Isakhiwo ubuchopho: the cerebellum, umsebenzi

Ukwakheka komzimba womuntu siyazi ukuthi ubuchopho siqukethe neminyango ezifana oblong, aphakathi nendawo, Lesisemkhatsini, futhi bakhulise ekupheleni ingqondo. Futhi, nobuchopho obungemuva wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku le Pons futhi cerebellum, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi okuyinto esizoyicabangela kulesi sihloko.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi cerebellum isehlane ama- ezimbili, Lesisemkhatsini ahlukaniswe futhi okuthiwa isibungu evele ahlukaniswe anemifantu ukufana phakathi okuyizinto gyrus, bonke ubuso kuyinto amasentimitha square ayisishiyagalombili namashumi amahlanu. convolutions la maqembu akha Lobe we cerebellum, emiseleni okuqinile yakhe ahambe kusukela isibungu ukuba Nenkabazwe.

gyrus ngalinye libonisa ungqimba ezondile ndaba ezimhlophe grey camera (namagxolo) zibe munye milimitha obukhulu. I cerebellum, ezixhunywe ne umsebenzi oyiyo, has a umlenze aphansi (isinqophiso sokobana sibe le oblongata medulla), isangoma (ethunyelwe kwebhuloho) kanye engenhla (ethunyelwe quadrigemina). It is kahle exhunywe nazo zonke ezinye iminyango isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko nge izindlela eziningi ukuthi baphathe izinzwa imisipha, nemisipha, cortex cerebral futhi imisipha, lo cerebellum futhi ithumela amaza ngokusebenzisa lezi ziteshi kweminye iminyango Wesigungu Sikazwelonke. Ngakho, le ngxenye zobuchopho ezithintekayo lapho umuntu ukulawulwa motor umsebenzi, okwenza ukunyakaza okunembile, bushelelezi futhi ngokulingana.

Okubalulekile, njengoba umzimba, konke okubaliwe uhlelo lokulawula enganyakazi, cerebellum yenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

1) umthethonqubo imisipha ithoni, nomzimba omi ngayo;

2) Ukudidiyelwa kwama ukunyakaza ngokushesha.

3) Ukudidiyelwa kwama ukunyakaza okunenjongo;

Zonke lezi imisebenzi kungasingathwa kangcono ngaphansi Ukwahlukaniswa kwamadamu neminyango cerebellum. Ake sicabangele ngokuningiliziwe lokho imisebenzi eyenziwa yi-cerebellum, ikakhulukazi ngamunye eminyangweni yalo.

Worm lihlotshaniswa ukulawula umzimba balance, ithoni nokuma komzimba. Kuyinto kule ndawo ithola ulwazi isimo nesikhundla apharathasi locomotor, bese, ngemva kokucubungula imiyalo yayo ezithile ithunyelwa apharathasi vestibular. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ekususweni vermis cerebellar kuholela extensor tonus futhi ukungalingani waphawula, Synergy, maphakathi gravity, lapho ataxia.

Ihhovisi Ephakathi unesibopho ukunyakaza ngamabomu futhi ilungiswe, kanye ngokukhetha ukuma engcono ukwenza ukunyakaza. ukunqotshwa yakhe iholela hypermetric, disequilibrium.

ama- Cerebellar banesibopho okuvela ukunyakaza ngokushesha kakhulu nakanjani iqondiswe, okuyinto kuphakama ngokuzimela ulwazi ezisebenzayo emgogodleni. Lezi izimo kungabonwa ku mdlalo noma ukudlala insimbi ethile yomculo. Izilonda izindawo ubuchopho kubangela esitho ataxia, liqhaqhazela, promahivaniya, hypotonia futhi imisipha megalografiyu.

Muva nje, ososayensi wayebonise ukuthi cerebellum kanye neminye imisebenzi has, isibonelo, kuba ngezinga elithile obhekene ukusebenza kwezitho nezicubu. Uma ususa cerebellum, kuyoba ukuhlukumeza izitsha inhliziyo negazi, umgudu wokuphefumula, pheshana emathunjini.

Ngakho, futhi, siphawula ukuthi cerebellum, okuyinto kutfola umsebenti ubunjalo isifo uma ukuhlukunyezwa ehilelekile ukulawulwa izitho zangaphakathi. ukuhlulwa kwakhe kubangela ezifana izimpawu eziyinhloko njengoba asthenia (buthakathaka kwezicubu), astasia (shaking ukunyakaza kwemisipha) kanye atony (kwehle imisipha ithoni). Kuyinto evamile nokuba kakhulu ukubheka ukuthuthukiswa dysmetria - ukulahlekelwa ngokunemba ukunyakaza, ataxia - Gait ukusonteka, adiadohokineza - ekulahlekelweni kwamandla ukwenza ukunyakaza ukulandelana.

Ngakho, cerebellum wenza eziningi imisebenzi ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza evamile umzimba. Ngaphezu nokudidiyela ukunyakaza, futhi ulawula ukusebenza zonke izibilini izinhlelo.