I-Gothic cathedral - ubukhulu bemicabango yesikhathi eside

Isitayela samaGothi sisuka eFrance, lapho ekhulwini le-XII yashintsha i-Romanesque. Kamuva wamukela yonke iNtshonalanga Yurophu, kwaze kwaba yilapho i-Renaissance, ngemva kwamakhulu amane, engamcindezeli. Isitayela se-Gothic singalandelwa kuyo yonke imisebenzi yobuciko obuphakathi: imidwebo, ingilazi ekhonjiwe, incwadi encane, i-fresco nokudweba. Kodwa ngokugcwele ngokugcwele wabonisa ubukhulu bakhe ekwakhiweni kwesonto. Ikhomishoni yeGothic yaleyo nkathi iqukethe isifuba esihlotshiswe ngokucebile, amakholomu, amafasitela angenamabala amaningi, ama-arches anezintambo ezikhonjiwe, kanye nezici ezincane zemibhoshongo. Izindonga nophahla zihlotshiswe ngemidwebo eqoshiwe yezilwane ezinenganekwane. Izikhumbuzo ezinhle kakhulu zamaGothic zingatholakala emazweni amabili amazwe aseYurophu - eFrance naseSpain.

I-Gothic Quarter yaseBarcelona

Lona yingxenye endala yedolobha elidumile futhi indawo ethandwa kakhulu kwezokuvakasha e-Barcelona. Ukuvakashela lapha hhayi ukuvakashela iparele lekota - i-cathedral yamasonto yamaKatolika (i-XIII-XV leminyaka) - lokhu kuhlambalaza.

Ukuhamba emigwaqweni ehamba phambili yekota, ungabona izinsalela zodonga lwaseRoma, i-Basilica yaseLa Mercesa, iziqongo zePhalamende lase- Octavian Augustus, isonto lamaGothic lekhulu le-XIV i-Santa Maria del Pi neRoyal Palace, lapho bekhonza khona ubukhosi bobukhosi baseBarcelona namakhosi ase-Aragon. Ngemva kokubuka izakhiwo zasendulo, ungahamba ngeRoy Square Square naseSt. James Square. Ngemuva kokukhathala, kodwa ukuvakasha okunjalo okuthakazelisayo, izivakashi zedolobha zithunyelwa ku-art cabaret "Amakati amane". Kuyadumile hhayi kuphela ngomlando wayo, kodwa futhi nezivakashi zayo ezidumile emhlabeni wonke. Babethanda ukuvakashela uPablo Picasso nomngani wakhe u-Antonio Gaudi, uRusinol, u-Isaac Albeniz, uRamon Casas noGonzalez.

Amasonto aseGothic aseFrance

Imisebenzi ephawulekayo yobuciko besikhathi esiyimvelo eFrance yilawa maKhredres, Amiens, Angers, Reims futhi, eqinisweni, eParis. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi isakhiwo sokuqala se-gothic sasisontweni laseSaint-Denis. Umsebenzi wakhe wadalwa ngu-abbot Sugeri. Ngesikhathi sakhiwa, eziningi zesekelo nezindonga zangaphakathi zaqedwa. Ngako-ke isonto laba ngcono kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezakhiwo zenkolo zesitayela samaRoma, ngezinye izikhathi esibizwa ngokuthi "izindlu zikaNkulunkulu."

I-Gothic Cathedral yaseChartres, engamakhilomitha angama-90 ukusuka eParis, yakhiwe esakhiweni sesonto elidala, indawo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Holy Shroud ye-Virgin Mary, eyayigcinwe kusukela ngo-876 - idluliselwe eCathhedral of Chartres Theotokos. Izivakashi ze-cathedral ezidumile emhlabeni wonke zivakashele izizathu ezimbili ezibalulekile. Okokuqala, ummeleli wesitayela se-Gothic esiphakeme ngezikhathi zezimbali eziphakeme kakhulu, futhi okwesibili, yiyona indawo lapho cishe wonke amakhosi aseFrance ayekhishwa amakhulu eminyaka. Ithempeli elihle kakhulu laseGothic lase-Notre-Dame de Paris akumele limelelwe. Wakhazimulisa umhlaba wonke ngomsebenzi wakhe "I-Cathedral of the Notre Dame" uVictor Hugo engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu ngaphambi kokugcina. Ithempeli Lokucabanga, lanikezwa yona ngesikhathi seRussian Revolution, lakhiwa amakhulu eminyaka. Unyaka ngamunye, uvakashelwe abantu abayizigidi ezingu-14. Abaningi babo bafuna ukuvakashela enye yezindawo ezingcwele zamaKristu emhlabeni jikelele - umqhele wamameva kaJesu Kristu, okugcinwa ekhontathini kusukela ngo-Agasti 18, 1239.