingavamile lapho uvakashela indawo yasendulo yokuhlala yasendulo. Mhlawumbe, lokhu kubangelwa ubuchwepheshe bezinkomba zendawo abangakwazi ukudlulisela izilaleli zabo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule edlule.

Ezinye izivakashi zedolobha zithi ukunganakwa kwensimu yefa "Vorobyevo", okulimaza umbono wokuvakashela lesi sikhumbuzo esimangalisayo.

Namuhla sazama ukucabanga edolobheni elincane, lesifundazwe, eliyisifundazwe saseRussia-Maloyaroslavets. Izinto ezikuleli dolobha azikwazi ukuchazwa esihlokweni esisodwa, zivele zidingeke zibonwe.