Isiqhingi sase-Kant: umlando nezinkampani

Ephakathi komfula i-Pregel, enhliziyweni yeKaliningrad, eduze nesiqhingi sango-Okthoba kuyisiqhingi saseKant. Ngaphambili, ibizwa ngokuthi i-Knaiphof. Yenziwa izingalo ezimbili zomfula ongenhla. Kusukela ngekhulu le-XIV, lapha kwakungenye yezindawo ezintathu ezakha iKoenigsberg.

Lesi siqhingi sinokukhangisa eziningana nezithakazelisayo, okuyinhloko phakathi kwazo okungabizwa ngokuthi iCathhedral kanye nengcwaba yefilosofi edumile emhlabeni. Inhlonipho yososayensi omkhulu le ndawo futhi inegama layo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeke umcimbi, i-atoll yahlangabezana nemicimbi eminingi namagama.

I-Peripetias negama

Isiqhingi samanje saseKant sasibizwa ngegama elithi Kneiphof, kusukela eJalimane Kneiphof. Kwavela igama elivela egameni lesiPrussia elithi knypabe, elihumusha njengalungezwe umfula, amanzi. Ngaphambi kokuba kutholakale indawo yokuhlala yokuqala ku-atoll, kwakubizwa ngegama elithi Vogtswerder, elivela ku-German Vogtswerder, elahlelwa ngu-Vogt, uVogt - ephethe icala lakhe futhi u-Werder, okuyinto ezwakalayo eRussia njengesiqhingi somfula. Ngo-1327 kwakhishwa umqulu, ngokusho ukuthi iziqhingi zasemaphandleni zanikezwa amalungelo omuzi. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi ukuhlala kwaqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iKnipaw.

Kakade ngo-1333 isiqhingi saseKant sithatha futhi igama elisha Pregelmunde, elizwakala ngesiJalimane, njenge-Pregelmünde. Amagama aseJalimane ama-Pregel (Pregel) noMündung abambe iqhaza ekwakheni leli gama, elisho ngokuhunyushwa lisho umlomo. Kodwa leli gama alizange lilungiswe, futhi kancane kancane igama elithi "Kneiphof", eliye lalingana nelinye elidlule, lakhula.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwesiqhingi

I-Kneiphof (manje isiqhingi saseKant) inendawo enhle kakhulu. Yakhelwe emkhakheni wezindlela zokuhweba zomhlaba namanzi. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqalisweni kwayo, sekuye kwaba isikhungo sokuhamba nokuhweba. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, i-atoll yayakhiwe kakhulu, futhi amabhuloho amahlanu axhumeke nomhlaba. Kube nenkinga eyithakazelisayo mayelana nalezi zakhiwo: kwakuwumsebenzi mayelana namabhuloho ayisikhombisa wedolobha laseKoenigsberg. Yayikhululwa isazi sezibalo esidumile uLeonard Euler. Wabonisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukudlula kuwo wonke amabhuloho, uma ungadluli komunye wabo kabili. Lesi sibonelo sasiqala njengengqikithi yombono wegrafu.

Ngo-1944, isiqhingi saseKant (iKaliningrad) sinezitaladi ezingu-28, izindlu ezingama-304, iCathhedral neHholo laseKapa. Amatekisi agijima edolobheni. Kodwa ukuqhuma kwamabhayisikili aseBrithani okwenzeke ngo-Agasti 1944 cishe kwabhubhisa ngokuphelele isakhiwo semlando se-atoll. Kuphela i-cathedral eyakwazi ukuhlala ingxenye. Ngenkathi yenkathi emva kwempi, amanxiwa alo muzi adilizwa zibe izitini, ezithunyelwa ngamabhaji ukuya ekuvuseleleni kweLeningrad.

Ngasekuqaleni kwawo-1970, ibhuloho elingaphezu kwamanzi lalibekwe e-atoll, okwaba omunye wemithwalo emikhulu yokuthutha yonke i-Kaliningrad. Ukuzama ukuhlomisa insimu, eyayiseduze nebhuloho, esiqhingini sabeka i-Sculpture Park futhi yaphula i-arboretum. I-cathedral yakhiwe kabusha ngo-1998 kuphela. Le nto yaba ikhadi elivakasheleyo kanye nokukhanga okubaluleke kakhulu kokuvakasha. Kusemadongeni aleli sonto ukuthi umakhelwane odumile kakhulu waseKoenigsberg, isazi sefilosofi esiphakeme kanye nomcwaningi u-Emmanuel Kant, ungcwatshwe .

Isikhumbuzi esivelele

Kukholelwa ukuthi i-cathedral esiqhingini saseKant (Kaliningrad) yaqala ukwakha ngo-1333. Phela, lolo suku luqoshwe kwi-weathercock yeNyakatho yoMbhoshongo. Umbhishobhi wendawo wavunyelwa yi-Teutonic Order ukwakha amasonto amasha esiqhingini saseKneiphof lapho kwacaca ukuthi isonto elidala lamaLuthela lalingasakwazi ukusiza wonke amalungu esonto. Ukwakhiwa kwethempeli kwaphela iminyaka engu-80. Ekuqaleni, kwakuhlelwe ukuthi kwakhiwe indlu yesikhungo sobukhosi, kodwa emva kweminyaka emihlanu ukuqala kokuklama izinhlelo zashintsha, ezinye izinguquko zenziwa kule phrojekthi futhi i-cathedral yaqala ukwakha njengesakhiwo sehlelo kuphela.

I-Cathedral evela ngaphakathi

Uma usesiqhingini saseKant, i-cathedral kufanele ibone. Namuhla, noma kunjalo, ayisebenzi, futhi izinsizakalo zenziwa kuphela ezandleni zevangeli nezesonto noma ezitholakala ngaphakathi kwendawo. Zonke ezinye iCathhedral zinehholo lekhonsathi kanye nemyuziyamu. Ubukhulu obukhulu behholo lekhonsathi lisegumbini lokuqala. Inesinye sezitho ezinkulu kakhulu eYurophu. Ezinsukwini zakudala, umlandisi wezindaba uHoffmann wayidlala.

Ukushayela izitebhisi ezivunguzayo, ungabona umbukiso weMyuziyamu owodwa owenzelwe u-Emmanuel Kant.

I-Sculpture Park - esinye isikhangiso esiqhingini

Isiqhingi saseKant (iKaliningrad) sidume ngepaki elihle kakhulu eliqoshiwe. Itholakala engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye-atoll futhi uhlobo lomyuziyamu ovulekile. Kukhona uphawu oluphawulekayo kusukela ngo-1984. Ukuqoqwa kwepaki kunezithombe ezingaba ngu-30, phakathi kwazo futhi kunezindlela ezihamba phambili ezibalweni zamasiko - abaqambi, abalobi kanye nezimbongi, abahlanganiswe isihloko esithi "Indoda nezwe".

Inentshisekelo epaki ibangelwa izitshalo ezikhulayo lapha. Cishe ngo-1030 izinhlobo ezahlukene zezihlahla nezihlahla.