Izintaba zaseCretaceous - isimangaliso esimhlophe seqhwa. Izibonelo zezintaba zaseCretaceous eRussia

Izintaba ezimhlophe zama-chalk ezimhlophe azikwazi ukuheha abavakashi. Njengomthetho, izindawo zokuphuma kwala mawa amhlophe eqhwa emhlabeni jikelele kuthiwa yizinqolobane zemvelo noma izikhumbuzo. Ungabona kuphi izintaba zaseCretaceous eRussia? Yini ezithakazelisayo?

Izintaba zaseCretaceous: isithombe nencazelo yesimangaliso semvelo

Ikhekhe liyidwala lezinhlobo ze-sedimentary, elithambile, elimhlophe nelingenangqondo. Ayichithanga emanzini, inemvelaphi yemvelo. Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo owenziwe kusukela ezilwaneni ezincane kunazo zonke - izakhamuzi zasolwandle olujulile. Ngeshoko, ngamunye wethu uyazi kahle ibhentshi yesikole.

Inqubo yokuqoqwa okusebenzayo kwalesi sici emhlabathini we-crust waqala cishe izigidi ezingu-145-150 eminyakeni edlule. Futhi kwaphela iminyaka engaba izigidi ezingu-90. E-geochronology, lesi sikhathi sesikhathi sithathwa ngokuthi i- Cretaceous period.

Izintaba zaseCretaceous - izizinda ezihlukahlukene ze-geological, ezitholakala ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zaseYurophu. Zakhiwe kulezo zindawo lapho iTethys yaqhuma khona izigidi zeminyaka edlule - olwandle olufudumele nolungajulile. Ama-outcrops e-cretaceous avame ukuqukethe ama-quartzite ama-admixtures, kungani ekhanya ngokukhanya elangeni. Ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwayo okungahleliwe, amadwala namadwala ngokuvamile ayebheka ukunakwa kwabezikhohlisi nazo zonke izinhlobo zezimbuzi. Lapha bakha izindlu zabo zezindela nezinkampani eziningi ze-monastic.

Izintaba zaseCretaceous: izibonelo eYurophu naseRussia

Izigidi zeminyaka edlule, ama-expanses amakhulu aseYurophu ayengaphansi kwamanzi. Ngalesi sikhathi, izingcezu zezingulube, izingcezu zezitshalo nezinhlanzi ezinhlanzi ziqoqiwe phansi. Konke lokhu kwancipha kancane kancane futhi kwaguqulwa waba uhlobo olusha lwe-breki. Kwezinye izindawo, ubukhulu beziphophozi ezinjalo kufinyelela kumamitha angu-50.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ulwandle lwaqala ukupheka, futhi olwandle lwaba umhlaba owomile, wembula ama-deposit Creteceous amakhulu. Ngakho-ke, izintaba zaseCretaceous zakhiwa kwezinye izindawo - izifakazi ezingamanga zomlando wezwe weMhlaba. Zihlakazekile ezindaweni ezingezansi zaseYurophu: eNgilandi, eFrance, eDenmark, eRussia nase-Ukraine.

Esinye sezibonelo ezinhle kakhulu zezintaba zaseCretaceous eYurophu yilokho okuthiwa i- White Rocks of Dover. Leli phokozi elinamaphesenti angu-100, elisogwini lwaseBrithani (Kent). Amagagasi olwandle kancane kancane ayaluqeda, enze iziqu ezinkulu ngaphansi komfula. Iziqhingi ze-Needles ku-English Channel ziyisibonelo esithile se-Cretaceous formations. Lezi zindawo ezimbili ezihle kakhulu ezisogwini lwe-Isle of Wight.

Izakhiwo ze-snow-white eziyingqayizivele ezivela ehokini ziyatholakala naseRussia (ezindaweni zaseVoronezh, eRostov, eBelgorod, e-Orenburg). Ngakho-ke, ibhande elikhulu kunawo wonke lezintaba zeCretaceous lidlula eMfuleni i-Don kanye ne-tributary yayo - amaDonets aseSeversky. Ivela esifundeni saseVolgograd saseRussia futhi iphela ensimini ye-Ukraine Donbass.

Divnogore - izintaba ezinhle emabhange aseDon

Lapho, lapho umfula omncane u-Silent Pine ugeleza khona kuDon, kunemyuziyamu ye-Divnogorye. Lapha endaweni yamakhilomitha angu-10 square kukhona amatshe ahlakazekile nezinsika zomgodi. Lesi esinye sezikhangayo zemvelo ezivelele kakhulu esifundeni saseVoronezh, esivakashelwa minyaka yonke okungenani izivakashi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-50.

Izintaba zezikhukhula esifundeni saseVoronezh, abantu ababizwa ngokuthi "divas". Ngakho igama le-reserve. I-flora yale ndawo iyathandeka kakhulu. Ama-botanists abalwa lapha mayelana nezinhlobo ezingu-250 zezitshalo, cishe ingxenye yayo yi-calcephites (ngokwemigomo elula - "melolibs").

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XV, amakholi aseGrisi aqala isakhiwo sezindela lapha. Emadwaleni aseCretaceous, bazakhela umhume. Ngo-1862, isonto laliqoshwe kwelinye lamadwala wendawo. Namuhla ithempeli elingavamile lifakwe emigwaqeni eminingi yokuhamba.

Izintaba zokushayela emfuleni i-Ilovle

Isifunda saseVolgograd sinezintaba zayo ezinamahloni. Zitholakala egodini elungile lomfula i-Ilovli, phakathi kwamadolobhana aseKamenny Brod naseKondrashi. Ukwakheka kwemvelo okuyingqayizivele ezindaweni kufana nehlane elimnyama nelinguqhwa. Imigwaqo yezintaba zaseCretaceous emaphethelweni aseLivli iminyene. Kodwa kwezinye izindawo ungakwazi ukukhuphuka ngisho nangemoto.

Phakathi kwalezi zintaba yi-Monastery iKamenno Brodsky Holy Trinity Orthodox, eyasungulwa ngesikhathi sokuhlasela kweTatar-Mongol. Ama-monks agubha emadwaleni e-Cretaceous emhumeni, ewaxhuma ngokuguquguquka. Engxenyeni yendlu yezindela kukhona iziphethu namanzi okuphulukisa, kanye nama-oak-giants amaningana angama-400 ubudala.

AmaKhola anomusa weLysogorka

Esinye isimangaliso semvelo sisendaweni yaseRostov, eduze nomuzi waseLysogorka. Kodwa-ke, isimo sesikhumbuzo semvelo le ndawo esitholile maduzane nje, kuphela ngo-2006.

Izintaba zezintaba zendawo yaseRostov zijabulisa umcabango wezivakashi ngokubonakala kwazo. Phakathi kwamadwala amhlophe weqhwa eLysogorka, ungabona amasondo amaqhawe ahlukumezekayo, kanye nezici zezilwane, nokubukeka komuntu ... Ama-Chalk cliffs atholakala ogwini lolwandle olukhulu. Ehlobo kungcono kakhulu lapha: umoya ugcwele ama-arom we-thyme, futhi amanzi angagonywa ngokuphelele.

Imidwebo ye-Cretaceous yaseBelgorod

Imikhakha ye-Cretaceous period ingabonwa esifundeni saseBelgorod. Ngokuyinhloko, i-Belgorod sekuyisikhathi eside idumile ngokukhishwa kwekhalishi eliphakeme elimhlophe. Emaphethelweni edolobha kukhona umhubhe omdala oshiyiwe, imigudu ehamba ngamakhilomitha amaningi ngaphakathi. Namuhla sekuyinto ethandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabakwa-diggers nezivakashi ezivamile.

Izinto ezihlukahlukene zitholakala emigodini yomhubhe waseBelgorod. Isibonelo, izinsalela zomzila wesitimela omdala omncane, lapho okwakuvele khona isikhohlela phezulu. Emadongeni ungabona imidwebo engaqondakali namaphethini - ukulandelana kwezigxobo zokugaya. Futhi kwelinye lamakamelo kukhona imoto yangempela VAZ-2101. Yeka ukuthi ufikile lapha akwaziwa. Ngokulandela ukuziqhenya kwemboni yezimoto zasemakhaya kuyingxenye enkulu yensimbi enesibindi. Ihlanganiswe ngokuphelele ngemibhalo ebhalwe phansi yizivakashi kugalari.