I-"Duga" i-radar yaqapha isibhakabhaka iminyaka engu-20

Phakathi neMpi Yomshoshaphansi, izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo zazisongela, ikakhulukazi ngezikhali zempi. Kodwa-ke, abaholi bamazwe abahola amabhikisho aphikisayo futhi babe nezinqola ezinamandla kakhulu zezikhali ezibulalayo, okungukuthi, i-USSR ne-US, baqonda ukuthi impumelelo engenzeka lapho kwenzeka ukuguquka kwempi kusukela "ebanda" kuya esiteshini "esishisayo" kungenzeka kuphela uma iningi lezikhali ezikhishwe isitha Amakhophi azokwamukelwa futhi athathwe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi isici sokumangazwa - senziwe. Ngakho-ke kwavela umbono wokuthi "ukutholakala kokuqala".

Imisebenzi yayiqhutshwa kusuka zombili izinhlangothi, yayiyimfihlo ephezulu. Iwona kanye izinga lokulungela izwe lokunciphisa ukuhlaselwa kwezikhali zenuzi kwakuyimfihlakalo kahulumeni engaphansi, futhi mhlawumbe mkhulu kunezinombolo zempi kanye nezindlela zokudiliva.

E-USSR, isikhungo esiyingqayizivele socwaningo iDAR, esiholwa ngumklami jikelele we-FA, sabandakanyeka ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokuthola ukuqaliswa kwe-missile ye-ballistic . Kuzminsky, kusukela ngawo-1960.

Lapho uhlela uhlelo, isignali yokuphazamiseka ibonakala kusukela e-ionosphere, eyenzeka ngesikhathi sokuqalisa futhi eyenziwe ngelangabi lombhozi, isetshenziswe njengento eyinhloko ekutholeni amakhemikhali anonya.

Ngo-1970, ukuhlolwa kweDuga radar, okuyigama elinikezwe iphrojekthi, kwase kuyilungele futhi kuhlolwe emicibisholo yaseSoviet ehlelwe ukuba iqaliswe ku-Baikonur cosmodrome, imikhumbi yasePacific Fleet kanye neziqalisi ezisemhlabathini eMpumalanga Ekude. I-radar ibonise imiphumela emihle ezimweni zezinga eliphansi lomsindo we-ionospheric. Uhulumeni wanquma ukwakha i-radar enamandla "iDuga" esifundeni saseMykolayiv. Le ndawo yakhethwa ngokungajwayelekile, lesi sitimela singakwazi ukulawula isikhala phezu koLwandle Olumnyama, eTurkey, u-Israyeli kanye nengxenye ebalulekile yaseYurophu endaweni engamakhilomitha angu-3000. Njengoba isimo somgomo wangaphandle sangaphandle singavela ngaleso sikhathi, umuntu angaqagela kuphela.

I-radar ephezulu "i-Duga" yema ngokuqaphele ngosuku lokugubha iminyaka engu-54 ye-Revolution ka-Okthoba. Naphezu kwesimo esiyimfihlo kakhulu, kwakunzima ukuqeda ngokuphelele ulwazi lokuvuza, isiteshi sokulandelela sasiba nobukhulu obukhulu, ukuphakama kwe-antenna kwakungamamitha angu-135, ubude babuyikhulu lamamitha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-radar i-Duga yakha umsindo we-ethereal ngesimo sesimo sengqondo esifana nokugodla, okwakuthola ngokushesha, isiteketiso "se-Russian boxpecker" phakathi kwamazwe ase-NATO asezempi asebenza ngokuhlakanipha kwe-elekthronikhi. Kodwa-ke, ukuqonda okuthile ngesitha esingaba khona kungenzeka ukuthi bekuwusizo. Kwavimbela ukuziqhenya ngokweqile kanye nezinyanga ezinezikhukhula futhi ezihlile ePentagon, ezithokozile ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwamapulazi enkampanini, kanye nokutholakala kwemicibisholo yokuhamba kweTomahawk trajectory, okwakunzima ukuyithola nge-radar evamile.

I-ragaar yeDuga yayinamandla kakhulu, ngakho-ke amasampuli amabili alandelayo ayekwe eduze kwezitshalo zamandla. Ngemva kwengozi eChernobyl, omunye wabo kwadingeka avalwe ngenxa yezizathu ezicacile. Ukuzinza okuphansi kwesignali esamukelwe ezingeni eliphezulu lokuphazanyiswa kwe-ionospheric kwenza kudingekile ukushiya ukusebenza kwamanye amabili. Indawo yabo yayisetshenziswa izinhlelo zokuqala zokuthola isizukulwane esisha.