Certification ugandaganda-umshayeli. Ezemfundo kwi ugandaganda-umshayeli

Ngezinye izikhathi abashayeli imfundamakhwela bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthola ilayisense yokushayela, ungakwazi ukulawula noma yiphi impahla, okufaka tractor. Empeleni, lokhu akunjalo. Ake sibone ukuthi yini ilayisensi umshayeli ugandaganda sika, ukuthi angaluthola kanjani, futhi kungani kufanele sizikhandle le dokhumenti.

Ngokungafani amalungelo imoto

amalungelo abashayeli - kuyinto ikhadi esihlanganisiwe plastic. Kuphoqelekile ukuthi isifinyezo umshayeli (ohlangothini olulodwa) kanye nezigaba izimoto, okuyinto unelungelo lokubusa (ngakolunye uhlangothi) ukushilo. Futhi ekhadini kumele siqukathe igama igunya lomphakathi elikhiphe yona umshayeli.

Ugandaganda izinto zokwakha kubhekwa, Ngakho-ke, i-priori, akuyona imoto. Ngakho-ke, ukulawula okwaso ungumeqi womthetho, akwanele ukuba izincwadi zokushayela. Ukuphatha inqubo ukwakhiwa, ikakhulukazi ugandaganda, udinga idokhumenti ekhethekile. Ngaphambi uthole isitifiketi, umshayeli ugandaganda, umshayeli okufanele athathe inkambo niketanani luhlolo. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo iyafana ukuthola ilayisense yokushayela.

Lapha kuyazuzisa benaka Ngesinye isikhathi, okuyinto efanele ikakhulukazi ezimweni yesimanje yentuthuko zomsebenzi ukufuduka. Emva kokuthola ilungelo umshayeli wemoto, umuntu ongasebenza umshini njengoba isigaba efanele kuleli zwe nakwamanye. Identity, ukuvulwa phambi unjiniyela ikhono lokuphatha imishini ekhethekile, isebenza kuphela esimweni lapho ikhishwa. Phesheya, akusiyo ngempumelelo.

Lingubani, umshayeli ugandaganda?

amalungelo Ifomu setha Gostekhnadzor. Ngakho-ke, noma ngabe umuntu ungase uthole le dokhumenti, lona wamuva uzoba ukubukeka iyunifomu. Amalungelo ugandaganda, kanye nelungelo yokushayela, kuyinto ikhadi plastic, okuyinto ugcwele kwalezi zinhlangothi zombili. Kolunye uhlangothi kule mpi kuyinto ekuhlaziyeni ngemishini, isithombe sakhe kanye nesiginesha. Futhi ngosuku lwesibili obaluliwe yobuciko lapho umnikazi we ukuphathwa isitifiketi uvunyelwe, futhi ocucuzayo yayo. Ngakho, amalungelo ugandaganda abashayeli zifana kokuqukethwe, izigaba ezahlukene amakhadi, nombala ziyahlukahluka. izitifiketi isampula ugandaganda opharetha aboniswe ngezansi.

Isizathu ukuthola amalungelo ugandaganda kuyinto isitifiketi unjiniyela ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile. It ikhishwa uma sekuqediwe amakilasi (theory ne practical). Lesi sitifiketi ngokwayo akukuniki unjiniyela ilungelo usebenze imishini ekhethekile. It ikhonza njengesithunywa yokwemukela nokuhlolisiswa zikahulumeni efanele. Nokho, kunokuningi okungakhulunywanga ngakho: control inqubo, ukushuba zazo ingeqi 4 kW, ngaphandle kwelayisensi kungaba umshayeli ugandaganda, kanye ubufakazi kuphela etholwe esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uma esikhungweni sokuqeqeshwa, kokukhishwa kwesitifiketi esinjalo accredited kwezobunjiniyela kweso, le dokhumenti akanawo nhlobo amandla. Ngo ngesimo samanje khona umshayeli ngokugcwele ilungelo nesithakazelo umqashi wakhe hhayi kuphela yena, kodwa futhi. Futhi akusiwona kuphela ukuthi abashayeli ugandaganda uphathiswe izimpahla ezibizayo. Uma icala futhi izinhlawulo nesibopho amanga ncamashi phezu umqashi.

Izigaba ukuhlonza ugandaganda umshayeli

Ngaphambi uthola amalungelo ukuphathwa ubuchwepheshe, kudingeka unqume ukuthi yini isigaba uya emsebenzini wakhe. Lokhu kuzokwenza ukucacisa izinga lapho isikole uzokuthumela. Kubalulekile ukuthi isikole babekwazi ukunikeza umkhuba ukuthi amasu ukuthi ewela ngaphansi isigaba ufuna.

Ngakho, sicabangela isigaba ugandaganda umshayeli:

• "A (I-III)». It ikuvumela ukuphatha off-road, okuyinto ayenzelwanga ukusetshenziswa emigwaqeni ezivamile. Lezi zihlanganisa: ATVs, ezithuthuthwini, imishini ishede kanye nezinye izinto zokusebenza, okuyinto amandla ingeqi 4 kW.
• "B". Inikeza ilungelo usebenze izimoto zilandelwa ezinamasondo ne injini umthamo ezisukela 4 kuya 24,7 kW. Ngamanye amazwi - 34 amahhashi.
• "C". It ivumela ukusebenza at kwesondo ubuciko ephethe namandla amandla iyunithi kusuka 25,7 kuya 110,3 kW (34-150 n. S.).
• «D». Inikeza ilungelo ukushayela kwazimoto nge nomthamo 110,3 kW.
• "E". Inika elawulwa izimoto zilandelwa, amandla aminingi ukudlula 24,7 kW.
• «F». It ikuvumela ukuphatha imishini yezolimo self ezinezinjini.

esithweni

On isitifiketi kubonisa hhayi kuphela isigaba ugandaganda umshayeli, kodwa futhi zichithe. It esabela umhloli ithatha ukuhlolwa ngaphakathi kwehlangano yomphakathi. On wonke amadokhumenti okwalandela, okuyinto izovela ugandaganda-chwepheshe, ukudedelwa uzobe wabonisa eduze okukhethekile. Ngokwesibonelo, "Loader opharetha osenyameni 3rd". Cabanga ngalokho kusinye:

isigaba 2nd. Nokho Lokhu kuqinisekisa ilungelo umshayeli ngabaphathi ubuchwepheshe, inqobo, ukuthi kuyoba ngaphansi kokuqondisa umuntu nakho. Uchwepheshe walesi ocucuzayo angase futhi bavunyelwe ukuba ukulungisa ephakamisa noma ukulayisha izindlela kanye namadivayisi.

isigaba Okwesithathu. Libonisa ukuthi umshayeli unelungelo ukuphatha ibhethri lift Loaders kanye nezinye izindlela abaphatha izindlela. Yena uvunyelwe ukuzigcina imithwalo, beka amaqubi, kanye bekwi-ukulungisa kanye nokugcinwa ugandaganda izindlela.

isikhundla 4th. Ivumela uhlelo yomsebenzisi ugandaganda, amandla esingeqile amalitha 100. k., kanye nezinye izindlela ezihambayo noma stowage. Winner of kulesi sigaba kumele akwazi ukulungisa izinkinga nokulondoloza imishini esebenza kuwo.

isikhundla 5th. It ivumela opharetha ukusebenza kogandaganda nomthamo 100 amalitha. a., kanye imishini kangako, uma bewasebenzisa njengoba ogandaganda, scrapers futhi ukumbiwa.

isikhundla 6th. Lokhu osenyameni kuyadingeka kulabo abafuna Unelungelo ukushayela ogandaganda nge umthamo ngaphezu 200 amahhashi, futhi uzisebenzise njengoba ogandaganda noma ukumbiwa.

Yini kuzomele uthole amalungelo

ilayisensi Umshayeli ugandaganda sika, kuyatholakala noma yisiphi isakhamuzi kabani yobudala idlula iminyaka engu-18. Ukuze ubhalisele ukuqeqeshwa, udinga ukukhombisa passport yakho futhi unikeze 6 izithombe ku ubukhulu 3 x 4 cm begodu incwadi kadokotela.

Kangakanani ukuqeqeshwa

Ezemfundo kwi ugandaganda-umshayeli kuvame ukuthatha isikhathi esingaphezulu kwezinyanga ezingi nenxenye. Konke kuncike esigabeni ekhethiwe. Uhlelo ukuqeqeshwa sivunyiwe e Gostekhnadzor. Lezi zifundo ihlukaniswe ibe izingxenye theory kanye nama-practical. Engxenyeni yokuqala ukujwayelaniswa nge ukuklanywa noma asebenzise imishini ethize izinyathelo zokuphepha sokusingatha imithwalo. Kulabo ungenayo incwadi yokushayela, ngokuhamba theory ayohlanganisa SDA. Lapho beqeda theory nolwazi imfundo bangenile at izivivinyo zendawo ukuthi kudingeka umphumela, kodwa, eqinisweni, akukho isisindo zomthetho akunandaba. Nokho, kungaba afakwe isitifiketi esikhishwe yi-sikole. On the izifundo theory futhi kungase kuthathe indawo belungiselela ukuhlolwa Gostekhnadzor.

Prakthiza lwenzeka ngesikhathi site. Lapha, abashayeli esizayo bafundiswa izindlela zokuphatha, ikhuluma nokusingatha wezimpahla. ugandaganda Beginner kumelwe uzame isandla sakho at umsebenzi wangempela asphalt nomhlabathi. Labo abafika sokufunda esikoleni lapho ngendelelo ukuprakthiza (kuba esikhathi esifushane noma okuyisidina), ugijima ingozi ungadluli ukuhlolwa bese kwesokudla. Ngakho-ke, ukuqeqesha ugandaganda umshayeli libe yindawo engcono esingahlala ukuqeqeshwa isikhungo esihle, ogama abasebenzi e okuhle ukholo indlela emsebenzini wabo.

ukuhlolwa

Certification sehlukaniswe izingxenye efanayo ukuqeqeshwa: theory kanye nama-practical. Imfundiso yokuziphendukela iqashwe kukhompyutha noma ngomlomo. Ukuze siphephe, uma uthunywa ngempumelelo, ugandaganda kungaba ukuhlolwa esisebenzayo. asihlole Olungokoqobo ukuhlola kahle kanjani opharetha ezilawula imishini ekhethekile. Ukuhlolwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili. Okokuqala - Usebenza ezimweni enhle ngesikhathi indawo yokuhlola. ngokuvamile Lokhu kwenzeka ekuhlolweni indawo efanayo, lapho ugandaganda waqeqeshwa. Ingxenye yesibili - umsebenzi ku into yangempela yonke imiphumela olandelayo.

Phakathi ukuhlolwa ukubukela Gostekhnadzor ummeleli. Yena unesibopho sinqumo sokugcina. Uma ugandaganda wayengenakukwazi ukukunika okokuqala elilodwa noma kwenye ingxenye ukuhlolwa, yena thatha futhi bamba futhi ukhethe hhayi esingaphansi kwesonto. Noma ubani akakwazi ukubhekana ukuhlolwa kathathu, wathumela i-kabusha ukuqeqeshwa Yiqiniso, nge kabusha yokukhokha. Kodwa labo wakwazi bephumelela kulolo vivinyo, ngempumelelo uthole amalungelo abo. Ukukhishwa kwezitifikethi ugandaganda opharetha singenzeka ngokushesha emva ukuhlolwa noma ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

ukukhetha esikoleni

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuhlola segunya sikhungo. Kukhona elinye futhi iphuzu ezibalulekile - isikhungo ukuqeqeshwa kufanele zitholakale endaweni lapho ubhalise. Kuphela kwezinye ezikoleni eziphambili ukuqeqeshwa kungathatha indawo ngaphandle kwedolobha abantu ngisho nabantu bokufika. Ngaphambi afake izicelo zokuqeqeshelwa ukuba, qiniseka ukuthi wena kunengqondo ngempela ukufunda futhi ngeke le dokhumenti ukukunika.

Konakele ku ukuthenga amalungelo?

Kukhona isizathu sokufihla, yini ukuthenga ilungelo ugandaganda kulula njengoba imibhalo umshayeli. Futhi ezimweni eziningi awukwazi ngisho ukhathazeke umzimba igunya, okuyinto kusolakala ukuthi ikhishwe. Ngakho-ke, abaningi bakhetha hhayi ukuchitha nelesithupha amaviki ukuqeqeshwa, kodwa ukuze nje ukhokhele mayelana esilinganayo futhi uthole idokhumenti oyifunayo. Umbuzo uwukuthi, kuzokwenzekani ne ugandaganda? Uma ukuhluleka kwakhe ngeke kulimaze izimpahla ezibizayo noma ukulimala noma iyiphi impahla, izindleko kungaba olubabazeka kakhulu, ingasaphathwa idumela. Godu kuthiwani nengabe izolimaza impilo yakho noma impilo yabanye abantu?

Umuntu onolwazi olunzulu onomuzwa obhekene umsebenzi wakhe futhi ufuna ukwakha imisebenzi yokuziphilisa emihle, angisoze aphazamisa umthetho ukuze bathole idokhumenti ziwumthwalo kuye anhlobonhlobo ukuzibophezela.

amalungelo esikhundleni

izitifiketi Ukubuyiselwa ugandaganda opharetha kuyadingeka uma kwenzeka ukuthi iphelelwe yisikhathi. Enye ukuthi Gostekhnadzor edingekayo ngenxa yezinguquko iziqondiso. Ukuze uthole ilayisense entsha ugandaganda umshayeli esikhundleni ubudala, ukufika Gostekhnadzor nokubhala isitatimende. Kulokhu, kufanele uhlinzeke imibhalo efanayo ekuklanyweni wezemfundo. Kubo kumele kwengezwe isitifiketi ukuqeqeshwa ekupheleni isilinganiso (ngakho-ke kufanele agcinwe), ilayisensi ugandaganda umshayeli omdala, isitifiketi kusukela amaphoyisa omgwaqo ukungabikho bokuhlukaniswa ilungelo ukushayela izimoto futhi kokuthola yokukhokha wesibopho isimo.